66 66 quoque Scoticâ paffim occurrunt."-" BUT Spot or falt." 3. 58.—“ BUT ony indigence." 4. 20.—“ BUT fentence ❝or ingyne.” 5.41.—“ Principal poet BUT pere.” 9. 19.— "Atque ita porro. BUT videtur dictum quafi Be-ut, pro “ quo Angli dicunt WITHOUT: unde quoque, hujus deri❝vationis intuitu, præfens hujus Particulæ acceptio vide"bitur oftendere hanc effe primarium ejus fignificationem." The extreme careleffnefs and ignorance of Junius, in this article is wonderful and beneath a comment. Skinner fays," BUT, ut ubi dicimus-" None BUT ❝he;-ab A. S. Bute, Butan, præter, nifi, fine; Hinc, “LEVI FLEXU, poftea cœpit, loco antiqui Anglo-faxonici AC, Sed, defignare. Bute autem & Butan tandem de"flecti poffunt à Præp. Be, circa; vel Beon, esse, et ure ❝ vel utan, foris." Mr. Tyrwhit in his Gloffary fays-" BUT. prep. Sax. "Without. Gloff. Ur.-I cannot fay that I have myfelf "obferved this prepofition in Chaucer, but I may have "overlooked it. The Saxons used it very frequently;" "and how long the Scottish writers have laid it afide I "am doubtful. It occurs repeatedly in Bp. Douglas." Knowing Knowing that no Englishman had yet laid this preposition afide, I was curious to fee how many fentences Mr. Tyrwhit himself had written without the use of this prepofition; and I confess I was a little disappointed in not meeting with it till the fourth page of his preface: where he says "Paffages which have nothing to recommend them to "credit, BUT the fingle circumstance of having been often "repeated." So in Chaucer throughout-" Hys ftudy was BUT lytel "on the Byble." But Mr. Tyrwhit was not aware that, in all fuch inftances, BUT is as much a prepofition, as any in the language. WITHOUT. BUT (as diftinguished from Bot) and WITHOUT have both exactly the fame meaning, that is, in modern English, neither more nor less than-Be-out. And they were both originally used indifferently either as Conjunctions or Prepositions. But later writers having adopted the false notions and diftinctions of language maintained by the Greek and Latin Grammarians, have fucceffively endeavoured to make the English Language conform more and more to the fame rules. I Accordingly WITH WITHOUT, in approved modern speech *, is now intirely confined to the Office of a Prepofition; and BUT is generally though not always used as a Conjunction. In the fame manner as Nifi and Sine in Latin are distributed; which do both likewise mean exactly the fame, with no other difference than that, in the former the negation precedes, and in the other it follows the verb. Skinner only fays," WITHOUT, ab A. s. wiðuran, "Extra." S. Johnson makes it a Preposition, an Adverb, and a Conjunction; and under the head of a Conjunction, fays, "WITHOUT, Conjunct. Unless; if not; Except-Not in ❝ use." Its true derivation and meaning are the fame as those of BUT (from Butan.) * It is however used as a Conjunction by Lord Mansfield in Horne's Trial, page 56. "It cannot be read, WITHOUT the Attorney General consents to it." And yet, if this reverend Earl's authority may be fafely quoted for any thing, it must be for Words. It is fo unfound in matter of law, that it is frequently rejected even by himself. It is nothing but the Imperative pynoutan, from the Anglo-faxon and Gothic verb peoɲðan, VAIKOAN, which in the Anglo-faxon and English languages is yoked and incorporated with the Verb Beon effe. And this will account to Mr. Tyrwhit for the remark which he has made, viz. that" By and With are often synonymous *.” In modern English we have retained only a small portion of it; but our old English authors had not lost the use of any part of this verb peoɲðan, and frequently employed it, inftead of BE, in every part of the conjugation. "But I a draught haue of that welle, In whiche my deth is and my lyfe; "My ioye is tourned in to strife, Gower. Lib. 5. Fol. 128. Pag. 2. Col. 2. "WO WOR THE the fayre gemme vertuleffe "WO WORTH that herbe also that doth no bote "WO WORTH the beaute that is routhleffe "WO WORTH that wight trede eche under fote." Chaucer. Troylus. Boke 3. Fol. 165. Pag. 1. Col. 1. * « Without and Within. Butan and Binnan: originally, I fuppofe, Bi " utan and B1 innan, By and With are often fynonymous." Gloffary. "The broche of Thebes was of fuche kynde "He wende anone to WORTHE out of his mynde." Complaynt of Mars. Fol. 343. Pag. 2. Col. 2. "Chide quhill thare hedis riffe, and hals wORTHE hace." "Sir Thopas wold out ryde "He WORTH upon his ftede gray "And in his honde a launce gay "A long fwerde by his fyde." Chaucer. Ryme of Syr Thopas. Fol. 172. Pag. 2. Col. 1. "O mother myn, that cleaped were Argyue "WO WORTH that day, that thou me bare on lyue." Troylus. Boke 3. Fol. 186. Pag. 2. Col. 1. "Than in my mynd of mony thing is I mufit, "And to the goddes of vildernes, as is ufit, Quilk Hamadriades hait, I wourfchip maid, "< Befeiking this auifioun WORTH happy, "And the orakil profperite fuld fignify.” Douglas. Booke 3. Pag. 68. "Pallas |