The combined financial position and requirements when this enterprise is completed are estimated as follows:

15,000,000 $60,650,000

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS ACCORDING to a cable to the New York Times, Dr. Julius Wagner-Jauregg, professor of neuropathology at the University of Vienna, has been awarded the Nobel prize in medicine for 1927, for his discovery of the malaria treatment for paresis. The Nobel prize

in medicine for 1926 is said to have been awarded to Professor Johannes Fibiger, professor of pathological anatomy at Copenhagen.

THE Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia presented on November 1 the John Scott medal and $1,000 to each of the following: Dr. Afranio de Amaral, director of the Antivenin Institute of America, will receive the prize for the preparation of antivenins. Dr. Alfred Fabian Hess, clinical professor of pediatrics at the University and Bellevue Medical School and Hospital, will be honored for his discovery of the method of producing a vitamin factor in food by the use of ultra-violet rays. A prize will go to Dr. Peyton Rous, of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, for separating from tumor cells of fowls a substance which produces the disease. The John Scott medal was established by a bequest to the city of Philadelphia in the will of John Scott, a chemist of Edinburgh, Scotland, who died in 1816.

THE unveiling of an oil portrait of Dr. Frank Bill

THE British Iron and Steel Institute recently awarded the Carnegie gold medal for the year 1925 to A. L. Curtis, Westmoor Laboratory, Chatteris, in recognition of his research work on steel moulding sand.

CHARLES A. LINDBERGH will receive the Hubbard gold medal of the National Geographic Society from the hands of President Coolidge at the Washington auditorium on November 14.

DR. L. O. HOWARD calls the attention of the editor of SCIENCE to the fact that, on page 391 of SCIENCE for October 28, he is made to appear as "the only American honorary member of the Academy of Agriculture of France." He states that the word "hon

orary" should have been omitted, since this French Academy has no honorary members. He is, however, the only American member.

AT the annual meeting of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences the following officers were elected: President, Edwin B. Wilson; vice-president for class I, Arthur E. Kennelly; vice-president for class II, George H. Parker; vice-president for class III, George L. Kittredge; corresponding secretary, Robert P. Bigelow; recording secretary, Charles B. Gulick; treasurer, Ingersoll Bowditch; librarian, Harry M. Goodwin; editor, William S. Franklin.

OFFICERS of Delta Omega, the national honorary public health society, were elected on October 19, 1927, as follows: President, Dr. C.-E. A. Winslow, of the Yale School of Medicine; vice-president, Major Edgar E. Hume; secretary-treasurer, Dr. James A. Tobey, of New York. Chapters of the society are now established at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, the Harvard School of Public

the Yale School of Medicine, the University of Michigan and the University of California.

DR. AUGUSTUS TROWBRIDGE, professor of physics in Princeton University, has been appointed dean of the Princeton graduate school in succession to Dean An

drew Fleming West, who has retired. For the last three years Dr. Trowbridge has been on leave in order to act as adviser to the International Education Board in the appropriation of money for the development of scientific research in European laboratories.

DR. DEAN LEWIS, professor of surgery at the Johns Hopkins Medical School, has been appointed a member of the medical council of the U. S. Veterans' Bureau.

J. E. MORRISON, secretary of the San Diego, California, Chamber of Mines, has been appointed honorary curator of minerals at the Natural History Museum, San Diego.

DR. FLOYD DEEDS has resigned from the position of assistant professor of pharmacology, at Stanford University, to take the position of pharmacologist at the U. S. Hygienic Laboratory, Washington, D. C.

DR. GUY W. CLARK, formerly assistant professor of pharmacology in the University of California Medical School, at Berkeley, has resigned to become director of the pharmaceutic department of the Lederle Antitoxin Laboratories.

DR. HAROLD E. JONES, assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has been appointed director of research at the newly created Institute of Child Welfare, of the University of California.

DR. CARL TEN BROECK, professor of bacteriology at the Peking Union Medical College, China, has been elected a member of the scientific staff of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, and not to the board of scientific directors, as was incorrectly stated in an item reprinted in SCIENCE.

PROFESSOR G. RAMON, of the Pasteur Institute, Paris, is at present a guest research worker in the Connaught laboratories, University of Toronto.

PROFESSOR BERNARD NEBEL, of the University at Halle, is visiting the University of California, through an International Education Board fellowship. Professor Nebel spent previously six months in Geneva, New York.

DR. ANDREW M. MACMAHON, recently of the University of Chicago, is abroad for 1927-28 to study the subject of electrical conduction in solids with Professors Franck, Pohl and Born at the University of Göttingen.

DR. THOMAS A. JAGGAR, director of the U. S. Geological Survey station at the Mount Kilauea Volcanic Laboratory, in Hawaii, will lead an expedition to the Pavlof Volcano group of islands off the Alaskan Peninsula next April, according to an announcement by Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, president of the National Geographic Society. The scope of the expedition next

year includes the study of volcanology, physiography, wild life and botany. Complete plans for the work, and for the personnel, which will include specialists in these fields to be sent by the society, are not yet finished.

COLIN C. SANBORN, of the Captain Marshall Field Brazilian expedition, has returned from southern Brazil with further specimens of mammals, birds and reptiles for the museum.

NIELS NIELSEN, the Danish explorer, has returned to Denmark after an expedition to unknown parts of the interior of Iceland.

DR. ORLAND E. WHITE, formerly curator of plant breeding and economic plants at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, has returned from Europe to assume his new work as professor of agricultural biology and director of the Blandy Experimental Farm at the University of Virginia. While in Europe, Dr. White read a paper on "Mutation, Adaptation, Temperature Differences and Geographical Distribution in Plants" before the Fifth International Congress of Genetics at Berlin.

DR. SVEN INGVAR, instructor in neurology at the University of Lund, has accepted an invitation to lecture this year at the Johns Hopkins University and has left Sweden for the United States.

DR. F. H. ALBEE, professor of orthopedic surgery at the New York Post-Graduate Hospital, has been invited by the Rumanian government to give a series of lectures and demonstrations, and is now on his way to Rumania.

DR. RUFUS I. COLE, director of the Hospital for Infectious Diseases of the Rockefeller Institute, gave on October 18 the first DeLamar lecture in hygiene before the School of Hygiene and Public Health of the Johns Hopkins University on "Acute Pulmonary Infections."

DR. JOHN C. MERRIAM, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, will address a meeting of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, November 4, on "Science and the Appreciation of Nature."

A TABLET was recently installed at Williamstown, Vt., in honor of Thomas Davenport, blacksmith, pioneer inventor and builder in 1834 of an electric motor, to which a patent was granted which would cover, it is said, if still in force, every electric motor in existence.

A MEMORIAL service for Louis Agassiz Fuertes, whose accidental death occurred on August 22, was held on October 30 at Cornell University, with Dr. Livingston Farrand presiding. Dr. Arthur A. Allen, professor of ornithology; Romeyn Berry, graduate man

ager of athletics, and Dr. Frank M. Chapman, curator of ornithology at the American Museum of Natural History, were the speakers.

A DINNER celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Marcelin Berthelot was held in New York on October 25, at which Dr. John H. Finley presided. Other speakers included Ambassador Paul Claudel, of France; Dr. Charles H. Herty, technical adviser of the Chemical Foundation, and Dr. L. H. Baekeland. Coincident with the dinner, a ceremony honoring Berthelot was held in the Pantheon in Paris, at which many American universities and scientific societies were represented.

DR. W. GILMAN THOMPSON, emeritus professor of medicine at the Cornell University Medical College, died on October 27, aged seventy years.

DR. HOLMES C. JACKSON, dean of the New York University Dental College for the last two years and previously professor of physiology in the Medical School, died on October 25 at the age of fifty-two

years.

DR. JULIA WARNER SNOW, associate professor of botany in Smith College and a specialist in freshwater algae, died on October 24.

DR. BENJAMIN DAYDON JACKSON, the British botanist, curator of the Linnean Collections, died on October 12, in his eighty-second year, following an automobile accident.

THE death is announced of Dr. Prenaut, professor of histology in the faculty of medicine at Paris.

THE second International Conference for Plant Protection has been scheduled to meet in November, 1928, to coincide with the ninth general assembly of the International Institute of Agriculture.

THE forty-fifth stated meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union will be held in Washington, D. C., from November 14 to 17, by invitation from the presiIdent of the union on behalf of the United States National Museum and the Washington members. The headquarters for the meeting will be at The Mayflower, where the business meetings also will be held. The public sessions will be held in the U. S. National Museum.

AN Organic Chemistry Symposium will be held at Columbus, Ohio, from December 29 to 31, 1927. The program will occupy the morning, afternoon and evening of each day. Only fifteen papers will be presented. Besides these there will be five colloquia on subjects of general interest to organic chemists. Those who will present papers were chosen by a general ballot of the organic division of the American Chemical Society last spring. They are as follows: Roger Adams, University of Illinois; Homer Adkins, Uni

versity of Wisconsin; James B. Conant, Harvard University; Graham Edgar, Ethyl Gasoline Corporation; Wm. L. Evans, Ohio State University; E. C. Franklin, Stanford University; H. S. Fry, University of Cincinnati; Charles H. Herty, The Chemical Foundation; Arthur J. Hill, Yale University; C. S. Hudson, Bureau of Standards; Oliver Kamm, Parke, Davis & Co.; E. C. Kendall, The Mayo Foundation; J. A. Nieuwland, University of Notre Dame; James F. Norris, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; R. R. Renshaw, New York University.

THE Captain Marshall Field paleontological expeditions to Argentina and Bolivia, 1922-1927, have finished work in South America and are shortly returning to Chicago via the West Coast and Panama.

THE hunt for a fossil deposit in the mountains of Utah, lost for fifty years, has come to an end with the receipt by the Smithsonian Institution of a collection of fossil trilobites from Mr. Frank Beckwith, of Delta, Utah. One of the pioneer geological surveys which opened up the West more than a half century ago discovered in the House Range of Utah a deposit of excellently preserved fossil trilobites. These old collections are now in the Smithsonian Institution. In later years Dr. Charles D. Walcott, late secretary of the institution, revisited the region a number of times and tried to find more material, but did not succeed in finding the exact spot.

It

THE Richard Loeb unit of the Hopkins Marine Station at Pacific Grove, for which the Rockefeller Foundation provided $100,000, has been begun. will be a concrete structure just west of the present main building. An interesting feature will be the outdoor salt-water tank, which will be built in such a way as to look like the rock on which the station stands, in order to interfere as little as possible with the appearance of the site.

THE American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, representing a membership of about 56,000 engineers, will join in giving to the University of Louvain a clock and carillon for its library tower as a memorial to American engineers who died in the World War.

A COLLECTION of four hundred and sixty-five engravings of famous old hospitals and distinguished surgeons from the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has been given to the new University of Chicago Medical Schools by Charles B. Pike, of Chicago, who made a trip to Europe expressly to collect them. The university is collecting one hundred

portraits of leading contemporary physicians and surgeons to intersperse with the Charles B. Pike collection throughout the hospital. Dr. Frank Webster Jay, Evanston physician, has given the Frank Webster Jay collection of medical prints to the university for the hospital. Five hundred and fifty-five portraits, prints and autographed letters of distinguished physicians and surgeons are included in the collection.

PRESIDENT HAROLD S. BOARDMAN, of the University of Maine, has announced that the income from $100,000 bequeathed to the university by the late Thomas U. Coe, of Bangor, is to be used as a foundation for research, with the provision that such research work shall have some bearing on the development of the State of Maine. The faculty will suggest a list of research projects. The money became available to the university early this month.

A $1,000,000 foundation to assure perpetual effort toward making better leather through scientific research, has been started by the Tanners' Council of America. For five years the Tanners' Council laboratory has been maintained at the University of Cincinnati and the intent of the council is to make this laboratory a permanent institution and to stimulate leather studies elsewhere.

THE U. S. Bureau of Standards has announced the establishment of a research associateship in its textile section by the Cotton Textile Institute. The institute represents the cotton industry and the connection thus formed assures the proper functioning of the facilities of the bureau, in so far as cotton is concerned, along

lines which will serve those most in need of authoritative data. The investigations mutually agreed upon are based primarily on the needs of the consumer. A. A. Mercier, who has been in charge of the experimental cotton mill at the bureau for a number of years, has been selected as a research associate for this work.

THE U. S. Weather Bureau has opened a thirdorder station at Cape Gracias, Nicaragua, to take the place of the one formerly in operation at Swan Island, West Indies, which was closed on August 31. The Tropical Radio Telegraph Company maintains a radio station at Cape Gracias, from which meteorological observations are now radioed twice a day. This service will operate the year round.

ACCORDING to the Experiment Station Record, headquarters for the Ohio-Mississippi Valley Forest Experiment Station, operated by the U. S. Forest Service as one of its regional stations, have been selected at Columbus, Ohio, in affiliation with the Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. The region to be covered includes Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, western Kentucky and Ten

nesse and northern Arkansas, and a series of branch stations will be established in this territory. Field work has already been begun with a study of the growth of oaks in the vicinity of Portsmouth, Ohio. The initial appropriation of $30,000 will permit of a technical staff of five men. E. F. McCarthy, assistant director of the Appalachian Forest Station at Asheville, N. C., has been appointed director.

LARGER quarters at the Johns Hopkins University Medical School have been devoted to a study of causes of deafness; eventually, according to the Journal of the American Medical Association, it is planned to have the new enterprise reach the proportions of an independent clinic, and to extend the work to the whole field of maladies of the ear. The director of this work is Dr. Samuel J. Crowe, clinical professor of laryngology and otology; Dr. Stacy R. Guild is in charge of the laboratory. The Rockefeller General Education Board, members of the Dupont family and others have given financial aid.

A STATION at which useful insect parasites are kept and bred for the benefit of agriculture has been established by the Empire Marketing Board in London. Parasites are shipped all over the empire, wherever they are needed to destroy noxious insects or plants.

ACCORDING to a statement issued by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the McKay Creek reclamation project reservoir, Umatilla County, Ore., together with small legal subdivisions of adjoining land, has been made a federal bird refuge by executive order. The refuge will be under the administration of the Biological Survey of the department. This reservoir, which is situated about six miles southwest of Pendleton, will provide a good resting place for waterfowl. Even though the refuge itself is not a specially good feeding ground, there are excellent feeding grounds in the adjacent region. The lands themselves included in the refuge are under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior for reclamation project purposes, and the reservation of them as a bird refuge is subject to the use thereof by that department, including leasing for grazing, and to any other valid existing right.

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NOTES

DR. CAROLINA S. RUTH ENGELHARDT has given $5,000 to endow a lectureship at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.

A $1,000 fellowship in mathematics has recently been established at Brown University by Mr. H. D. Sharpe.

THE psychological laboratory at Wesleyan University has moved into larger quarters, now occupying a floor and a half of Judd Hall. Dr. Carney Landis has been made acting chairman of the department and T. A. Langlie, formerly of the University of Minnesota, has been appointed instructor.

A COURSE in electrodynamics and atomic structure will be offered in the graduate school of the University of Pennsylvania this year by Dr. W. F. G. Swann, director of the Bartol Research Foundation.

THE North Dakota Agricultural College is organizing a new department of geology, of which Dr. John E. Doerr, formerly of Pennsylvania State College, has been appointed head.

GEORGE C. SHAAD, who came to the University of

Kansas from the Massachusetts Institute of Technol

ogy in 1909 to be professor of electrical engineering, has been appointed acting dean of the school of engineering and architecture, to succeed the late Perley F. Walker.

DR. MOSES GOMBERG, professor of organic chemistry at the University of Michigan, has been appointed chairman of the department of chemistry of the university.

PROFESSOR W. C. Rurus has returned from a year with the World Educational cruise to resume his regular work in the department of astronomy of the University of Michigan. Dr. Dean B. McLaughlin, of Swarthmore College, has been made assistant professor in astronomy. Dr. Allan D. Maxwell comes to the university from Lick Observatory and Dr. Hazel M. Losh from Mt. Wilson.

PAUL L. HOOVER, research fellow in electrical engineering at Harvard University, has been appointed assistant professor of electrical engineering at the Case School of Applied Science.

DR. CHARLES C. Mook, of the American Museum of Natural History, has been appointed assistant professor of geology in the Washington Square College of New York University.

DR. H. M. HARSHAW, of the University of Missouri, and Dr. H. A. Pagel, of the University of Minnesota. have been appointed to instructorships in the department of chemistry of the University of Nebraska.

R. W. THATCHER, of Washington University, has been appointed instructor in geology at Oberlin College. Mr. T. J. Pettijohn, who has been instructor in geology at Oberlin for two years, is now holding a fellowship at the University of California.

T. G. B. OSBORN, professor of botany at Adelaide University and consulting botanist to the South Aus

tralian government since 1912, has been appointed to the chair of botany at the University of Sydney.

DR. TOM HARE, of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, has been appointed to the chair of pathology at the Royal Veterinary College.

DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE OLD PROBLEMS WITH NEW ILLUSTRATIONS

Ir is a truism that the scientific investigator must find his reward largely in the joy of the work itself. Material compensation is not looked for, and even recognition is a secondary matter. It would seem, however, that this very fact makes it more imperative that any one writing a general article or a text-book covering a particular field of investigation be scrupulously careful to give full credit at least to the more prominent workers in this field.

Again, we all suffer from the effects of "newspaper science"; sensational articles written by irresponsible reporters. Science Service was organized to combat this evil. Does not this impose upon those engaged in scientific work the moral obligation to avoid sensationalism, exaggeration and loose statements in popular articles which they write?

These are not new questions; responsibility of writers to their colleagues, to the students who use their text-books, and to the general public is a matter that has been the subject of thought and discussion for many years. My recent reading, however, has led me to consider it anew.

The astronomer is aware that the late Professor James E. Kecler, by his brilliant work with the Crossley reflector, focussed attention sharply upon the advantages of this type of telescope for certain classes of photographic observations, and that in the course of his work he directed attention to the great number of the spiral nebulae (previously regarded as rather unusual objects) and to their significance in theories of cosmogony. The astronomer knows, too, that to Professor H. H. Turner, "more than to any other man, is owing the development by which photographic methods have become the most accurate and rapid of all ways of determining differential star positions." Again, he knows that Professor A. O. Leuschner has done quite as much as any man (in America at least) to develop modern methods of computing orbits of comets and minor planets, and to increase our knowledge of the motions of these bodies.

The astronomer, I say, knows these facts, but how is the student who uses a recently issued text-book in astronomy to find them out when Keeler is mentioned only in relation to the revolution of the Rings of Saturn and Turner and Leuschner are not named at all? These are but three of the more striking omis