Your swan ?-5th boy, a white swan; Your pond?-6th boy, a deep pond. Tutor. Observe each of you, that what you apply to your nouns are adjectives or qualities; namely, small, large, black, spotted, white, deep.

Quest. Pray what is your house for? and your tree? and your dog? and your cow? and your swan? and your pond?

Answer. 1st boy, to live in ; 2nd boy, to grow tall;

3rd boy, to guard the house;

4th boy, to give milk;

5th boy, to please the sight;-to breed young;

6th boy, for the swan to swim in.

nouns and adjectives;-for live, grow, look, ride, breed, swim, are all verbs, implying an action, and as used here, are in the infinitive mood.

Quest. From what will your house protect you? and your tree and of what use is your cow? and can your pond be put to a better use?

Answers. 1st boy, the house protects us from rain and cold;

2nd boy, the tree from the sun and wind;

3rd boy, the cow for her milk; and her hide and horns for leather and combs;

4th boy, the pond may be stored with fish.

Tutor. Again, you have brought in another part of speech, namely, the prepositions, from. to, for, and with;

Tutor. Observe; you have now added verbs to your and the conjunction and.-Guide to Knowledge.

escaped with his life. He was unfortunately precipitated from the top to the very bottom of one of the pits, by which he broke his back and some of his ribs, and dislocated several of his limbs.

ARTICLE THE SECOND. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. ARTICLE THE THIRD. No soldier shall in time of peace

On his recovery from this heavy affliction, which hap-be quartered in any house without the consent of the ownpened when he was about thirty-five years old, he purchased er, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by some asses, and commenced a dealer in coals. It should law. here be observed that in the counties of Nottingham, Der- ARTICLE THE FOURTH. The right of the people to be by, York, and others adjacent, it is customary to fetch secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against coals from the pits on the backs of asses, or sometimes of unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, horses of a small description, there denominated Galloways, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supand that it is no uncommon thing to see a string of ten or ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing a dozen of those animals thus employod, belonging to one the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be person. Roberts however had but three, and with these seized. he contrived to procure subsistence for himself and his wife. He brought his coals from the pits at which he had formerly worked, and disposed of them at Nottingham. His remarkable figure soon brought him into general notice in that neighbourhood. He was very tall, but in consequence of the injury he had received from his fall, he walked almost double, supporting himself by a long, thick pole with one hand, with the other constantly on his back. He was scarcely ever seen without a short pipe in his mouth, and was always dressed in a loose frock of coarse harden, tied before, and reaching down to his ancles.

That old Tom was of an industrious disposition cannot be denied, for he often went two journies in a day. His feeling and consideration for his poor beasts was another praiseworthy trait in his character; for though he travelled so many miles, he was never known, even if ever so much fatued, to ride on any of his asses. This singularity induced some mischievous lads to play him the following trick. One evening, as he was returning from Nottingham to his humble home, he was met by two youths, who asked him why he did not ride. He returned them an abrupt answer, which irritated them so much, that they resolved he should for the first time in his life ride home on one of his beasts. They accordingly seized the poor fellow, set him on one of his asses, tied his legs underneath the animal's belly, strapped his hands behind him, and cording the other two asses to his legs on each side, they left him to travel home at his leisure. In this condition he had proceeded more than two miles, when he met with some person more humane than the wanton youths from whom he had experienced such rude treatment, and who set the poor fellow at liberty. He was ever afterwards accompanied in his journies by a boy, to prevent a repetition of the same usage.

He followed his occupation till his death, which happened in May or June 1795, in the sixty-first year of his age. If we reckon that he went only one journey in a day, he must, in the course of twenty-five years, have travelled upwards of ninety thousand miles, or nearly four times the circumference of the globe. His wife, who survived him, was not long afterwards married to a Mr. Thomas Parr, of Nottingham, but she is since dead.--British Eccentric Biography.

ARTICLE THE FIFTH. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

ARTICLE THE SIXTH. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted by the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour, and to have assistance of council for his defence.

ARTICLE THE SEVENTH. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty doilars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

ARTICLE THE EIGHTH. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE THE NINTH. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ARTICLE THE TENTH. The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

ARTICLE THE ELEVENTH. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

ARTICLE THE TWELFTH. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the persons voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-presifor as president, and of all persons voted for as vice president, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted dent, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the Senate:The president of the Senate shall in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted:-The person having the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if having the highest number not exceeding three on the list. no person have such majority, then from the persons of those voted for as president, the House of RepresentaBut in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by tives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. states, the representation from each state having one vote;

vicinity as having been somewhat singular. The people The Sussex papers describe the exhibition in their seem to have been much alarmed. They thought that the stars had in reality' shot madly from their spheres,' and that the whole economy of nature was returning to its original chaos. Daylight, which soon commenced dawning, by eclipsing the more distant stars, served to vidual that several stars had actually fallen. that he felt strengthen the illusion. Nay, so certain was one indiseriously offended at a gentleman who doubted the possibility of such an occurrence. Another person says that he kept his eye upon the morning star, resolved that if that departed, "he should give up all hope." Some person constitutionally ineligible to the office of the presi-thought that the world was about to be destroyed-others dent shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the Uni-that the day of judgment was at hand, with many more equally startling apprehensions.

tally, extending itself into a bending bar of light re- almost wish himself one. We were not therefore surmained stationary for several minutes, and gradual-prised to hear the individual who presided at the meeting

ly resumed the form of a single star, and vanished.

From the Charleston Courier.

declare, that he felt no more honored that day by the distinction conferred upon him, than he should feel on the morrow in shoving the jack-plane.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.

PUBLIC CAUTION.

We have been informed by Capt. Jackson, of the Revenue Cutter Jackson, who was at sea that night, at the distance of nine miles from land, that the Heavens were illuminated with the meteors during nearly the This document reached this city on Wednesday morning last, in whole night, as far as the eye could reach, in every 14 hours from Washington-a distance of 237 miles-being an averdirection: presenting a spectacle of uncommon mag-age of about 17 miles an hour. We shall notice this important state nificence and sublimity, attended with frequent explo- paper at some length in our next. sions resembling the discharge of small arms. We Mr. Stephenson has been re-elected Speaker of the House by learn also that a meteor of extraordinary size was ob- 140 out of 209 votes. served at sea to course the Heavens for a great length of time, and then explode with a noise of a cannon. Our devotions to the "sleepy God" debarred us the The public are cautioned against giving their names as subscrihigh gratification of being among the privileged spec-bers, for the Magazine, or making payment for the same to a person tators of the brilliant exhibition of natural fire works. of the name of Isaac Evertson, of Albany. On the strength of The following anecdote in relation to the meteoric a recommendation of said Evertson, by Mr. Bacon, the clerk of the Senate of this State, the Editor was induced to authorise him to obphenomenon is taken from the Baltimore Visitor. tain subscribers; but having found him faithless to his trust, he We understand some of the country people who hereby annuls his commission, and gives this public notice accordwere on their way to town with their marketing were ingly. sadly alarmed; a negro fellow in particular, who, believing that the last day was beginning to dawn, and knowing that the world was to be destroyed by fire, considerately drove his horse and cart into Jones' Falls, in obtaining subscribers for this paper in different sections of the

exclaiming "It's all over wid de white folks nowguess he wish he pent he sin-nigger an' white folks no better one den todder.-Fire no burn water-so I guess I get clear ob las' day dis time."

A fellow in Georgetown got himself into trouble by his fright at the meteoric phenomenon. He had just robbed a hen roost, and supposing that the day of judgment had come, he ran back and was caught while replacing his booty.

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

In the matter of conflagrations, Constantinople leaves all other - cities far behind. Within the month of August last, besides a great number of smaller fires, there was one which destroyed 250 houses, another 2000, and another 12000. In other words, about one quarter of the city was laid in ashes. By the last fire upwards of 50,000 people have been rendered houseless. It spread across the city till it reached the vacant space caused by a great conflagration several months since. The city is thus divided into two parts, with a wide spread scene of desolation between. The fire laid waste a circuit of three miles. The damage fell solely on the Turks; and the indifference which they manifested in relation to it was truly surprising. Several owners of the burned houses were to be seen, during the fury of the fire, smoking their pipes in the neighbouring coffee houses, with the most perfect indifference.

Six students have been expelled from a University in Mechlin, or Maliness in the Netherlands, for reading Voltaire.

Sir J. Herschell is about leaving England for the Cape of Good Hope, to make observations on the fixed stars in the Southern hemisphere. Eight wagons were employed in removing his tel escopes, transit instruments, and apparatus.

The assertion that the watch-word of the British army at the battle of New Orleans was "Beauty and Booty," has been recently contradicted by the principal officers who were connected with that army.

On the recent visit of Mr. Clay to Newark, N. J. the citizens presented Mrs. Clay with a carriage valued at $1000.

Hon. Francis Bloodgood, Mayor of Albany, has been indicted by the grand jury for granting tavern licenses.

The citizens of Lowell, Ms. have decided not to license a theatre, by a vote of 550 to 392.

GENERAL TRADES' UNION.

AGENTS WANTED.

ONE HUNDRED GOOD AGENTS could be advantageously employed United States.

LOCAL AGENTS.

Henry G. Woodhull, Wheatland, Western New York
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Apollos Rawson, Marshall, Oneida Co. N. Y.
Aaron Gilbert, New Lebanon, N. Y.

P. Wetmore, Canajoharie, N. Y.

J. B. Headly, New York Mills, N. Y.

Caleb Rice jun. Orleans, Ontario, Co. N. Y.

Ornaldo D. Wood, Rodman, Jefferson Co. N. Y.

D. A. M' Farlan, Plymouth, Wayne Co. M. T.

J. B. Snowdon and Co. Nashville, Ten.

Joseph Painter, Westchester, Pa.

Editor of the Germantown Telegraph, Germantown, Pa.
John A. Weed, Norwalk, Ct.

Austin Hayden, Pittsfield Ms.

Thos. S. Robinson, Richmondville, Lincoln Co. Me.
Rev. Ray Potter, Pawtucket, R. I.

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The Address before this body on Monday afternoon last, at Chatham-st. chapel, was a most magnificent and masterly performance. We have seldom listened to such bursts of thrilling eloquence. Mr. Moore is one of na-furnished with ten copies. ture's own orators; and unless we greatly mistake, he is destined to become one of our most distinguished public speakers. He is rather of the Demosthenean than the Ciceronian stamp, self-taught, natural, original, lucid as noon-day, and impetuous as the tornado. His Address was peculiarly calculated to elevate the mechanic to his appropriate sphere in society, and to make every hearer

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VOL. I.

OR

WEEKLY ABSTRACT OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE.

NEW-YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1833.

No. 35.

NATURAL HISTORY,

[From Good's Book of Nature]

ON THE EXTERNAL SENSES OF ANIMALS-CONTINUED.

In many animals of the three classes of amphibials, insects, and worms, the most dreadful wounds that can be inflicted, unless actually mortal, seem hardly to accelerate death; and hence we have a decisive proof that the pain endured by such animals must be very considerably and almost infinitely less than would be suffered by animals of a more perfect kind, and especially by man; since in these, the pain itself, and the sympathetic fever which follows as its necessary result, would be sufficient to kill them independently of any other cause.

usual delicacy and precision are required; in man this pe-
culiar power of touch is well known to be seated in the
nervous papillæ of the tongue, lips, and extremities of the
fingers. Its situation in other animals I shall advert to
presently.
The differences in the external senses of the different
orders and kinds of animals, consist in their number and
degree of energy.

All the classes of vertebral animals possess the same
number of senses as man. Sight is wanted in zoophytes,
in various kinds of moluscous and articulated worms, and
in the larves of several species of insects. Hearing does
not exist, or at least has not been traced to exist, in many
molluscous worms, and several insects in a perfect state.
Taste and smell, like the general and simple sense of
any animal.
touch, seem seldom wanting in

The local sense of touch, however, or that which is of a more elaborate character, and capable of being excercised in a higher degree, appears to be confined to the three classes of mammals, birds, and insects: and even in the last two it is by no means common to all of them, and less so among insects than among birds.

The life of man is in jeopardy upon the fracture or amputation of a limb; and even at times when his body has been spattered over with a charge of small shot, or only of gunpowder. But M. Ribaud, with a spirit of experimenting that I will not justify, has struck different beetles through with pins, and cut and lacerated others in the severest manner, all of which lived through their usual time of life as though no injury had been committed on them. Vaillant wishing to preserve a locust of the Cape of Good In apes and macaucoes, constituting the quadrumana of Hope, took out the intestines, and filled the abdomen with Blumenbach, it resides partly in the tongue and tips of cotton, and then fixed it down by a pin through the chest; the fingers, as in man, but equally, and in some species yet after five months the animal still moved its feet and (ursus lotor) it exists chiefly in the under surface of the even in a superior degree, in their toes. In the racoon In the beginning of November, Redi opened the skull of front toes. In the horse and cattle orders, it is supposed a land-tortoise, and excavated it of the whole brain. by most nauralists to exist conjointly in the tongue and expressly tells us that the tortoise did not seem to suffer: snout, and in the pig and mole to be confined to the snout it moved about as before, but groped for its path, for the alone; this however is uncertain; as it is also, though there eyes closed soon after losing the brain, and never opened seems to be more reason for such a belief, that in the eleagain. A fleshy integument was produced, which cover-phant it is seated in the proboscis. Some physiologists ed the opening of the skull, but the instinctive power of have supposed the bristly hairs of the tiger, lion, and cat, the living principle was incompetent to renew the brain, to be an organ of the same kind; but there seems little and in the ensuing May, six months afterwards, the ani- ground for such an opinion. In the opossum (and especially the Cayenne opossum) it exists very visibly in the tail; and M. Cuvier suspects that it has a similar existence in all the phrensile-tailed mammals.

antennas.

mal died.*

He

Spallanzani has incontestibly proved that the snail has the power of reproducing a new head when decapitated: but it should be remarked that the brain of the snail does

not exist in its head.

I will not pursue this argument any farther: it is in many respects painful and abhorrent, and consists of experiments in which I never have been, and trust I never shall be, a participant. But I avail myself of the facts themselves in order to establish an important conclusion in physiology, which I could not so well have established

without them.

Let us turn to a more cheerful subject, and examine a few of those peculiarities in the external senses which characterize the different classes and orders of animals, so far as we are acquainted with such distinctions; and admire the wisdom which they display.

The only sense which seems common to animals, and which pervades almost the whole surface of their bodies, is that of general touch or feeling; whence M. Cuvier supposes that the material of touch is the sensorial power in its simplest and uncompounded state; and that the other senses are only modifications of this material, though peculiarly elaborated by peculiar organs, which are also capable of receiving more delicate impressions.† Touch, however, has its peculiar local organ, as well as the other senses, for particular purposes, and purposes in which un

* Dalzell's Introd. to his Transl. of Spallanzani, p. xiv. + Anatom. Comparat. i. 25.

in the same organ in the platypus, or onithorhynchus, as Blumenbach supposes the same sense to have a place he calls it, that most extraordinary duck-billed quadruped which has lately been discovered in Australia, and, by its intermixture of organs, confounds the different classes of animals, and sets all natural arrangement at defiance.

The local organ of touch or feeling in ducks and geese, and some other genera of birds, appears to be situated in the integument which covers the extremity of the mandibles, and especially the upper mandible, with which apparatus they are well known to feel for their food in the midst of mud in which they can neither see nor perhaps smell it.

We do not know that amphibials, fishes, or worms, possess any thing like a local sense of touch: it has been suspected in some of these, and especially in the arms of the cuttle-fish, and in the tentacles of worms that possess but at present it is suspicion, and nothing

this organ;

more.

such a sense to reside in the antennas, or in the tentacles; In the insect tribes, we have much reason for believing whence the former of these are denominated by the German naturalists fuhlhorner or feeliug-horns. This belief has not been fully established, but it is highly plausible, from the general possession of the one or the other of these organs by the insect tribes, the general purpose to which they apply them, and the necessity which there