In man, there is not, indeed, a habit, but an organ which has lost its uses, yet is still developed in every child brought into the world. The outer ear was formerly provided with muscles by which it could be turned towards any sound for its better recognition. These muscles have become obsolete by heriditary disuse, so that in all normal subjects the ear is motionless. That it could formerly be directed so as the better to receive a sound will the less be denied as it survives in certain exceptional individuals. But as it is absent in the great bulk of our species, the question arises, Why does the external ear not gradually cease to be developed? No one can now contend that it is useful. London, England. Speed of Flight of Birds. J. W. SLATER. I HAVE always been more or less of a sceptic in regard to the high rate of speed in the flight of certain birds, but I have only just obtained a bit of satisfactory evidence from my own observations. Our wild ducks are admitted to be among our strongest flyers, but I am satisfied that the buffle-head (Charitonetta albeola) does not attain a speed of forty miles per hour. While travelling on the Baltimore and Ohio Railway, up the valley of the Potomac, on Jan. 3, I saw a great many ducks, nearly all of which were buffle-heads. Those who are familiar with the road will recall how closely it follows the windings of the river, so that a bird flying up mid-stream would travel just the same distance as the train on the bank. It so happened that, on rounding a sharp curve, my train flushed a pair of buffle-heads, which started up stream at full speed. On watching them I found that, instead of leaving us behind, we were actually beating them, and I am confident that their rate of speed was not equal to that of the train. We kept alongside of them for nearly a minute before they turned back down-stream. Careful calculation showed that the train was running at about thirty-seven miles per hour, so that the rate of speed for those wild ducks would be about thirtysix. I hope that others may have some evidence on this question of speed in flight which will throw more light on the subject. HUBERT LYMAN CLARK. Pittsburgh, Pa. Bowser's Trigonometry. As I have learned to admire the mathematical text books of Professor Bowser from the excellent results I have had from their class room use for several years, I was surprised to see the somewhat adverse criticism of his Trigonometry in Science of Nov. 25. I disagree with your critic's assertion that the best way to study trigonometry is along the line of its historical development. I believe that such a course of study would be objectionable, because of the long time it would require, and because the student would be compelled to unlearn, if I may so phrase it, many things he would necessarily be called upon to learn if he followed the historical method. It is a recognized pedagogical fact that it is easier to teach correct methods to a student who has never used incorrect methods, than to one who has. To acquire a complete knowledge of trigonometry would undoubtedly require a study of its development, to acquire the knowledge required for its proper and facile use in its many applications, does not require a study of its history. And accordingly I believe his plan of giving the best results and methods of the best students and workers in trigonometry is to be preferred to a method which requires a student to test and reject what has long before been tested and rejected. I admire Professor Bowser's plan of giving such definitions of the functions as apply to all angles, acute, obtuse or reflex. I think some of the writers on the subject have fallen into a grave error when they give definitions of the functions of acute angles, and afterward modify the definitions to suit obtuse angles. In Professor Bowser's development of the theoretical part of the subject, he is especially clear. His book is a readable one. He is precise in his statements, and his demonstrations are such as the average student can readily follow-which cannot be said of every book on the subject. one, suited to every requirement, while the model solutions are truly model in their methods and arrangement. His chapter on De Moivre's Theorem is more complete than is usually given in text-books, while his final chapter on the application of spherical trigonometry serves at once to show the student its use, and to give him a glimpse of several fascinating branches of mathematics. Your critic is hardly justified in his claim that Professor Bow ser has made several historical mistakes. It is unfortunate that Professor Bowser should imply that Napier was the inventor of what are now called Napierian logarithms; but surely he is right in saying that Briggs introduced the common system in 1615. since it is generally admitted that Briggs lectured on them in that year, though his tables were not published until two years later. And why your critic should object because Professor Bowser, in speaking of addition and subtraction logarithms, refers to Zech's tables, I fail to understand, since Zech's tables are equal if not superior to any others published. Of course, only a class-room test can determine the merits of a text-book, but this latest book of Professor Bowser is so filled with the many qualities which have made his previous books so successful that I cannot see any reason why it should not meet with a like success. H. L. HODGKINS, Professor of Mathematics. Columbian University, Washington, D. C., Jan. 5. Humming-Bird's Food. IN several recent numbers of Science there have been notices of the habit of Trochilus colubres feeding on the sap of different trees. I have also noticed the fact, and was interested on becoming acquainted with T. anna to find that it also made this a staple article of food during the summer and fall. In this part of California there are few trees yielding a sap save the cottonwood and willow. During a mountain trip in August, 1890, I found the hummingbird very common in the willows along the creeks, at about 5,000 feet elevation; and was pleased to find that the red-breasted sapsucker (Sphyrapicus rufer) filled the office of S. varius to the ruby-throat. The willow thickets were very dense and composed mostly of dwarfish shrubs of Salix lariolepis. I forced my way into the interior, and watched the birds; sap-suckers, bummingbirds, and warblers (Dendroica auduboni), often waiting turns at a favorite drinking-spot; though possibly the latter were more interested in the insects attracted by the honey than by the honey itself. There were often three, and even four or five, hummingbirds in sight at a time. They were very tame, and very curious; coming within three or four feet of me, poising themselves on their wings and looking me over. I noticed most of these were young, and that the adult males were quite shy. Subsequently, while teaching at Dunlap, at about 3.500 feet elevation, I found the birds as late as December feeding in the same manner. Irrigation seems to have an important influence on the babitat of this bird. For three years I have lived most of the time in the southern half of Fresno County, in an open plain. For the first two years I saw but very few humming birds, and never saw them feeding on the native flowers, no matter how showy they were. Meanwhile, the water had formed a pond by sub-irrigation on the ranch, and the same variety of willow (Salix lariolepis), which in the valley forms a tree 40-60 feet high and 3-5 feet in diameter, had come in thickly and grown to about 15 feet in height. This fall I noticed many humming birds about the place, and traced them to this pond. I have never seen but one or two sap-suckers here, but I found the birds in great numbers feeding on the sap exuding from the wounds caused by a large borer, the moth of which, about two inches across the wings, colored black and white, was flying about in abundance. I have not as yet found them feeding upon any tree save this willow. Maples are very scarce in the Sierras of this county, and the sap-suckers prefer willows to any other tree. I have not The collection of exercises and examples is an unusually large observed that the squirrels score the bark of trees here as in the In The Ladies' Home Journal for January is an account of a fire from gasoline that originated in a rather peculiar manner. A lady was cleaning a Brussels carpet with gasoline. She had cleaned about one-third of the carpet when she noticed one spot that looked a little dull and which must have a little more rubbing. She says, "I gave one quick, hard rub, the cloth in my hand ignited. There was a sort of a puff, and the flames went creeping all over the carpet I had cleaned." The explanation suggested was that the friction ignited the gasoline, but no suggestion is made as to whether that was caused by raising the tem perature to a high degree as might ordinarily happen by friction or whether it was otherwise. Some of my experience in the cold, dry climate of Minnesota has suggested a very plausible explanation for this accident, which seems surprising that such accidents are not more frequent. Our sleeping-room has an ingrain carpet from which we get marked electrical experiences. On a cold morning one can hardly take a step without being strongly electrified. By shuffling across the carpet, taking only two steps, I have many times drawn a spark one-eighth of an inch long. By taking a dozen shuffling steps and touching the water faucet I have several times drawn a spark nearly one-half of an inch long. Indeed, it is so common and so excessive that it is quite uncomfortable. I have several times thought seriously of getting up some arrangement for gradually dissipating the charge on one's body, so that we can avoid the unpleasant shock when using the water. It should be stated that this high degree of electrification is not an every-day experience, but it is very common when the thermometer in the room goes below 50° or 40° Fahr. A similar experience is very common here when one is putting on a fur overcoat or one simply with a fur collar. The simple rubbing of the fur in putting on the coat will so electrify it that one gets a prickly sensation from the charge from the collar when it is turned up against one's neck. Quite frequently simply picking up a flannel undergarment will so electrify it that one hears a decided crackling. These experiences are very common here in Minnesota with the dry atmosphere, and are quite surprising to one accustomed to the more moist climate of New York of the sea-coast. This experience suggests at once that the gasoline in the case above noted was ignited by an electric spark caused by rubbing the carpet. G. D. SHEPARDSON. University of Minn., Minneapolis, Minn. Electrical Phenomena on Mountains. THE experience of Mr. Chariton and the relation of Mr. Stone, as given in Science Sept. 23 and Dec. 2, have a parallel in the account of a traveller in Italy in 1814, who is quoted in the volume of Inne's Telescope for 1827, under the heading of "Curious Effects of Electricity upon Mount Etna," and from which I extract as under. June 2, 1814. Before midday two travellers were returning from the mountain, guided by Vicenza Carbonaro, one of the guides from Nicolesi. They had arrived in the Piano del Huga, when, expecting a hail-storm, they quickened their pace. Walking on frozen snow, Carbonaro was the most advanced of the party, he felt his hair stand on end, his forehead and the skin of his face felt benumbed, and he heard a hissing noise. He took off his cap and his hair became more bristled, and the whistling noise more powerful The traveller nearest to Carbonaro also heard a humming sound, and asked the guide what it was; he could not give any reason for it, and he stopped, supposing he was dizzy. In the meantime they approached each other and were pleased with the magic sound. The traveller turned to call his companion, who was at a little distance, and made a sign to him with his hand, the hand when raised produced a much stronger sound, so much so, that moving the fingers singularly modulated it. The traveller approached and heard the sound produced by the head and body of his companion, but, not having entered the current of electric air, his repeated attempts produced no sound. Finally, the three persons having joined, they experienced great pleasure, as with moving their fingers they produced the above extraordinary effect. In the meantime the hail-storm fell on them, and, being rather curious than erudite, they resolved to prosecute their journey downwards, without caring to make further investigation. Scarcely had they gone a few paces, advancing beyond the electric air, than the sounds ceased." GEO. CLULOW. 51 Bel-ize Avenue, Hampstead, N. W., London, Jan 2. Maya Codices. As the controversy between Dr. Seler and myself has drifted into mere criticisms of each others' statements, and no serious attempt to test my interpretations or to show that they are incorrect has been made, I think a continuance on this line would be unprofitable. I therefore close it, on my part, by suggesting to students of the Maya Codices that it might be worth the trouble to test my interpretations by an attempt to apply them in deciphering other combinations. I also call Dr. Seler's attention to the fact, that, notwithstanding his firm belief to the contrary, there is a numeral designation with a cross between the dots in the bottom line of Dres. 46,-2 Kayab. Moreover, it is precisely of the form shown in his Figs. 17, 19, and 20, Science, Jan. 6, 1893. CYRUS THOMAS. Washington, D.C., Jan, 16. BOOK-REVIEWS. Experimental Evolution. By HENRY de VARIGNY. London and New York, Macmillan & Co. $1.50. THROUGHOUT the whole line of biological research the progress of advance has been from statical to dynamical science. The first study is always a study of facts of nature as they exist, of their relations to each other and of their history. Later follows the study of nature in motion accompanied by experimental work and an endeavor to modify the activities of nature. Already biologists have inaugurated the science of experimental evolution, and this book by De Varigny is designed to start biologists to the study of a new science which the author calls experimental evolution. This work consists of a series of lectures originally delivered by the author before the Summer School of Art and Science at Edinburgh. The author points out that while the various lines of biological research, embryological, paleontological and morphological, all point in the direction of evolutionary theory, they fail to be conclusive demonstrations of evolution, because no one of them shows us the process of evolution in action. Evolution is an inference from the facts, but not a demonstrated truth. There is needed as a final test experimental study in regard to the production of new species by process of nature. To the discussion of the possibility of this branch of experimentation, these lectures are devoted. The author first summarizes, in an extremely interesting fashion, the chief lines of fact which have been collected in connection with variations of animals in nature. Second, in a similar way, he summarizes and discusses variations which are known in animals under domestication. Third, he endeavors to show how these variations are under the influence of conditions; conditions of environment, conditions of heredity, conditions of interbreeding, etc.; and, last, he tries to point out how it may be possible in the future for the experimenter so to regulate these conditions of environment as to cause at will actual changes to take place in the structure and characteristics of animals and plants which may result in the not too greatly distant future in the production of new species and hence in the final demonstration of a doctrine of evolution. Although largely a compilation the work is withal interspersed with many new and interesting observations made by the author in connection with the subjects discussed, the changes in the structure and characteristics of animals brought about by the changes in conditions surrounding them. The series of lectures is extremely interesting and suggestive. It will be found to contain a most excellent summary of the important facts known in regard to variations and the conditions regulating variations in animals and plants, and it will also be found to be full of suggestions to guide further experiments in the future. The work perhaps shows some trace of lack of sufficient care and occasionally carelessness in quotations from the authors cited, but on the whole we must regard these lectures as an extremely valuable addition to our knowledge of the doctrine of evolution and possibly as a steppingstone into a new department of investigation upon the doctrine of evolution. Especially important are they as opening a new field of research, which is so broad and yet so close at hand that there is opportunity for all to work therein with strong confidence in being able to obtain valuable results. Text-Book of Elementary Biology. By H. J. CAMPBELL, M.D. London and New York, Macmillan & Co. $1.60. THE last few years have seen the publication of several books on elementary biology, and those already published very satisfac. torily fill the need felt by schools for such works. One can but wonder at the appearance of this new book by Dr. Campbell, especially when we see that it covers practically the same ground as some of the others and in no more satisfactory a manner. The book is entitled Introduction to the Study of Elementary Biology, but it certainly could never be used as such unless it were accompanied by a long course of lectures or by considerable assistance in practical work. The text is too condensed, the subject too crowded and everything is treated in too concise a manner to be intelligible to a student who is beginning to study elementary biology. In some places the text is scarcely more than a catalogue of anatomical details perfectly unintelligible without a large amount of outside assistance. The book is divided into two parts, the first giving general biological truths and the second CALENDAR OF SOCIETIES. Chemical Society, Washington. Dec. 8.-Subject of Discussion, National Chemical Society Plans. Jan. 12.-Ninth Annual Meeting. Officers elected President, Dr. F. P. Dewey; vicepresidents, Mr. Cabell Whitehead, Mr. K. P. McElroy; treasurer, Dr. E. A. de Schweinitz; secretary, Dr. A. C. Peale; additional members of executive committee, Professor H. W. Wiley, Professor F. W. Clarke, Dr. Thomas Chatard, and Professor R. H. Warder. Papers were read as follows: On Some Old Vegetable and Animal Oils, by K. P. McElroy and W. D. Bigelow. An examination had been made of thirteen oils that had formed part of the exhibit at the Centennial Exposition of 1876, with the view of determining the effect of age. The conclusion reached was that age diminishes the iodine number of oils and fats but increases the ether and free acid members. On Some Problems of Physical Chemistry, by Robert B. Warder, who submitted the following as some of the open problems. 1. What is the real nature of matter in atoms and in molecules, in elements and compounds, and in the several states of aggregation? 2. How far can the properties of each kind of matter be exposed as a function of the atoms (or other constituents) of which it is composed? 3. What are the mechanical possibilities and limitations of chemical change? Subject discussed, What May We Hope to Gain from the Congress of Chemistry at Chicago Next August. giving more detailed descriptions of a few types. The author advises the student to read the two parts together and not consecutively, a precedure which most students would be sure not to follow. The author also strongly advises a student to do a considerable amount of practical work in connection with the reading. but nowhere in the book does he give any directions for such practical laboratory work, any directions for obtaining material or for using it, so that a student would be utterly unable to work in the laboratory by the use of this book alone. In short, the book as an introduction is impracticable unless it is accompanied by considerable personal direction on the part of instructors. Seemingly this book is designed chiefly for medical students, or at least so one would judge from the apportionment of space allowed to types. Of 160 pages which are devoted to types, over 55 are taken by the study of parasitic worms including leeches, 31 more with the unicellular organisms, leaving less than 30 pages for all the rest of the animal kingdom, including invertebrates; perhaps the most curious apportionment of space to be found in any text-book. While for an elementary text-book it seems to be not usable, the work does contain an interesting summary of biological principles and facts which would be instructive and pleasant reading to a person already acquainted with elementary biology and wanting an outline summary of leading biological principles. For such a purpose the book many be recommended, and will be found readable and instructive. Physics. Advanced Course. By GEORGE F. BARKER, Professor of Physics in the University of Pennsylvania. American Science Series. New York, Henry Holt & Co. 902 p. 8°. THIS addition to the excellent series of scientific text-books published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. will be welcomed by teachers of physics both on account of Professor Barker's reputation as a teacher and as an investigator. In the preface the author states that the progress which has been made in physical science within the past decade has com New York Academy of Sciences, Biologi- to be Divisible into Two Groups. (a) those cal Section. producing both petalous and apetalous flowers, and (b) those in which the petalous Jan. 9.-A. A. Julien, Suggestions in Miflowers are developed. Of the two naturalcroscopical Technique, including (a) a car-ized species, one, in the south-eastern part rier of cover impressions (mycoderm blood), the United States, L. striata (shrug) H. and utilizing as clamps a coil of brass wire moulded in a phial. The same device with A., is a native of eastern Asia, appearing (about 1848) in Georgia. a platinum coil serves as a convenient staining phial for cover-glass preparations. (b) A suggested medium for mounting delicately intractile protoplasmic objects. (c) Devices for avoiding inclusion of air-bubbles in mounts. (d) Balsam-paraffine as a ring varnish. O. S. Strong, On the Components of Cranial Nerves of Amphibia. In the seventh a dorsal root was shown to pass off into brain, representing Ophthalmicus, Superficialis, Facialis, and Buccalis of fishes, and innervating the lateral sense-organs of the head. In vagus a root of similar internal origin passes into the R. laterales, in nervating the lateral sense-organs of the body. Another component of the facialis is the fascicalus communies of Osborn, which was believed to represent the lobus vagi of fishes. This passes off into the palatinus and mandibulaies internus, innervating the mucous epithelium of the oral cavity; while in the glosso-phangugrus and vagus similar components derived from this fasciculus innervate in like manner portions of the alimentary canal and its appendages. The relation of the results to segmentation of head was discussed. N. L. Britton, A Review of the N. A. Species of Lespedeza, With Comments on the Eleven Native Species, Shown Society of Natural History, Boston. Jan. 18-W. M. Davis and students in geological field-work in Harvard University, Report on a Study of Glacial Sand-Plains in Eastern Massachusetts (illustrated by lantern slides). Society for the Advancement of Science, Las Cruces, N.M. Jan. 12.-C. H. Tyler Townsend, Presiden's Annual Address: The Present Status of Science in New Mexico. RESTORE YOUR Cataracts, scars or films can be absorbed and paralyzed nerves restored, without the knife or risk. Diseased eyes or lids can be oured by our home treatment. "We prove it." Hundreds convinced. Our illustrated pamphlet, Home Treatment for Eyes," free. Don't miss it. Everybody wants it. "THE EYE,"Glens Falls, N.Y. pletely changed its aspect, the physics of to-day being distinctly the science of energy. It is from this point of view that the textbook has been written, the classification which has been adopted , being based on the most recent views of energy, considered as being ultimately a phenomenon of the æther. The fact is significant that more than half of the entire work has been devoted to æther-physics. The introductory portion of the book considers, first, physical relations in general, and second, the laws of motion; the latter being discussed, first in the abstract, and second with reference to the action of force upon matter. Under mass-physics energy is first treated of as a mass-condition, and then work, as being done whenever energy is transferred or transformed; the subject of potential being developed as a consequence of mass-attraction. The properties of matter are next considered, including the mod. ern views of its structure; and then follows the subject of sound considered as a mass-vibration. Under molecular physics the phenomena of heat alone are treated; the term heat being restricted, in accordance with modern usage, to molecular kinetic energy. Under the head of æther-physics are grouped: (1) æther-vibration or radiation, (2) æther-stress or electrostatics, (3) etber-vortices or magnetism, and (4) æther-flow or electrokinetics; following the classification so well set forth by Lodge. Radiation is considered broadly without any special reference to those wave-frequencies which excite vision and are ordinarily called light. The ground covered is that which is usually traversed by students in the more extended courses in physics in our leading universities, colleges, and technological institutes. The book is well printed and well illustrated, a colored magnetic map of the United States being given as a frontispiece. The text is interspersed with examples, and descriptions of illustrative experiments in smaller type. The metric system has been used throughout, and all the units employed are those of the C. G. S. system. Dyspepsia Dr. T. H. Andrews, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, says of Horsford's Acid Phosphate. "A wonderful remedy which gave me most gratifying results in the worst forms of dyspepsia." It reaches various forms of Dyspepsia that no other medicine seems to touch, assisting the weakened stomach, and making the process of digestion natural and easy. Although the preface only bears date of October 1, 1892, a second edition has already been issued. AMONG THE PUBLISHERS. A NEW edition of Haeckel's "The History of Creation," has been issued in Germany, and a translation, revised by Professor E. Ray Lankester, is just published in this country by D Appleton & Co. The book is a popular exposition of the doctrine of evolution in general, and of that of Darwin, Goethe, and Lamarck in particular. The reviser calls it "a statement of the views of one of the most learned, experienced, and honored naturalists of modern times." It is issued in two volumes, with numerous illustrations. - D. Appleton & Co. publish a "Dictionary of Every-Day German and English," by Martin Krummacher, Ph.D. In addition to the dictionaries proper, it contains lists of the most important technical terms, proper names spelled differently in the two languages, a sound-notation, an outline of grammar, and several pages of "travel talk" in parallel columns. - Ginn & Company announce "A Students' Manual of a Laboratory Course in Physical Measurements," by W. C. Sabine, Instructor in Harvard University, to be published in February. The manual will contain an outline of seventy experiments in mechanics, sound, heat, light, magnetism, and electricity, arranged with special regard to a systematic and progressive development of the subject. The description of each experiment will be accompanied by a brief statement of the physical principles and definitions involved, and a proof of necessary formulae. That the manual may be of more ready and general service a set of apparatus has been designed which is especially adapted to the course and can be found complete on the market. The book is intended for use in supplementing college courses in physics. Reading Matter Notices. Exchanges. [Free of charge to all, if of satisfactory character. A evenings in geometry, trigonometry and sur Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.] The undersigned has the following specimens to exchange for crystals of any eastern or foreign localities or Indian relics: tin ore, metacinnabarite, stibnite, garnierite, calenanite, hanksite, ulexite, ite, aragonite on chalcedony, cinnabar, double rerubellite, lepidolite, blue and green onyx, Cal. pinefracting spar, clear and clouded, and others. J. R. Bush, care of General Delivery, Los Angeles, Cal. For sale or exchange.-A private cabinet of about 200 species of fossils, well distributed geologically and geographically. Silurian, about 40; Devonian. about 50; Carboniferous, about 80; others, about 30. Frank S. Aby, State University, Iowa City, Ia. GRADUATE ENGINEER will give instruction veying, mechanics, physics, mechanical drawing and general engineering construction. Five years' experience in field and editorial work on engineering journal. References furnished. C. S. H., 102 Tribune Building, New York. land shells, native woods, Indian relics, two vols. of Smithsonian reports, odd numbers of scientific For sale or suitable exchange.-A spectrometer of diges-ics, Ohio University, Athens, O. Descriptive pamphlet free on application to Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I. Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. For sale by all Druggists. I will send British land and fresh-water shells in The Biological Department of Hamline University B WANTED.-By well qualified and experienced science master and associate of the Royal School of Mines, London, aged 26 (at present in England), a mastership in technical college or university for any of the following subjects: Engineering sciences, geology and mineralogy, physics, chemistry and metallurgy, etc., etc. Can provide excel lent references and credentials. Apply, J. G., 17 Sussex St., Rochdale, England. GRADUATE of the University of Pennsylvania and a practical mineralogist of twenty years' experience desires to give his services and a cabinet of 25,000 specimens, all named, with about the same number of duplicates, in minerals, crystals, rocks, gems, fossils, shells, archæological and ethnosiring a fine outfit for study. The owner will inlogical specimens and woods to any institution decrease the cabinet to 50,000 specimens in two years and will act as curator. Correspondence solicited from any scientific institution. J. W. Hortter, M.D., Ph.D., San Francisco, Cal., General P. O. Delivery. POPULAR MANUAL OF VISIBLE SPEECH AND VOCAL PHYSIOLOGY. For use in Colleges and Normal Schools. Price 50 cents ACK NUMBERS and complete sets of leading Mag-Sent free by post by Schoharie NY N. D. C. HODGES, 874 Broadway, N. Y. Arnold, Constable & Co. LYONS SILKS, Ball and Dinner Dress Silks, WEDDING GOWN STUFFS, Bridesmaid's Dress Stuffs, PLAID AND STRIPE TAFFETAS, Chine and Ombre Silks, BROCADES, SATINS, Moire Antiques, This book is the result of an attempt to collect the scattered notices of fossil resins, exclusive of those on amber. 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