9. R. W. DEPUTY GRAND MASTER.-The Jewel of this office is a Half Moon, made of white metal.

The duties are to support the Grand Master in presiding over the G. Lodge, to fill his chair during his absence, and usually to act as the Deputy of the district in which he resides. In the event of the death, removal, or resignation of the Grand Master, he succeeds to the Chair for the rest of the term, or until a special election supplies the vacancy.

10. M. W. GRAND MASTER.-The Jewel for this officer is the Sun with the Scales of Justice engraved or impressed thereon, made of white metal.

By his installation into office he ceases to be considered an active member of any Subordinate in particular; though he must continue a contributing member in his Lodge. His duties are to preside over the G. Lodge during its sessions, and preserve order and enforce the laws of the Order therein; to execute its laws and mandates during the interim between its sessions; and to open Lodges, install officers, and deliver necessary instructions on the work of the Order to new Lodges and members and officers of the Grand Lodge, either in person or by deputy; to decide questions of law and usage during the recess of the G. Lodge; and to perform such other du

ties as belong to an executive and presiding officer of such a body. He is usually authorized to grant dispensations for degrees, when he deems it necessary for the good of the Order; and to confer the Past Official degrees on those entitled to them. He must have received those degrees, and in some G. Lodges must also be a R. P. D. member in good standing in an Encampment.

11. PAST GRAND MASTER.-The Jewel for a P. G. M. is the Sun with Heart in hand, made of white metal.

REGALIA. The regalia for all officers and members of a Grand Lodge is a Scarlet Collar, or sash; and an apron, either white trimmed with scarlet, or scarlet trimmed with white. The aprons and collars (or

sashes) may be trimmed with silver lace or fringe, and those who have taken the R. P. degree may have trimmings of yellow metal. Digest, §3, 8, pp. 28, 29.

The elective Grand officers may introduce visiting brethren into any Lodge within the jurisdiction of their Grand Lodge, without the usual examination of the Lodge officers. Digest, §6, 7, p. 47.

The G. Lodge can confer power on the G. Master to grant dispensations for opening Lodges. Digest, §6, p. 46

CHAPTER XXII.

OF DISTRICTS, THEIR COMMITTEES AND OFFICERS.

GRAND Lodges and Grand Encampments usually divide their jurisdiction into a number of Districts, which they place under the charge of proper officers and committees, and thus facilitate the performance of duties, hasten the redress of grievances, and lessen the work of their sessions. Though not taking precedence of the Grand Bodies themselves, yet for convenience we preferred considering them after their superiors.

§ 1. District Grand Committees.

New York has the honor of restoring, under an improved form, these long and generally disused branches of our organization. Every P. G. in good standing in a Subordinate of the county or counties forming the District, is a member of the Committee. It meets in the P. N. Grand's degree monthly or quarterly, as determined by its own By-Laws, and is presided over by the D. D. G. Master, the other officers being always elected by itself. It has power to recommend the granting of charters for new Subordinates in the District; to act upon all appeals and grievances originating in the same; to settle disputes and controversies between its Lodges; to grant dispensations for the admission into Lodges in the District of expelled members, or mem bers of expelled or suspended Lodges, and to nominate candidates for the Grand Lodge officers. Its business

is subject to the revision of the G. Lodge. It must keep faithful minutes of its own meetings, by its Secretary, who issues all notices ordered by the D. D. G. M. And it may be suspended, after due trial, and a twothird vote of the G. L., for just cause; such suspension suspends its members from the G. L., except by special act of exemption for those not engaged in the offence.

§ 2. District Appeal Committees.

In Pennsylvania, each Lodge elects a P. G. thereof as member of the Appeal Committee. To any three Past Grands thus elected, and contiguous to the parties concerned, the G. Master refers all appeals and controversies coming up from the Subordinates, and the decision of such Committee, if approved by the Grand Master, is conclusive, unless, for cause shown, he permits another hearing before another selection from the Committee of the vicinity.

Both in this, as in all cases of appeals to the New York District Committees, or from the Dist. G. Committees to the Committee of the G. L. on Appeals, notice of the appeal is given to the opposite party; the books, papers, and minutes of evidence taken on the trial, are submitted, and the parties are heard in person, (or by counsel in some States,) and the Lodge by its sub-committee or officers. And whenever it appears that informality or irregularity in the form or manner of preferring the charges, or manner of appointing the Committee of trial, or in the proceedings of that Cominittee, or of the Lodge, was practised, the case may be referred back for another trial. If it appears that the charges did not warrant the penalty, (or were not thus ́proved,) or the offence was not within the cognizance

›r jurisdiction of the Lodge, or the party was legally entitled to acquittal, they may reverse the Lodge proceedings, and order the aggrieved member to be reinstated, and no further proceedings can be had against him. If incompetent or improper testimony has been admitted, or competent and proper testimony excluded, or the accused was not allowed sufficient time or fair opportunity for defence, the proceedings are reversed, and the Lodge ordered to try it again. But in no case of appeal shall new evidence be produced, except to prove irregularity, &c.; nor can a Lodge introduce evidence to contradict its own minutes. These rules may vary somewhat in different jurisdictions, but it is believed they are of general application in cases of appeals.

§ 3. District Deputy Grand Patriarchs.

In all cases where the general organization of the Grand Encampment resembles that of the Grand Lodge of the same State or Territory, his duties will correspond precisely to that of the D. D. G. M., given below. As the representative of the Grand Encampment and Grand Patriarch in his District, he should be received with the honors and courtesies due to those he repre sents, when he visits Encampments in his official capacity.

§ 4. District Deputy Grand Masters.

The Grand Lodge of New York, before the division, defined the duties of this office. We give the most important portions.