might keep in touch with professors and students. Dr. John Beattie, a graduate in honors of the University of Belfast, was appointed from a number of candidates as the first anatomical fellow and was attached to University College as well as to the Gardens. During his tenure, which began with 1926, he has published a number of papers on vertebrate anatomy, and has now been appointed assistant professor of human anatomy in the University of Toronto..

The Aquarium Research Fellowship was instituted the end of 1924 to give na opportunity for such investigations into the conditions of aquatic life as could. be conducted in the aquarium, where a laboratory and research tanks had been provided. It was decided that the first fellow should devote himself specially to the chemical and physical conditions in the aquarium plant, so as to lay a firm foundation for biological inquiries. The first fellow, Dr. F. P. Stowell, was a graduate in honors in chemistry of the University of Liverpool and began his work in the Gardens in 1925. He also has published a number of papers of great value not only to the management of the aquarium, but as additions to scientific knowledge. His tenure of the fellowship would have ceased at the end of this year, but he has received an appointment as research chemist to a large manufactory and left at the beginning of this month to assume his new work. It is intended that his successor in the fellowship should take up a biological line of investigation.

THE VOLTA MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP

THE Italy America Society announces that a fund of $25,000, the income from which will be applied each year to post-graduate work in an American university of an electrical engineer from Italy, has been established by individuals, associations and corporations in this country who are interested in electrical development. The fund has been raised to mark the one hundredth anniversary of the death of Alessandro Volta, inaugurator of a new era in electricity.

Volta's anniversary has been marked this year with a special program in connection with the International Exhibition at Lake Como, Italy, where announcement of the formation of the memorial fund in the United States was received with much enthusiasm. The student who will come to the United States will be selected competitively by the Associazione Elettrotecnia Italiana, which corresponds to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. In the United States the administration of the fellowship is in the hands of the Italy America Society.

Maurice A. Oudin, vice-president of the International General Electric Company and chairman of the

memorial committee, has outlined the purposes of the fellowship as follows:

The year 1927 marks the one hundredth anniversary of the death of Alessandro Volta, and we, a committee representing some of those interests which owe a debt to the discoveries of Volta, have established this annual fellowship to enable an Italian electrical engineer, a graduate from one of the leading polytechnic schools of Italy, to spend one year in the United States in study and research. With the advice and suggestions of competent persons, the fellow will devote one scholastic year to attending one of our schools of engineering, and will be given an opportunity to visit our principal plants. He will return to Italy enriched by his American experience and better able to be useful in the electrical development of the country which gave birth to Volta.

COMMITTEE ON THE COST OF MEDICAL CARE

A BULLETIN has been issued by the Conference on Economic Factors affecting the Organization of Medicine giving information regarding the purposes of its new committee-the committee on the cost of medical care which was organized last May in Washington.

The committee, which is to serve five years, has been assigned the following functions by the parent organization.

(1) To conduct an analysis of the problem of medical organization, particularly of its economic factors.

(2) To plan a series of researches on the basis of the proposed analysis, utilizing, as the committee may see fit, the outline of studies prepared by the Committee of Five appointed at a preliminary conference held in Washington April 1, 1926. These studies are to be assigned to various interested agencies and individuals, and they will be subsidized only when they can not be properly undertaken without financial aid.

(3) To conduct a limited number of studies when it becomes evident that they can not be handled adequately by any existing agency.

(4) To arouse the interest of professional groups and the public in the facts regarding medical service as they become available, particularly in the results of the committee's studies. The committee will promote discussion by medical, public health and economic agencies, arrange or encourage addresses before organizations of the "consuming public" and conduct various kinds of conferences. The publication of articles in professional and popular journals will be provided, and reports on the committee's researches be issued.

An executive committee of the committee on the cost of medical care has been appointed with power to increase its number to seven or nine members, the chairman being Professor C.-E. A. Winslow. J. Shelton Horsley.

An annual budget of $40,000 has been adopted.

As Professor Osborn was not to be in New York on that day, a subcommittee waited upon him at Garrison on July 28 to make the presentation of a Queen Anne cup and birthday greetings. The cup was inscribed: "To Henry Fairfield Osborn, master builder, upon the occasion of his seventieth birthday, August 8, 1927, from his friends." The greetings were signed by more than five hundred of Professor Osborn's colleagues and friends from all over the world, the signatures being inscribed on individual cards of vellum which were then assembled and mounted in an illuminated book.

A total of $8,040.71 was raised for the gifts. About $5,000 remained after their purchase, and this sum will be used for a Henry Fairfield Osborn seventieth birthday research fund in paleontology.

The following is the text of the congratulatory address:

On your seventieth birthday your colleagues and friends join to salute you, to congratulate you and to express their delight in finding you radiant in health and spirit, joyously carrying on your life work.

We desire to thank you most heartily for your leadership in many fields. Drawing around you in the American Museum of Natural History a staff of explorers and coworkers who are animated by your spirit and who gladly enroll under your banner, you have penetrated to the uttermost parts of the earth and have brought its natural history treasures to the museum. To your unceasing labors, as curator of paleontology and as president, we owe the series of unique exhibition halls at the museum, where countless visitors pass before an impressive panorama of extinct life. Thanks to your sympathetic understanding, the school-children of New York and their teachers enjoy all the educational and emancipative opportunities of the Museum's School Service. And in the near future the museum will also display still other imposing evidences of your constructive genius when the Roosevelt Memorial Hall and the Akeley African Hall take their places in the assemblage of buildings devoted to science and education.

We desire also to express our admiration of the crea tive, tireless spirit which, during a life crowded with administrative work, has produced a series of publications, covering many hundreds of titles and ranging from brief articles in Natural History to the great monographs on the titanotheres and the proboscideans, now in press.

We congratulate you upon the many distinguished honors that the highest scientific tribunals of the world have awarded to you in recognition of your services to science. We join the great company of your readers in acknowledging our indebtedness for such classic works as “From the Greeks to Darwin," "The Origin and Evolution of Life," "The Age of Mammals" and "Men of the Old Stone Age."

Princeton University will not forget your services when in 1877 as co-leader with your life-long friend Professor W. B. Scott, you led the first Princeton expedition to the fossil fields of Wyoming; or when, after your return from your graduate studies at Cambridge University, you brought the Huxleyan gospel of comparative anatomy to your pupils.

Columbia University has reason to remember the great part you played in planning and guiding the Department of Zoology in its formative period; nor will your old students, either of Princeton or of Columbia, ever forget what new worlds you opened to them and showed them how to enter.

The New York Zoological Society owes to you thirty-one years of brilliant service as chairman of the executive committee and later as its president.

From many parts of the world, therefore, your friends unite to testify their appreciation of your services as a leader in biological science, in education and in the highest ideals of citizenship.

We congratulate you again upon this unique record of service. We delight in the admirable spirit of fairness, generosity, friendliness and comradeship which you have shown, not only to your colleagues but to the least of your assistants. And we rejoice with your devoted wife and your sons, daughters and many grandchildren, that this seventieth birthday finds you with forces unimpaired, still planning, still building, under the inspiration of a dauntless optimism.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS

SVANTE ARRHENIUS, director of the Nobel Institute for Physical Chemistry at Stockholm, distinguished for his contributions to physical chemistry, died on October 2, aged sixty-eight years.

DR. WILHELM EINTHOVEN, professor of physiology at the University of Leyden, known for his work in cardiac physiology and for the invention of the string galvanometer, died on September 28, aged sixty-seven years. Dr. Einthoven was awarded the Nobel prize in medicine in 1924.

On the occasion of the opening of the new Henry Herbert Wills physics laboratory at the University of

Bristol on October 21 by Sir Ernest Rutherford, the degree of doctor of science honoris causa will be conferred upon the following: Professor Max Born (Göttingen), Sir William Bragg (Royal Institution, London), Professor A. S. Eddington (Cambridge), Professor Alfred Fowler (Imperial College of Science and Technology, London), Professor P. Langevin (Paris) and Sir Ernest Rutherford (Cambridge).

THE Reale Accademia dei Lincei has conferred its royal prize in mathematics on Professor Leonida Tonelli, of the University of Bologna. One of the prizes founded by the (Italian) Ministry of Public Instruction has been awarded to Professor Enea Bortolotti, of the Reale Liceo Artistico di Bologna.

SIR CHARLES SHERRINGTON, of the University of Oxford, will address a special meeting of the section of neurology and psychiatry, New York Academy of Medicine, on the evening of October 25.

ON August 15 a banquet was held by the Czechoslovak Academy of Agriculture in honor of its visiting honorary member, Dr. L. O. Howard, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. During the banquet, Professor Stoklasa, who acted as toastmaster, spoke in appreciation of Dr. Howard's contributions to entomology.

AT the annual election of the Safety Congress, H. E. Niesz, Chicago, was chosen president and W. H. Cameron, Chicago, was reelected managing director. The following vice-presidents were chosen: E. W. Beck, New York; C. E. Hill, New York; Miller McClintock, Harvard University; C. J. Moore, Longmeadow; C. E. Pettibone, Boston; H. A. Reninger, Allentown, Pa.; G. E. Sanford, Schenectady, N. Y.; A. W. Whiting, New York, and Professor C.-E. A. Winslow, Yale University.

DR. E. H. VOLWILER has been elected chairman of the scientific division of the American Drug Manufacturers' Association.

DR. LEA MCI. LUQUER has been appointed research associate in optical mineralogy at the American Museum of Natural History.

PROFESSOR S. S. STEINBERG, head of the department of civil engineering at the University of Maryland, has resigned as assistant director of the highway research board of the National Research Council, in order to return to his duties at the university and to practice as consulting engineer on road and street construction.

ON September 1, a few months after reaching the age of seventy, Dr. F. S. Kedzie retired from the deanship of the division of applied science of the

Michigan State College and became the college historian. Dr. Ernst A. Bessey, head of the department of botany, has been made acting dean in Dr. Kedzie's place, still retaining the headship of the department of botany. Dr. Kedzie as student and as instructor, assistant professor and professor of chemistry, then as president and later as dean has been connected with the Michigan State College for about fifty-three years.

DR. JAMES P. CHAPIN, associate curator of birds in the American Museum of Natural History, returned on September 25, accompanied by De Witt L. Sage, from Central Africa, where they spent eighteen months in the Ruwenzori mountain range and the Kivu, volcano west of the Congo River, collecting birds and small mammals.

PROFESSOR GUSTAV ALEXANDER, of Vienna, has arrived in New York for a brief visit to American medical centers. He will lecture on oto-neurology and on histo-pathology of the internal and middle ear.

PROFESSOR F. C. KRAUSKOPF, of the University of Wisconsin, is on sabbatical leave this semester, which he is spending in studying the methods of teaching freshman chemistry at various institutions in California. Professor E. R. Schierz, of the University of Wyoming, is filling the temporary vacancy occasioned by Dr. Krauskopf's absence.

DR. ELMER LASH, of the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry, who for several years was stationed in Washington, was transferred to Des Moines, Iowa, on September 6. September 6. Dr. Lash will assist in the administration of tuberculosis work in the states of Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Minnesota, South Dakota and

Kansas.

It is reported that Dr. Alwin Mittasch, head chemist of the German dye trust and coinventor of synthetic methanol and coal hydrogenation improvements, is leaving for the United States, where he will devote some time to scientific study in collaboration with American industry.

PROFESSOR R. A. LEHFELDT, professor of economics in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, since 1917, and formerly professor of physics in East London College and also in the South African School of Mines and Technology, has died, aged fiftynine years.

THE "John Hampton Hale" research laboratory of the Royal Dental Hospital of London was opened on October 4, by Sir Walter Fletcher, F.R.S.

A LABORATORY for the breeding of beneficial parasites has been opened at Farnham Royal, Bucking

hamshire, under the direction of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology.

AT the meeting of the international executive committee of the World Power Conference in Cernobbie, on Lake Como, it was decided to hold the next conference in Germany in 1930. It also was decided to hold a sectional meeting in Tokio in 1929.

THE Paris correspondent of the Journal of the American Medical Association reports that the Pasteur Institute has received a legacy of $800,000 from a French physician, Dr. René Marius Appert, of Paris, who died at the age of sixty-five at San Remo, on the Italian Riviera.

ARTHUR WILLIAM SCOTT, M.A., of St. David's Col

THE Albert Merritt Billings Hospital and the Max Epstein Clinic of the University of Chicago Clinics, was opened to patients on October 3. Formal dedication of the clinics will be held on October 31 and November 1, when distinguished medical men of this country and Europe will be present. Hospital and out-clinic service will be available for cases in general medicine, surgery, eye, ear, nose and throat, and neurology. The new building on the Midway of the Chicago Lying-In Hospital, affiliated with the university, will provide for obstetric cases at a later date. The Charles Gilman Smith Memorial Hospital, to be built soon, will care for contagious diseases; the Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for children; and the Gertrude Dunn Hicks Memorial for orthopedic surgery. The Chicago Lying-In Hospital is now engaged in raising the last $400,000 of the one million dollars required for its funds, and gifts have already provided for the construction of the other hospitals.

THE Saint Paul Institute has bought for $250,000 the Merriam residence adjoining the capitol at Saint Paul, Minn., to house the museum that was formerly displayed in rooms of the City's Auditorium. The second floor of the building is given to biology and the third floor to geology. The building stands in the center of a two and a half acre tract which is to be used for expansion of the museum in the future.

THE Massachusetts Institute of Technology has received a large addition to its library in the form of a gift of about 200 complete volumes on chemistry and several sets of chemical journals from Mrs. Henry P. Talbot, widow of the late dean of the institute.

A COLLEGE OF FISHERIES is to be established in Halifax, affiliated with Dalhousie University. The university will give a course in the fundamental sciences, while the Biological Board of Canada will treat of fishery subjects. A government appropriation of $25,000 has been made toward the establishment of a marine laboratory to be located somewhere on the shores of Halifax Harbor, in all probability near the open sea.

Phillips professor of science there, who died on March 7, aged eighty-one years, has made the following bequests: £7,000 to the University of Cambridge, the income to be applied for the furtherance of physical science in such manner as the authorities may determine; £500 to Trinity College, Dublin, for the general purposes thereof; £250 each to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Physical Society, London ("of which I am a Fellow"), the Institute of Physics, London (“of which I am a Foundation Fellow"); £1,000 to the Royal Society, the income to be applied for the advancement of the physical sciences. And after these and other bequests the residue of the property as to one third to the University of Cambridge, the income therefrom to be applied for the furtherance of physical science; one third to the University of Oxford for like purposes, and one third to St. Thomas's Hospital, London.

By the will of Mrs. Lilian Horsford Farlow, of Cambridge, widow of the late Professor William G. Farlow, of Harvard University, the income of a $20,000 bequest to Harvard is to be placed at the disposal of the curator of the Farlow Reference Library, to be used for the purchase of suitable books and periodicals on botany. Mrs. Farlow presented the library in the cryptogamic botanical herbarium to Harvard, prior to her death, as a memorial to her husband. Another $5,000 is bequeathed to Harvard, to be used at the discretion of the curator of the library for the purchase of a collection of cryptogamic specimens to be added to the Farlow Herbarium. A bequest of $10,000 to Radcliffe is to be added to the Lilian Horsford Farlow Fund previously established for the college library. The sum of $10,000 is given to Wellesley College to be added to the sabbatical grants established by Mrs. Farlow's late father, Professor Eben Norton Horsford, of Harvard. During her life Mrs. Farlow presented Harvard with $50,000 in memory of her father, the money to be used for the general purposes of the chemical laboratory, where her father was engaged in research work for many years.

THE Associated Press reports that advancement of the study of meteorology from the viewpoint of aviation is the purpose of a committee formed by the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the promotion of

aeronautics. The committee will make its headquarters in the Weather Bureau in Washington. Its members are C. G. Rossby, representing the fund; Willis R. Gregg, of the Weather Bureau; Major William R. Blair, of the United States Army; Lieutenant F. W. Reichelderfer, of the United States Navy, and Thomas H. Chapman, of the Department of Commerce.

PURCHASE of two additional areas for the New York State park system in the Finger Lakes region has been asked in a resolution addressed to the State Council of Parks by the Finger Lake Parks Commission. The parks recommended are Stoney Brook Glen at Dansville and Red Jacket Park on Cayuga Lake, near Seneca Falls.

INFORMATION received by the U. S. Department of Agriculture shows unusual interest on the part of state legislatures in making appropriations for the eradication of tuberculosis from domestic livestock. The appropriations made by the states, together with approximately $6,000,000 appropriated by the last United States Congress, make available for the ensuing year's work approximately $18,500,000. In addition to the appropriations, valuable new legislation, amending various state laws, is expected to hasten the work in a number of states. This campaign for eradicating tuberculosis in domestic livestock made exceptional progress during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1927. Records of the Bureau of Animal Industry show that 347 counties have completed the necessary official tests and have qualified for recognition as tuberculosis-free areas. This number constitutes more than 11 per cent. of the total number of counties in the United States. In addition 945 counties were actively engaged in the area project at the beginning of the current fiscal year.

AT the Leeds meeting of the British Association, as we learn from Nature, the council reported two conferences called to consider the possibility of establishing a Science News Service. The essential condition for success of such a scheme was said to be that scientific societies and institutions themselves should desire its organization. In view of the lack of unanimity and of enthusiasm evinced at the two conferences, the committee appointed to indicate the ways in which this support might be given considers that no useful purpose would be served by communicating with the scientific societies. The opinion is expressed, however, that should sufficient funds be forthcoming for the establishment of a Science News Service, the council of the association-possibly in cooperation with the British Science Guild-might appropriately undertake the organization of the service.

UNIVERSITY professors from various European countries were present at a meeting held in the Kurhaus at Davos (Switzerland) in support of a scheme for founding, at Davos, an Alpine University of an international character for students in delicate health. It is stated that there are, in Europe alone, over 15,000 university students suffering from tuberculosis. It was decided to hold another conference at Celerina, in the Engadine.

DATA available for 1926 to the health section of the League of Nations indicate that the birth rate in many countries continues to decrease, and is likely to continue to do so for a number of years. The area of low birth rate (between 17 and 20 per thousand) now includes almost the whole of northern, western and central Europe. The birth rate is still between 35 and 40 in eastern Europe; it now is lower in Sweden and in England than in France.

THE summary of progress of the geological survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology for the year 1926 has been published. The board states that highly satisfactory progress was made during the year, both in field work and indoor work. The resurvey of coalfield areas has been pressed forward energetically. In most of the British coalfields revision of the six-inch maps is being carried on and 64 maps were published during the year, showing the latest geological information and in many cases accompanied by descriptive memoirs. Efforts have been made to render geological drift mapping of greater assistance to agriculturists. Concern is expressed by the board that for financial reasons no provision has been made in the estimates of the Office of Works for the erection of the new building for the Geological Survey and Museum at South Kensington. They consider the erection of the new building at the earliest possible date essential to the adequate preservation and presentation of the records. Geological investigations in the Yorkshire coalfield, the Surrey Downs and the Isle of Man and new methods of investigating deep structures by means of the Eotvos balance are among the matters dealt with in the appendices.

INVESTIGATIONS covering Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana by Dr. Joseph Goldberger and Edgar Sydenstricker, under the auspices of the U. S. Public Health Service, indicate an increase in pellagra due to causes related to the recent floods. From the survey made, it was estimated that pellagra, during 1927, will cause from 2,300 to an estimated total of about 2,500 deaths, with from 45,000 to 50,000 cases, as compared with 1,020 deaths and 20,000