§6. I. and O. Guardians.

JEWEL. The prescribed jewel of these offices is Crossed Swords made of white metal.

REGALIA. For the Outside Guardian, a white apron trimmed with scarlet, and a scarlet sash trimmed with white. For the Inside Guardian, a white apron trimmed with blue, and a blue sash trimmed with white. Both wear swords while on duty.

N. B. We have given the above as the general usage in those States in which we are acquainted. The usage in some sections may be different. The Digest gives no direction whatever in the matter of their regalia.

STATION.-The Outside Guardian is stationed at, or within sight and hearing of, the outer door, after the Lodge is opened. Before it is opened, at the proper signal, he must secure the outer door, return to the Lodge-room and wait for orders beside the inner door. The Inside Guardian's station is in the Lodge-room, at the inner door.

DUTIES.-The Outside Guardian has charge of the anteroom. He must prevent any one from entering from without, who has not the regular P. W., except by special orders from the N. G., to whom he will immediately communicate any unauthorized demand for admission, or other questions of doubt, through the I. G. Guarding the first entrance to the Lodge, his office is a very responsible one, and requires much courtesy, combined with great decision and energy of character.

The Inside Guardian must always be ready to communicate with the O. G. He is to admit no one (except by special orders of the officer in charge of the Lodge) who is not in proper regalia, and in possession of the explanation of the P. W.; and must allow none to pass out and return, who has not the evening word, or V. G.'s P. W. He will always report to the officer in charge of the Lodge. When an intruder or disorderly member is to be ejected from the Lodge-room, both these officers should act promptly and vigorously, but with as much mildness as is consistent with the necessity of such a painful duty.

87. The Conductor.

JEWEL.-The jewel of this office is Crossed Axes of white metal. In some Lodges the Conductor bears the Axe as an emblem of his office; in others, a long black staff, surmounted with a white or gilt globe, or an open hand bearing a heart in the palm.

REGALIA.-A white apron trimmed with black, and a black sash usually trimmed with white.

STATION. The Warden should sit to the right and in front of the N. G. The Conductor's place is to the left, and in front of the N. G. These places are the ones recognized by the most established usages of the Order, and we do not think it right to deviate from the old customs."-Editorial in Covenant, vol. iv. p. 238. Deviations are made, however. In some Lodges, the

Warden, and in others the Conductor occupies a chair fitted up purposely, opposite the P. G.

DUTIES.-The Conductor is ex-officio the assistant of the Warden, when not engaged in his own special duties. But in Pennsylvania, (and possibly in some other States,) a "Junior Warden" is appointed, and the Conductor confined to the duties proper to his own office. This, though a deviation from law and usage, is a very convenient and useful arrangement.

The Conductor is to receive the candidates in the anteroom, and deliver the charge of his office at the proper season. He should have a ready memory and be a good speaker, as he is to make the first, and therefore most important impression.

§ 8. The Warden.

JEWEL.-Crossed Wands, of white metal. He sometimes bears, as a badge of his office, a long black staff, usually surmounted with a ball, gilt or white.

REGALIA. The regalia of the Warden is a white apron trimmed with black, and a black sash trimmed with white.

STATION. This has been treated of under the preceding section.

DUTIES. The office is an important one, and requires much personal attention. He has charge of the entire wardrobe of the Lodge, and must place the regalia for the use of the officers and members before the Lodge opens, and replace it in its proper depository, after the

Lodge closes, reporting any damage it may have sustained to the N. G., and receiving his orders in relation to it. In short, he has a general supervision of the furniture of the Lodge-room, and his duty is to make it comfortable. He must examine every person present before the Lodge is opened, reporting promptly to the N. G. every one he finds not fully qualified to remain in it. At least once a month this examination should be

thorough, passing by no one. He is to deliver all summonses that may be issued by the Lodge, and is the Messenger of the Lodge during its sessions. Surely such an office requires an active, attentive, and obliging brother for its incumbent; and even the aid of a "Junior Warden" will hardly make it a sinecure!

His official charge is an important one, not easy to deliver effectively, and requires, therefore, not only a good memory and delivery, but talent besides, of a peculiar order. The office accordingly ranks high in the Lodge, and is rarely too well filled.

CHAPTER XIII.

OF ELECTIVE OFFICERS.

THE elective officers of a Subordinate Lodge are the Treasurer, the Permanent and the Recording Secretaries, the Vice Grand, and the Noble Grand. The Treasurer and the Permanent Secretary are usually elected for one year. Sometimes the duties of both Secretaryships are performed by one person; and in Pennsylvania, both are divided between two persons; the Secretary, who is elected for one year, having supervision of the accounts and records; and the Assistant Secretary, who

is elected for six months, aiding in either or both departments, and acting as a member of the Relief Committee. Other officers, as Trustees, &c., may be elected, by provision of the By-Laws of each Lodge, but are not necessarily considered as known to the Order. And the N. G., after serving his term, becomes for the next term the "Sitting Past Grand" of the Lodge, without election or appointment.

The qualifications for office, as to degrees, differ in various States; but in nearly, if not quite all, the elective offices must be filled with Scarlet Degree members. As no one should wear a color in his regalia to which he is not entitled by degree, all the offices should be filled with members of the degree implied by their regalia.

To constitute an election to the elective offices, a majority of all the votes cast is necessary. And twentysix nights' service as Vice Grand is necessary to eligibility to the Noble Grand's Chair.

The special duties of officers vary in different jurisdictions, and even the general duties prescribed by the Grand Lodge of the United States are varied in some States by regulations peculiar to themselves. The Constitution and By-Laws of each subordinate, and the instructions given at installation and by the Grand Lodge of each State, will be their guide in all that is peculiar as well as general. Here we can only note what we deem most important in either. Though the Treasurer has precedence of the Permanent Secretary, yet for convenience in consulting the duties of both Secreta ries continuously, we here consider first