remain no doubt, then, that the conclusion must be given up which Mr Wheatley has confidently built on fuch grounds; and we may add, that even if the whole extent of the data were admitted, the fallacy of fome pofitions would remain incontestable. It would ftill, for example, be erroneous to confider the gradual extinction of the national debt, by the depreciation of currency, as a breach of public faith, or to omit the confideration of thofe changes confeffedly beneficial to annuitants, which are daily taking place in the price of various commodities, or to rank the -adjustment of wages among the duties of the legiflator, as Mr Wheatley very diftinctly does in p. 196.

II. The other fallacies which we conceive our author has committed, upon the fubject of paper currency, are by no means fo remarkable, either for novelty or boldness, as that which we have just now been examining. The excefs of paper he imputes to the progrefs of taxation; and, after many eulogiums upon the conftitution of the Bank of England, while it remained the fole regulator of the paper circulation of the country, he afcribes the difficulties under which the Bank has laboured, as well as the whole commercial and financial embarraffments of the nation, during the late war, to the increafe of country banks, and the permiffion of their notes. Thefe banks, he contends, in times of tranquillity, enlarge their flues too much; and, in times of alarm, contract them to a proportionable degree. Their notes are, in fuch emergencies, more liable to fufpicion than bank paper. The effects of the diftruft excited by thefe, reaches the Bank, whofe iffues are thus extended in confequence of the country paper being depreciated, as they are contracted from its redundancy in profperous times. The fame redundancy, he adds, increafes all thofe bad effects of paper currency which we have already attended to. In order to render this reafoning conclufive, Mr Wheatley must prove,

First of all, That the right of engaging in an important department of trade, ought to be confined by Government to one great mercantile company, merely becaufe private individuals may o ver-trade in this, as in every other line.

Secondly, That the trade of banking is fo very peculiar in its nature, as to destroy all prudence, and even to obliterate the fear of failure, in those who undertake it.

Thirdly, That the Bank directors are likely to know the credit of those whom they deal with, better than the merchants in country towns know that of their customers; and are likely to fuperintend the whole circulation of the community more accurate ly of themselves, in the metropolis, where they have each feparate concerns, than when affifted by the vigilance of four hundred agents in different quarters, whofe lives are devoted to the task.

Lafly's

Laftly, That the central bank has not a fufficient controul over all country banks, when at every time its notes bear to theirs the fame relation that fpecie bears to its own; more particularly, when its obligation to pay in fpecie has been fufpended, without any analogous fufpenfion in favour of the country banks. It is indeed abfurd in the extreme, at prefent to complain of the country banks increafing the paper currency beyond its juft bounds. Until they also shall be abfolved from the obligation to fulfil their contracts, no advocate for the Bank of England ought to hazard an allufion of this kind. These establishments ftill remain under the various checks, which fecure the honefty, and quicken the prudence of every private trader. They have the most powerful inducements to purfue the line of conduct most beneficial to the public, and the best means of difcovering the direction in which that line runs. To expect, from their thoughtlessness and avarice, a general depreciation of the currency, by a univerfal over-iffue of notes, would be as ridiculous, as to fuppofe that the Oporto merchants will ever deluge the country with port

wine.

Before taking leave of Mr Wheatley's treatife, we must again exprefs our disappointment at the fcantinefs of the new matter which it difplays, upon fo various and important a field of inquiry, after the fplendid promifes of the preface. The minutenefs, however, with which we have gone through almost all his reasonings, is a fufficient proof that we value his performance more than the common ephemeral publications on political topics. And as he has evidently paid confiderable attention to a fubject, removed, by its manifold difficulties, above the reach of ordinary reafoners, we trust that he will continue to profecute his fpeculations, until he fhall make fome real addition to this important branch of science. The ftyle of the tract is extremely careless, and in many parts tainted with a difagreeable vulgarity of expreffion. It is frequently deficient in grammatical purity; and for these imperfections, it only atones, by a very laudable facrifice of all pretenfions to ornament. But, in a work of this nature, thefe are very trivial faults; and we should not have even thus fhortly hinted at them, had we met with much to gratify us in the more fubftantial parts of the entertainment.

QUARTERLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS,

From 25. Auguft to 24. October 1803.

AGRICULTURE.

The firft Forty Volumes of Arthur Young's Annals of Agriculture.

ALGEBRA.

A Key to Bonycaftle's Algebra, wherein the Queftions left unanfwered in that Treatife, are worked out at full Length, and rendered as plain as the Nature of the Subject will admit. By William Davis.

1200.

ANTIQUITIES.

Plates VIII. and IX. of the Fourth Volume of Vetufta Monumenta. Afiatic Refearches; or, Tranfactions of the Society at Bengal for jnquiring into the Hiftory and Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature of Afia. Vol. IV. V. VI. and VII. With many Plates.

Teftimonies of different Authors refpecting the Coloffal Statue of Ceres, placed in the Veftibule of the Public Library at Cambridge July 1803; with an Account of its Removal from Eleufis.

ARCHITECTURE.

An Effay on Rural Architecture, illuftrated with Original and Economical Defigns; being an Attempt alfo to refute by Analogy the Principles of Mr Malton's Effay on Cottage Architecture. To which are added, Hints for Rural Retreats, &c. and a Defign for the Naval Pillar. By Richard Elfam, Architect.

ASTRONOMY.

A Defence of the Divine Syftem of the World, which reprefents the Earth as being at Reft, and the Heavenly Bodies in Motion; with a Demonftration of the Fallacy of the Solar Syftem of Pythagoras, Copernicus, and Newton. By Bartholomew Prefcot.

BIOGRAPHY.

The Hiftory of the Life and Age of Geoffrey Chaucer, the early English Poet, including Memoirs of his Kinfman John of Gannt. Comprehending Views of the Progrefs of Society, Manners, and the Fine Arts, from the Dawn of Literature in modern Europe to the clofe of the Fourteenth Century. With Characters of the principle Perfonages in the Courts of Edward the Third and Richard the Second. By William Godwin, Author of Political Juftice, &c. Two Volumes 4to.. Illuftrated with portraits.

Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Rev. Alexander Geddes, LL. D. By John Mafon Good. With a Portrait of the Doctor, 8vo.

BOTANY.

A Catalogue of Plants cultivated in the Brompton Botanic Garden.

DRAMA.

Orlando and Seraphina; or, the Funeral Pile, an Heroic Drama, by Francis Lathom,

Mrs Wiggans, a dramatic piece, as performed at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket. By J. T. Allingham.

Epilogue to the new Play of the Maid of Briftol, written by George Colman, jun. Being an Addrefs to the Patriotifm of the English. The Maid of Bristol, as performed at the Theatre Royal, Hay market. By James Boaden, Efq. With an Addrefs to the Patriotifm of the British People, as an Epilogue, written by George Colman, jun. Bonaparte; or, the Freebooter. By John Scott Ripon, Efq. Obfervations on the Drama, with a View to its more beneficial Ef fects on the morals and Manners of Society. By Edward Green.

EDUCATION.

A Skeleton of the Latin Accidence.

An English Introduction to the Latin Tongue. By the Reverend T. Prichard.

The Hiftory of Quadrupeds, adapted to the Capacity of Youth. By Mrs Mary Trimmer, embellished with Engravings. 18mo.

A Compendium of Juvenile Inftruction; or, a progreffive Inlet to ufeful knowledge, accompanied with an elementary Map, 12mo.

Progreffive Exercifes, adapted to the Eton Accidence, to be written or repeated while learning the Nouns and Verbs. To which is added, an eafy Method to teach Boys to conftrue or tranflate from the Latin; with Examples and Leffons, in which are introduced Fables and fhort Sentences, a compendious Heathen Mythology, and a Summary of Chriftian Faith and Duties. Crown 8vo.

FOREIGN.

Mémorial Topographique et Militaire, redigé au Depôt-Général de la Guerre, imprimé par Ordre du Miniftre, 3 livraisons, 8° fig. Politique d'Ariftote. Traduit par C. Millon. Paris, 4 vol. De l'Homme confideré moralement. Par J. le Delametherie. Paris.

Par D. Heilman.

2 vol.

Nouvelles Vues fur l'Education et l'Inftruction.
L'Alphabet Raifonné. Par M. l'Abbe Mouffane.
Elemens Raifonnés de la Langue Ruffe. Par J. Baptifte Maudra.

vol.

De la Generation des Connaiflances Humaines. Par J. M. Degerando. L'Eneide, traduit en Vers. Par M. J. H. Gafton, Premier Liv aifon contenant les Quatre Premiers Livres.

Hiftoire de Sicile, traduit de l'Arabe de Nouwairi. Par le C. J. A. Cauffin, Profeffeur de la Langue Arabe au College de France.

HERALDRY.

The principal Historical and allufive Arms borne by Families of the United Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, with their refpective Authorities, collected by an Antiquary. With the Arms on Copper. plates, 4to.

HISTORY.

The Hiftory of the English Conftitution; (a neceffary Appendis the Pamphlet entitled, the Soldier's Companion, ') dedicated to the Loyal Volunteers of Great Britain. By a Solicitor of Lincoln's

Hume's

Humes's Hiftory of England, with the Continuation by Smollet. Volume I. containing No. I.-VI. with Embellishments, 8vo.

The Hiftory of the Reign of George III. to the Termination of the late War. To which is prefixed, a View of the progreffive Improvement of England in Profperity, to the Acceffion of his Majefty. 6 volumes, 8vo. By Robert Biffet, LL.D.

The Hiftory of the Revolutions of Ruffia to the Acceffion of Catharine the First, including a Review of the Manners and Cuftoms of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. By Henry Card, A.B.

An Hiftorical View of the English Government, from the Settlement of the Saxons to the Revolution in 1688. To which are fubjoined, Differtations connected with the History of the Government, from the Revolution to the prefent Time. By John Millar, Profeffor of Law in the University of Glafgow. 4 vol. 8vo.

The Hiftory of France, from the year 1790 to the Peace of Great Britain in 1802. By John Adolphus Efq. 2 vol. 8vo.

The History of the Invafion of Switzerland by the French, and the Destruction of the Democratical Republics of Schwitz, Uri, and Unterwalden. By Henry Zfchokke. Tranflated from the French of J. B. Briatte, by J. Aikin, M. D. With a Preface and Supplement by the Tranflator. 8vo. 365 pages.

LAW.

The Laws of the Coal Trade, with an Abridgement of the late Act for eftablishing a free Coal Market in the Port of London.

The Law-Journal, for Hilary and Eafter Terms 1803; comprifing original and authentic Reports of Adjudged Cafes; an Abridgement of the most important Statutes, with Comments thereon; a Review of new Law Books; ancient Authors, with Annotations on their Works; Law Tracts; original Communications from Correfpondents, and useful Tables, including Lifts of Bankrupts, distinguishing fuch as have obtained their Certificates, or Writs of Superfedeas. Conducted by Thomas Walter Williams, of the Inner Temple, Barrister at Law. Volume I. contain. ing No. I. to VI. To be continued.

Proceedings for High Treafon in Dublin in 1803, No. 1. To be cont Reports of Cafes in the High Court of Chancery, during the Time. of Lord Chancellor Eldon. By Francis Veecy, jun. Efq. No. I. (to be continued) 8vo.

The Trial of John Peltier, Esq. for a Libel againft Bonaparte, in the Court of King's Bench, in February 1803.

The Trial between Thomas Aris, Keeper of Cold Bath Fields Prifon, and William Dickie, for Slander.

A new Edition, being the 14th, of Blacktone's Commentaries on the Laws of England. With Notes and Addititions by Edward Chriftian, Efq. 4 vol. 8vo.

An Effay on Patents, intended to afhit the Inventors in procuring the Royal Grant, and to enable Patentees to prote& their Rights from Infringement. By John Dyer Collier. 870.

Obfervation