warded. Two Frenchmen, who had left every thing to follow his fortune, who had been sent as couriers through half Europe, and executed their commissions with great punctuality and exactness, were suddenly discharged, without any faults imputed to them, or any recompense for their past service. To this spirit of avarice may be added his insolent manner of treating his immediate dependants, very unbecoming a great prince, and a sure prognostic of what might be expected from him if ever he acquired sovereign power. Sir J. Harrington, and Colonel Goring, who suffered themselves to be imprisoned with him, rather than desert him, when the rest of his family and attendants fled, were afterwards obliged to quit his service on account of his illiberal behaviour. But there is one part of his character, which I must particularly insist on, since it occasioned the defection of the most powerful of his friends and adherents in England, and by some concurring accidents totally blasted all his hopes and pretensions. When he was in Scotland, he had a mistress, whose name is Walkenshaw, and whose sister was at that time, and is still, housekeeper at Leicester house. Some years after he was released from his prison, and conducted out of France, he sent for this girl, who soon acquired such a dominion over him, that she was acquainted with all his schemes, and trusted with his most secret correspondence. As soon as this was known in England, all those persons of distinction who were attached to him, were greatly alarmed; they imagined that this wench had been placed in his family by the English ministers; and, considering her sister's situation, they seemed to have some ground for their suspicion; wherefore they despatched a gentleman to Paris, where the prince then was, who had instructions to insist that Mrs Walkenshaw should be removed to a convent for a certain term; but her gallant absolutely refused to comply with this demand: and although Mr M⭑Namara, the gentleman who was sent to him, who has a natural eloquence, and an excellent understanding, urged the most cogent reasons, and used all the arts of persuasion to induce him to part with his mistress, and even proceeded so far as to assure him, according to his instructions, that an immediate interruption of all correspondence with his most powerful friends in England, and in short that the ruin of his interest, which was now daily increasing, would be the infallible consequence of his refusal; yet he continued inflexible, and all M'Namara's entreaties and remonstrances were ineffectual. M'Namara staid in Paris some days beyond the time prescribed him, endeavouring to reason the prince into a better temper; but finding him obstinately persevere in his first answer, he took his leave with concern and indignation, saying, as he passed out, What has your family done, Sir, thus to draw down the vengeance of Heaven on every branch of it through so many ages?' It is worthy of remark, that in all the conferences which M'Namara had with the prince on this occasion, the latter declared, that it was not a violent passion, or indeed any particular regard, which attached him to Mrs Walkenshaw, and that he could see her removed from him without any concern; but he would not receive directions, in respect to his private conduct, from any man alive.-When M'Namara returned to London, and reported the prince's answer to the gentlemen who had employed him, they were astonished and confounded. However, they soon resolved on the measures which they were to pursue for the future and determined no

longer to serve a man who could not be persuaded to serve himself, and chose rather to endanger the lives of his best and most faithful friends, than part with an harlot, whom, as he often declared, he neither loved nor esteemed. If ever that old adage, Quos Jupiter vult perdere, &c. could be properly applied to any person, whom could it so well fit as the gentleman of whom I have been speaking? for it is difficult by any other means to account for such a sudden infatuation. He was, indeed, soon afterwards made sensible of his misconduct, when it was too late to repair it for from this era may truly be dated the ruin of his cause; which, for the future, can only subsist in the non-juring congregations, which are generally formed of the meanest people, from whom no danger to the present government need ever be apprehended." On the death of his father, Charles Edward assumed the title of king of Great Britain, but he was not recognised in this character by the papal and other courts which had acknowledged his father's claim to the title. The French and Spanish governments, however, with the view of embarrassing the British councils, got him persuaded, by the offer of a large pension, to marry the young princess Louisa Maximiliana of Stolberg-Godern. The marriage was issueless. The prince died at Rome on the 31st of January, 1788. He had for many years previous to this event been separated from his wife. He bequeathed his property to the duchess of Albany, his natural daughter, probably by the female named Walkenshaw, of whom mention has already been made. His widow is reported to have entered into a second marriage. She died in 1824.

Henry Stuart, Cardinal York.

BORN A. D. 1725.-DIED A. D. 1807.

HENRY BENEDICT MARIA CLEMENT, the last descendant of the royal line of the Stuarts, was born at Rome, in March, 1725. He was early destined for the church, but the pope granted him a dispensation by which he was enabled to hold benefices without having received the ecclesiastical tonsure.

In 1745, while his elder brother was in Scotland, striking a last blow for the crown of Britain, he went to France for the purpose of taking the command of some troops which were about to embark at Dunkirk, with a view to support the Stuart cause in Scotland; but the news of the battle of Culloden prevented the embarkation of the armament, and Prince Henry returning to Rome soon afterwards took holy orders. In 1747, Pope Benedict XIV. raised him to the purple, with the title of Cardinal York. He was subsequently made chancellor of St Peter's, and bishop of Frescati.

On the death of his brother in 1788, he caused medals to be struck, bearing his own portrait, with the inscription, HENRICUS NONUS ANGLIE REX; and, on the obverse, GRATIA DEI, NON VOLUNTATE HOMINUM. In the vicissitudes of fortune, the cardinal ultimately became dependent on the bounty of the monarch whose titles he had thus usurped. He had disposed of the greater part of his effects in 1796, in order to assist Pius VI. in making up the sum levied on him

by Buonaparte. In 1798, the French army plundered his villa, and he retired to Venice in a state of destitution. His friends laid a statement of his case before the reigning sovereign of England, George III., who liberally granted the amiable but unfortunate cardinal a pension of £4000 per annum, on which he subsisted till his death in 1807

Lord King.

BORN A. D. 1669.-DIED A. D. 1734.

LORD KING, chancellor of England, and celebrated for his ecclesiastical and theological researches as well as for his knowledge of constitutional law, was the son of a drysalter at Exeter in Devonshire, and was born at that place in 1669. His father designed to bring up his son to his own trade, and with this view kept him in his shop for some years; but the youth devoted every spare moment to study, and made himself a very accomplished scholar while attending in his father's warehouse.

The celebrated Locke, who was his maternal uncle, was so pleased with the talents and acquirements of the lad that he advised his father to allow him to devote himself to a learned profession; and the father having acceded to the proposal, young King entered the Inner Temple, and applied himself vigorously to the study of law.

His first publication, however, was of a nature somewhat remote from his professional studies. It was entitled, 'An Inquiry into the Constitution, Discipline, Unity, and Worship of the Primitive Church.' In this treatise, King contends for the independent form of church polity, but advocates measures of unity and reconciliation amongst all protestant churches. A Mr Elys published remarks upon it in 1694, and a Mr Sclater produced a formal and elaborate answer to the Inquiry.

In 1699, Mr King, now of considerable reputation in his profession, was returned to parliament for the borough of Beer-Alston in his native county, which place he continued to represent during five successive parliaments. Pursuing his ecclesiastical researches, he published, in 1702, The History of the Apostles' Creed,' a work of much originality and research. In 1708, he was made recorder of London; and the year following he received the honour of knighthood from Queen Anne. Upon the accession of George I., he was appointed lord-chief-justice of the court of common pleas, and soon after sworn of the privy-council.

On the 25th of May, 1725, he was elevated to the peerage by the title of Lord King, Baron Ockham; and on the 1st of June following, the great seal was placed in his hands. He filled the office of lordchancellor till within eight months of his death, which was hastened by the assiduity and scrupulous fidelity with which he sought to discharge the high duties of his office. He died on the 22d of July, 1734, leaving a character unsullied by even the whisper of reproach; although, if the authority of Sir Egerton Brydges is to be received on such a point, he did not make such a figure as a lawyer as was expected when he was raised to the woolsack.

William Shippen.

BORN A. D. 1672.-died A. D. 1743..

WILLIAM SHIPPEN,-" honest Shippen," as Pope somewhere calls him, was the son of a Cheshire clergyman. He was chosen successively representative for Bramber in Sussex, Saltash in Cornwall, and Newton in Lancashire.

He

From the moment of his entrance into parliament, until the period of his death, Shippen was an undisguised advocate of the claims of the house of Stuart. His talents were so formidable, that the court made various efforts to buy him over, but in vain; although his annual income, previous to his marriage, did not exceed £400, yet he was inaccessible to temptation, and, by a strict economy, managed to preserve his independence and reputation in the midst of a most venal age. at length became rich by his marriage with the daughter of Sir Richard Stote, who is said to have brought him a fortune of £70,000. His attachment to the house of Stuart was at one time brought under brief suspicion by his conduct on Sandys's motion for the impeachment of Walpole. Shippen declared that he looked on this motion as only a scheme for turning out one minister and bringing in another; and that he would give himself no concern in the question: whereupon he withdrew, and was followed by thirty-four of his friends. His conduct on this occasion excited great surprise; but the real cause of it has since become known. Walpole, having discovered a correspondence between one of Shippen's friends and the pretender, Shippen waited on Sir Robert, and besought him to save the delinquent. Walpole consented to do so, and then said to Shippen, "I cannot desire you to vote with the administration; for, with your principles, I have no right to expect it: but I require, whenever any question is brought forward in the house personally affecting me, you will recollect the favour I am now granting you."

Shippen was the author of several political tracts.

He died in 1743.

His brother, Dr Robert Shippen, principal of Brazen-nose college, Ox. ford, was a man of considerable abilities.

Sir John Fortescue Aland.

BORN A. D. 1670.-died A. D. 1746.

He

THIS eminent lawyer was born on the 7th of March, 1670. was the second son of Edmund Fortescue of London, by Sarah, daughter of Henry Aland of Waterford, Esq. He was lineally descended from the celebrated Sir John Fortescue, lord-chief-justice of England in the reign of Henry VI.

He was called to the bar about the time of the Revolution. In 1714 he received the appointment of solicitor-general to his highness the prince of Wales; and soon after was constituted solicitor-general to his majesty, in room of Nicholas Lechmere, resigned. In Hilary-term,

1716, the king appointed him one of the barons of exchequer. In 1718 he was made one of the justices of the king's bench.

On the accession of George II., he appears to have been in disgrace for some time, as his commission was superseded, but for what reason has not transpired. He regained his majesty's favour, however; and in January, 1728, was appointed one of the justices of the court of common pleas. He resigned in 1746, when he was created a peer of Ireland by the style and title of John, Lord Fortescue Aland, Baron Fortescue of Credan. He died on the 19th of December, in the same year.

He edited his ancestor's treatise on The Difference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy;' and published Reports of Select Cases in Westminster Hall.' He was the friend and associate of Pope, for whom he supplied the burlesque of 'Stradling versus Styles.'

Sir John Balchen.

BORN A. D. 1669.-DIED A. D. 1744.

THIS brave officer entered the navy at a very early age, and passed regularly through every gradation of rank, till he reached the very highest in the service. In 1697, we find him commanding a small frigate, called the Virgin; and no mention is made of any subsequent command held by him till the year 1707, when he was captain of the Chester, a frigate of fifty guns, which was captured by the French squadron, under the Count de Forbin, while convoying the Lisbon fleet, in concert with the Ruby frigate. The particulars of this disas.... ter have been briefly related as follows:

"As the fleet was not only of very considerable intrinsic value, but of the highest consequence and importance considered in a national light, for all the provisions, stores, and upwards of one thousand horses for the service of the ensuing campaign in Spain, were embarked on board it, it was thought proper to strengthen the convoy by the addition of two ships of eighty guns, and one of seventy-six, all under the command of Commodore Edwards, who was to see them fifty leagues to the south-west of Scilly, where it was presumed they would be perfectly out of danger from the Dunkirk squadron, which was the only quarter from whence any attack was apprehended. The fleet was not completely collected and ready to sail till the 9th of October; and, on the 10th, having then proceeded on their voyage no farther than the Lizard, they fell in with the united squadrons of Forbin and Du Guai Trouin. Reinforced as the escort was, it was unable to contend against an enemy so wonderfully superior. The commodore's ship, the Cumberland, as well as the Ruby and Chester, after having separately made a most gallant, and, indeed, desperate defence, fell into the hands of the enemy. The Chester became the prize of the count De Forbin himself, who, notwithstanding the disparity of force, which totally annihilated every thing like glory in his conduct, was wonderfully elated at the success, which was most romantically magnified on the part of the French." Captain Balchen was exchanged the following year, and being brought to trial for the loss of his vessel, was most bonourably