for a student of this matter to confine himself and his thought to Hübner's "Tentamen" as it would be for a man endeavoring to write a life of Christ to confine himself to the Gospel according to St. Matthew and to omit all reference to the other three gospels. The gospels supplement each other. The "Verzeichniss" explains the "Tentamen" and shows beyond the shadow of a doubt that he is in error who accepts the names in the "Tentamen," which look like generic names, as being such in reality. The "Verzeichniss" shows clearly that Hübner did not intend them to be so used. He simply cites certain species as representative of what he intended to include in his proposed Stirpes.

Passing from this critical examination of the subject, it should be said that the International Commission on Nomenclature has done right in deciding that the "Tentamen" was, as all students who have investigated the matter understand it to have been, merely a circular letter. Although it was printed on paper (typewriters, hectographs and other manifolding devices were unknown in Hübner's day) it was not published as "a zoological record."

In this connection I can not refrain from quoting a sentence contained in a letter received from my honored friend, Dr. F. A. Bather, of the British Museum, who anent the question of the "Tentamen❞ says: "I think it is perfectly awful to decide that a man can not ask the opinion of his friends as to the value of certain names without being thereby committed to them eternally." All that Hübner did in the "Tentamen" was to circularize his acquaintances, and he would turn in his grave if he imagined that his private correspondence, forgotten until S. H. Scudder published a facsimile of the letter in 1873, was being employed to upset the system he published in the "Verzeichniss," as well as to upset a system of nomenclature based in large part on his patient labors, but improved by those who have come after him, and which has been practically in use for a century.

Certain workers in the field of terminology, obsessed with the idea that by slavish obedience to the "law of priority" they can establish a final and satisfactory nomenclature, should be reminded that consistent usage, covering a century, or more, in the use of names, is also not to be disregarded. "A rose under any other name would smell as sweet." But roses are roses; they are not cabbages; and, when some man reminds me that certain roses long ago and even recently have been called "cabbage-roses" and tells me that I must therefore call all roses cabbages, because in combination cabbage "has priority" over rose, I naturally am ruffled.

As a student of the lepidoptera for sixty years

and with the entire literature of the subject at my fingers' tips, I object emphatically to having the terminology of my favorite science upset by efforts which, however well meant, show that those who are making them possess "more zeal than knowledge."

Opinion 97 will be accepted by all thorough students of the terminology of the lepidoptera with gratification. The thanks of the lepidopterists of the world are due to the Commission for the Opinion which they have handed down. It will tend mightily to clear up a situation which has been most annoying to students of the lepidoptera, as well as the great public, including compilers of dictionaries and encyclopedias. Only recently I received a letter from a young correspondent who said to me: "What is the matter? Why are they always changing the names of the butterflies? I have arranged my collection using the generic names given in your Butterfly Book. Must I now call my Argynnids Dryases; my Vanessas Hamadryases?" I answered him by saying, "No! The generic names Argynnis and Vanessa have been used prevalently by reputable scientists for a hundred and twenty-five years. You have the authority of all the leading writers in the world for their use."

It is high time that trifling in matters of zoological nomenclature should come to an end. As the croupier at Monte Carlo says, when a too ardent player strives to lay down his belated stakes on the table: “Le jeu est fait. Rien ne va plus!"

W. J. HOLLAND

GEORGE BISHOP SUDWORTH THE recent death at his home in Chevy Chase, Md., on May 10, of George Bishop Sudworth, for more than forty years the dendrologist of the United States Forest Service, removes from the scientific world a man who at the time of his death was unquestionably the most eminent living authority on forest trees in the United States, and one of the greatest in the world.

Born at Kingston, Wisconsin, in 1864, he attended the country schools of those days and studied botany, ornithology, dendrology and kindred sciences. He was graduated eventually, however, from the University of Michigan, as a physician and surgeon. After a year of teaching botany at the Michigan Agricultural College, he surrendered to his natural desire for the open, and was appointed botanist and dendrologist to the old division of forestry in the U. S. Department of Agriculture on August 31, 1888, and from that date forestry became his life work. Mr. Sudworth was the oldest member of the Forest Service in point of years of service. Just a few weeks

prior to his death his revision of his well-known "Check List of Forest Trees of the United States, their Names and Ranges," first published in 1898, was issued; a work of which he was extremely proud and which was unquestionably the crowning event of his busy life, a monument to his energy, ability and knowledge of forestry.

It is interesting to note that in the twenty-seven years between the date of the original publication of this valuable work in 1898 and this latest revision, more than 570 additional trees have been listed, the total number of different sorts of trees printed in the revision being 1,177.

In this new check list Mr. Sudworth has performed a valuable service in bringing order out of the bewildering mass of local tree names. This was a work in which he was greatly interested not only because of its value to the student and the professional forester but also as a protection to the public against deception in the purchase of lumber.

In addition to the "Check List," Mr. Sudworth published "Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope," "Cypress and Juniper Trees of the Rocky Mountain Region," "Spruce and Balsam Fir Trees of the Rocky Mountain Region," and "Pine Trees of the Rocky Mountain Region." Besides the works mentioned he wrote and published many other bulletins and papers on dendrology and other lines of practical as well as scientific forestry.

Mr. Sudworth was greatly interested in boy scout organizations. The section in the Boy Scout Manual devoted to tree identification was one of his contributions to that movement.

His knowledge of trees was based on broad field experiences and explorations. He knew the woods as a practical woodsman as well as scientist. He explored almost every nook and corner of the United States in search of new trees and information regarding doubtful species. During his years in the Forest Service he became thoroughly acquainted with all of the National Forests, and his explorations and discoveries have been invaluable aids in the administration and protection of the National Forests. While he always claimed a special fondness for the oak family, he undoubtedly discovered and named more new trees of every kind than any other modern American forester. Those who have been with Mr. Sudworth in the woods were always greatly impressed with his powers of close observation and keenness in discovering apparently new varieties of forest trees or deviations from established types. His wonderful memory and his ability to locate without referring to books or notes the exact place and time where he had seen trees of approximately the same kind were always matters of profound surprise.

During his explorations in the field, especially in the western United States, he was the victim of numerous unfortunate accidents which brought from him the remark one day to the effect that it seemed to him that he was destined never to die in his bed. One of his most thrilling experiences was in 1910 while exploring the high mountain regions of the Cochetopa National Forest in Colorado. He and a forest ranger were caught at timberline in an unexpected snowstorm about twenty miles from the ranger station. His horse stumbled in the deep snow and fell from the trail, Mr. Sudworth being caught beneath the animal. Cleared of the horse, he found he had broken two ribs and his collar bone. The horse was uninjured, and Mr. Sudworth, assisted by the ranger, mounted and rode about ten miles to an abandoned Mexican hut, arriving there just about nightfall suffering untold agonies from his injuries. Owing to the storm, it was absolutely impossible for them to travel further and they remained in the cabin that night, their only food being potatoes, of which they found a sack in the cellar of the cabin. During their enforced stay, Mr. Sudworth with his early knowledge of surgery did what he could to make himself comfortable, cutting up a saddle blanket into strips with which he bound his body to support the broken ribs and protect his collar bone from further injury. At noon the next day the storm broke and they managed to reach a small hamlet where a young medical student was living, who, assisted by Mr. Sudworth, did everything that could be done with their limited resources to relieve his suffering. In this condition he rode in a wagon for about twenty-five miles to the nearest railroad and took the train for Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he placed himself under the care of an experienced surgeon who found the temporary remedies used very satisfactory. He had at least two other such accidents, equally serious but from which he emerged without permanent injury.

Mr. Sudworth was one of the most lovable, kindly, companionable men imaginable. Every man in the Forest Service was his friend, and many a forest ranger and his wife hidden away in some government station in the western mountains will mourn sincerely the news of his untimely death. To spend a month with him in the forests, as did the writer, was at once an education and a privilege; a never-tobe-forgotten experience.

He was a member of the Washington Academy of Sciences, the Biological Society of Washington, the Botanical Society of Washington, the Society of American Foresters, the American Forestry Association, and an honorary member of the Finska Forstsamfundet, a Danish forestry association.

MEMORIAL OF THE RESEARCH CLUB OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

IN the deaths of Wm. J. Hussey, Alfred H. Lloyd and Francis W. Kelsey the Research Club mourns the loss of three most distinguished members, who were not only able research workers but were even better known for their promotion of research and of the facilities for research.

Professor William Joseph Hussey achieved international distinction through his contributions to Astronomy, especially in the field of binary stars, and brought his department in the University of Michigan to the point where it was regarded as one of the foremost in his subject in the United States. Products of his efforts in the direction of provision for research are found in the additions to the Observatory of the University of Michigan, the now active La Plata Observatory and the Lamont Southern Observatory in process of erection in South Africa. Products of his research are found in the volumes of the Lick, the La Plata, and the Detroit Observatories, and in considerably more than one hundred papers in various astronomical journals.

Dean Alfred Henry Lloyd, a philosopher who pondered the problems of ultimate being and made great progress in ordering man's conception of them, had an influence on research which can not be measured by the five books and numerous articles published by him. As graduate dean he gave every encouragement to the promotion and publication of investigations in every field and made many innovations in organization and in obtaining funds that were of great assistance in themselves and set precedents that promise much for the future.

Professor Francis Willey Kelsey was elected to the Research Club within recent years, though he had long been known as an able scholar and a tireless worker both in organizing research and in gathering material for it. His most conspicuous achievement

during his earlier period was the establishment of the University of Michigan Studies, Humanistic Series, of which the 21st volume will appear this year. His own published books were either textbooks or translations, two of which, however, the Mau-Kelsey Pompeii, and Hugo Crotius Law of War and Peace, contained much original work. Most of his research work, however, is found in shorter papers, which appeared in the various classical journals. In 1920 he organized the Near East Expedition of the University, which has already made Michigan the leading American university in its collections of papyri, manuscripts and archeological material. The value of the research which his efforts have occasioned and will continue to make possible can not be over-estimated.

THE NATIONAL ARBORETUM

FOLLOWING One of the provisions of the act of the last congress establishing a National Arboretum at Washington, Secretary of Agriculture Jardine has announced the membership of the advisory council, which is to plan and develop the arboretum. The members are Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C., member of the board of regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Chairman; Dr. L. H. Bailey, Ithaca, New York; Henry S. Graves, dean of the School of Forestry, Yale University; Harlan P. Kelsey, Salem, Mass.; John C. Merriam, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington; Mrs. Frank B. Noyes, Washington, D. C., chairman of the District of Columbia committee of the Garden Club of America; Frederick Law Olmsted, Brookline, Mass., former president of the American Society of Landscape Architects; Mrs. Harold I. Pratt, Glen Cove, L. I., secretary of the Garden Club of America; Robert Pyle, West Grove, Pa., director of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

The act authorizing the secretary of agriculture to establish the National Arboretum is as follows:

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to establish and maintain a national arboretum for purpose of research and education concerning tree and plant life. For the purpose of this Act, (1) the President is authorized to transfer to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture by Executive order any land which now belongs to the United States within or adjacent to the District of Columbia located along the Anacostia River north of Benning Bridge, and (2) the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized in his discretion to acquire, within the limits of the appropriation authorized by this Act by private purchase, condemnation proceedings, or gift, land so located or other land within or adjacent to the District of Columbia: Provided, That the purchase price of any part of said land shall not ex

ceed the full value assessment of such property last made before purchase thereof plus 25 per centum of such assessed value.

SEC. 2. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated a sum not to exceed $300,000, to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture for the acquisition of land as specified in Section 1. No payment shall be made by the United States for any such land until the title thereto is satisfactory to the Attorney-General and is vested in the United States.

SEC. 3. In order to stimulate research and discovery the national arboretum established by the Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with the provisions of this Act shall be under competent scientific direction. The arboretum shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture separately from the agricultural, horticultural and forestry stations of the Department of Agriculture, but it shall be so correlated with them as to bring about the most effective utilization of its facilities and discoveries. SEC. 4. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to create an advisory council in relation to the plan and development of the national arboretum to be established under this Act, to include representatives of national organizations interested in the work of the arboretum.

MOSQUITO CONTROL

COLONEL S. P. JAMES, M.D., of England, and Professor N. H. Swellengrebel, of Holland, interchange observers of the Malaria Commission of the Health Secretariat of the League of Nations, are visiting the United States to inspect mosquito eradication and control methods. According to a statement made by Dr. Hugh S. Cumming, Surgeon-General of the U. S. Public Health Service, they will visit, primarily, the southern areas of the United States, where modern methods of mosquito control are being used with a view to eradicating the purveyors of malaria. Methods which they consider practical will be introduced into European countries where malaria is present. They also will endeavor to advise health authorities in this country on the procedure employed in Europe in mosquito control. They are making the inspection trip in the United States as the guests of the International Health Board, with which the Public Health Service is cooperating.

Accompanying Colonel James and Dr. Swellengrebel is Colonel F. F. Russell, U. S. Army, retired, who Dr. Cumming stated is the man chiefly responsible for anti-typhoid vaccinations in the army. Colonel Russell is now affiliated with the International Health Board.

Dr. Cumming also pointed out that the United States is recognized as the country foremost in developing malaria control measures, and has evolved many methods of eradication, both of malaria and of mosquitoes that convey the disease.

One of the latest methods employed by the Public Health Service in cooperation with other government agencies is the use of airplanes in spraying a potent mixture of Paris green over marshy areas that were breeding grounds for mosquitoes. This method has proved eminently successful, and also has proved to be an economical method both from the standpoints of time consumed and money expended.

AWARD OF THE LANGLEY MEDAL

THE fourth award of the Langley Medal of the Smithsonian Institution was made on June 11, to Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh. On behalf of the Board of Regents, Dr. Abbot made the presentation to Colonel Lindbergh in person at the National Press Club reception in the Washington Auditorium, on June 11. Dr. Abbot said:

The Smithsonian Institution knows how to appreciate the pioneering work of brave men. You will recall, as a single example, our honored one-armed hero, Major Powell, who dared for science the first passage of the uncharted raging waters of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, strapped in his boat. We are not less stirred to admiration by your own daring in the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris over the boisterous Atlantic through icy clouds that threatened death.

Nor is the institution failing to appreciate, sir, the precious results in the encouragement of aviation, in the strengthening of ties of international friendship, and in the progress of science, which have already begun to flow from your achievement.

The Smithsonian has in its gift a medal which commemorates the name of Samuel Pierpont Langley, the third secretary of this institution. He had the audacity to believe in the practicability of the art of flying when all men were ridiculing it; and he adventured his own high reputation as a man of science to lay the groundwork of exact experiments, and to make pioneering flights of large models, which demonstrated the soundness of his faith. The Langley Medal has hitherto been presented to Wilbur and Orville Wright, to Glenn H. Curtiss and to Gustave Eiffel. Thus it is from all points of view the medal of pioneers. It is highly fitting that it should now be awarded to you, sir, the pioneer of audacious, solitary flight to distant shores.

Therefore, acting on the unanimous recommendation of an eminent committee of award, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution have voted to you the Langley Medal, and have recorded their action in this paper signed by the chancellor, Mr. Chief Justice Taft, which I now present to you.

The actual medal, in gold, is being struck in Paris. I hope that when it is received you may do the institution the honor to appear on some suitable occasion and receive it in person.

fessor of pathology of the School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester; on William Buckhout Greeley, chief forester of the United States; on Commander Richard E. Byrd, first aviator to fly over the North Pole, and on Charles L. Lawrence, designer of aeronautical engines.

THE University of Wisconsin has conferred the honorary degree of doctor of science on Dr. George David Birkhoff, professor of mathematics in Harvard University, on Dr. Frank Baldwin Jewett, president of the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., and on Dean De Witt Lewis, surgeon-in-chief to the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

THE doctorate of laws of the University of Rochester was conferred on Dr. Michael Idvorsky Pupin, who gave the commencement address, and the doctorate of science on Dr. Harrison E. Howe, editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and on Elon H. Eaton, professor of biology at Hobart and William Smith Colleges.

HARVARD UNIVERSITY has conferred the degree of doctor of science .on Dr. George Edmund de Schweinitz, the oculist, of Philadelphia.

DR. ALICE HAMILTON, assistant professor of industrial medicine at Harvard University, received the degree of doctor of science at the commencement exercises of Smith College.

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE has conferred the degree of doctor of laws on Dr. Max Mason, president of the University of Chicago, and the degree of doctor of science on Professor Dayton C. Miller, of the Case School of Applied Science, and on Professor Frank P. Brackett, director of the observatory of Pomona College.

THE University of Georgia has conferred upon Professor Andrew H. Patterson, head of the department of physics at the University of North Carolina, the degree of doctor of science.

AT its graduation exercises, the Massachusetts Agricultural College conferred the honorary degree of doctor of laws on Dr. Edward M. Lewis, president of the University of New Hampshire.

DR. WILLIAM E. WICKENDEN received the degree of doctor of engineering at the commencement exercises of the Worcester Institute of Technology.

GUSTAVE WHYTE THOMPSON, chief chemist of the National Lead Company, delivered the graduation address at the Armour Institute commencement exercises in Chicago and received the honorary degree of doctor of science.

AT the ninety-third annual commencement exercises of Franklin College, Franklin, Ind., Dr. Harry Edgar