motion. But the ever-varying and muscle-disturbing forces of a horse at full gallop, to a person standing on the saddle, nay, of six horses at speed at one and the same time, producing no perceptible effect on the steady, easy, and even graceful attitudes of the rider, presents the highest degree of this equilibrium-preserving power. The difference in this between Ducrow and us is, that the very first change of the state of our muscles by the motion of the horse upon which we were rash enough to stand, would, for want of practice to antagonize that change by the necessary muscular contraction, bring us, in obedience to the law of gravitation, to the ground; while he is undisturbed by any number of such changes, and, by a constant and steady counterpoise in his ever-prepared muscular energies, not only seems never to lose his balance, but actually preserves it as effectually as we do in standing or walking. In the paper first above noted, vol. II. p. 412, it was shown to be highly probable, that the organ called that of Weight gives, among other things, a ready and vivid perception of equilibrium, and its disturbing and restoring forces; and in the other essay, vol. IV. p. 283, it was inferred, that although the nerves of this sixth sense were not traced into the convolution of brain called the organ of Weight, it might be proved, by a sufficiently large induction, that that organ is large in persons who possess in a remarkable degree the command of equilibrium ; and that there is a connexion between the sense and the faculty analogous to that between hearing and seeing, and the organs of Tune and Colour respectively. In the first-noted essay many instances were mentioned, and we now offer Ducrow as an additional and no trifling illustration of the same conclusion; for in him the organ of Weight is very largely deve. loped. In addition, we should have expected the Lower Individuality to correspond in size to that of Weight, to give the rapid perception of objects and movements necessary to the feats in question. This organ is very large in Ducrow. Indeed all the knowing organs are unusually large, Form,

a

Size, Weight, Order, and Locality, in addition to Lower Individuality; so as to give a degree of command of external objects and their simple relations quite inconceivable to those more moderately gifted. The general quickness, cleverness, and sharpness of Ducrow, must be very great.

Secondly, Graceful attitude, always supposing it is not rendered physically impossible by deformity of body, must be based in a command of Equilibrium, in combination with Form and Ideality, and perhaps Imitation. These are all large in Du

they must impress images of grace and elegance on his mind, and transfuse them into his movements and attitudes. His position on horseback is not an essential of this grace. He

. would dance or skate with the same; nay, his common walk, as was evident even on the arena, will partake of the quality.

Thirdly, Ducrow's Order is very largely developed. We, of course, had no opportunity to witness its exercise in the arrangements of his numerous stud, and not less numerous company; though all we did see seemed to indicate the effects of a well-conducted system; but we cannot conceive the feat of the six horses performed, the utmost order preserved, and harmony produced in their most difficult manege, and the curious and imperceptible impulses- of rein by which they were shifted into new relative places by their master's magic hand, without an unusual application of the faculty of Order or Symmetry.

Lastly, Ducrow's scenic or pantomimic powers proceed from the well-known combination of faculties, all large in him, of Imitation, Secretiveness, Lower Individuality, and Ideality; while the feelings, of which he gives the natural language, are also in considerable endowment. Besides a fair proportion of the animal faculties to give him boldness and energy, this singular individual presents what we should call a most gentlemanlike endowment of the moral sentiments. The coronal surface of his head is quite what a Phrenologist calls beautiful; and, added to the refinement inseparable from Ideality, there is the Benevolence, Veneration, Hope, Love of Approbation, and

а

well-regulated and dignified Self-esteem, which never fail to constitute a character, and, of course, a manner of politesse, courtesy, and agreeableness. The demeanour already alluded to, with which, as Alexander, he bestowed laurel crowns on the victors in the classic games, appeared to us to emanate from that interesting combination.

But we are not yet done with this extraordinary man. We have enumerated a variety of wonders performed by him, but we have not yet called the reader's attention to the most astonishing fact of all, namely, that, different and distinct as each performance is from another, requiring not only different muscular and nervous exertions, but the utmost activity of different faculties, several are performed by him, and performed with the utmost ease at one and the same moment ! There are persons who possess this power of the simultaneous so slenderly, that although they can sing the air, and say the words of a song, they cannot bring Tune and Language to act together, so as to sing the words and air at one and the same time. Ducrow's power is the greatest possible contrast to this defect. The power alluded to is one of the manifestations of what, by the Scottish school of Phrenology, is termed Concentrativeness,--the Inhabitiveness of Dr Spurzheim; and perhaps there is no other manifestation which is more calculated to give a clear idea of the nature of a faculty which enables its possessor to direct not only one, but several powers steadily and without vacillation to one object, whether that object be thinking, feeling, or acting. Ducrow has one of the most unequivocally large developments of Concentrativeness, Mr Pitt's not excepted, we have ever yet met with. This faculty puts into his hands the reins of other powers,

, which, for want of such checks, would pull different ways; and he guides them, and combines them, and varies their action, just as he does the movements of the six horses so often alluded to. It is incredible what he does at one and the same time, each single thing being something of the most difficult achievement in itself, · To maintain equilibrium with ease standing on a horse at full speed, to conceive and realize a variety of attitudes of perfect gracefulness, to carry on in pantomime a scenic narrative, and move the spectators almost to tears with the natural language of all the tenderness of home, are each of them performances of rare attainment; but the whole done, and done to perfection at the same time, seems to demonstrate that there is a special power to produce an effect so little referable to any of the faculties which performed each of the feats enumerated; and, moreover, that Ducrow is eminently endowed with that power. It may be remarked in passing, that the Upper Individuality, called Eventuality by Dr Spurzheim, is in Ducrow not so largely developed. His feats do not require the aid of this faculty ; but the lesser endowment is mentioned here, because the power of concentrating has been attributed to this faculty; and, we think, erroneously.

We are surprised with the length of time our equestrian has occupied us.

But we have not lost that time on an un. important phrenological subject. We have all had our turn of delight with much inferior horsemanship to his. · The Cherokee Chiefs chanced to see Rickets perform at New York, and greatly marvelled that a man so highly gifted was not president of the United States, or, at least, King of England. But the hero of this notice so far transcends Rickets, were even Cherokees his critics, and so much surprises and delights judges of his higher powers, that his merits as a show are nothing to his value as a philosophical study.

ARTICLE VII.

OF INDIVIDUALITY.

By Mr W. Scott.

There is no part of the science of mind which has been more puzzling to philosophers than that which regards the pheno

mena of perception. Various ingenious theories have been devised for the purpose of explaining the manner in which, from the intimations of our five bodily senses, we become acquainted with the external world,-of accounting for the fact of single vision with two eyes, for our seeing objects in an upright position by means of inverted images on the retina,→→→ for our judgment of distances by means of sight, and various other mysteries. Much plausible reasoning has been bestowed upon the investigation of that species of mental chemistry, by which sensations, which are mere feelings of the mind, are converted into a vivid perception of things without us, accompanied with a belief of the strongest kind in the real existence of a material world. All this spéculation is at once swept away and rendered unnecessary, by the discoveries of Phrenology, which has revealed to us, by an induction of facts too numerous to be questioned, that, besides the five external senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling, we possess certain internal senses, the functions of which are so adapted to the former as to supply all that is necessary for conveying to us the information required. It is now established beyond a doubt, that we possess separate special powers for observing and judging of the sensible qualities of Form, Size, Weight, and Colour. Another separate power, Locality, enables us to judge of distance or relative position. Other three supply the relations of succession in Time, Order, and Number. There may very possibly be others yet undiscovered; but these which are already known seem to embrace every quality of material existence with which we have any means of becoming acquainted.

It is not my intention here to state the evidence for the existence of these faculties; this is to be found in the works of Dr Gall and in the elementary books on Phrenology. I shall take it for granted that they exist, as I am satisfied they do, and that their functions are such as the Phrenologists have attributed to them. It is to be observed, however, that in nature we seldom if ever find one of these powers acting