examination a very old deed of gift, bearing a date of 1671, made by Alderman John Trippe, in favour of Elizabeth, wife of Alderman Ffroggat, all of this town. This John Trippe figures very prominently in the Johnson manuscripts, wherein it is stated that in 1651 he was elected a Chamberlain, and in 1659 Sheriff. In 1660 he was a candidate for representing the borough, in opposition to Andrew Marvel, there being at that period six candidates, and at the close Trippe stood third on the poll. He was elected mayor of Hull in 1669. The deed is in an excellent state of preservation, and the signature, "John Trippe" is affixed to a seal at the bottom of the vellum. The deed commences with the following "To all Christian People to whom this present writing shall come to be soon read or heard, John Trippe, of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the county of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull, Alderman, sendeth greeting in our Lord God everlasting. Know yee that he the said John Trippe for and in consideration of that natural love and fatherly affection, in which he hath beareth unto Elizabeth Ffroggat, wife of George Ffroggat, of Kingston-upon-Hull aforesaid, merchant, and of his daughter, and unto Trippe Ffroggat his grandson, and son of the said George Ffroggat and Elizabeth his wife, as also for divers other good causes considerating him thereunto moving: Hath given, granted, enfeoffed, confirmed, and by those presents doth for and from him give, grant, enfeoff, and confirm unto the said Elizabeth Ffroggat and John Trippe Ffroggat, all that dwelling-house, being within the town of Kingston-upon-Hull aforesaid, in a certain street called now Salthouse Lane," &c. &c. Then follows a description of the property, and likewise of the occupants. The MS. finishes with the following:-" In witness whereof he the said John Trippe hath hereunto sett his hand and seal the Eight and Twentieth day of April, in the Three and Twentieth years of the reign of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second, by the grace of God King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith. Anno Domini, 1671." The document is most beautifully engrossed, and in a splendid state of preservation.

With respect to the "Vittorio Emanuele" Library at Rome, the correspondent of the Standard writes, under date Naples, Sept. 19:-An inquiry has lately been held respecting certain facts relating to the library "Vittorio Emanuele" in Rome, from which it seems that, under the administration of the Minister Bonghi, many abuses have taken place, and that the library has been scandalously robbed. Before the catalogue was made or the rooms placed under proper custody the library was opened, and a quantity of books were sold at the price of a few centimes the pound. No fewer than three rooms were emptied of their contents, and the transport of books lasted forty days, 10,872 kilogrammes of volumes in all being sold for 3,654 francs. Among these books were hundreds of volumes of the **Cause dei Santi," and also a "Savonarola," which was afterwards resold at a high price. The system was introduced of paying the assistants for working on Sundays by allowing them to sell "waste paper,' and it has now been discovered that various fragments of editions of the year 400 and the original edition of the "Letters of Christopher Columbus on the Discovery

of America" were sold as waste paper! Twelve hundred-weight of books and pamphlets were taken from the library, and rediscovered in 1877 in the cellar of a pastry-cook in Florence. Amongst these were found the "Edicts of Queen Elizabeth of England against the Jesuits," an edition of a book called “Gieta e Birria," attributed to Boccaccio, and the "Process of the Anointers (untori) of Milan," a very rare volume, there being only two other copies in Milan, one of which is incomplete. The Prefect of the National Library of Florence has deposed that he acquired nearly six thousand books and pamphlets which, from certain signs, he believes to have belonged to the "Vittorio Emanuele" Library. A priest named Bartolucci, an assistant librarian, has confessed that he subtracted from the library many precious books and manuscripts. The purchasing of books was carried on in an equally reckless manner. Many volumes were bought without proper authorization, and many others merely to favour some impecunious booksellers. Other costly but useless works were purchased from private individuals, and sometimes at a higher price than was demanded. The total expenditure for purchasing books and reviews in 1876-77-78 amounted to 180,000 francs. The administration of the library appears to have been most scandalous, and it is to be hoped that measures will be taken by the authorities to punish the offenders.

Among objects possessing locally some antiquarian interest, shown at the late annual fair of the Toronto Industrial Exhibition Association, were the following, which have a bearing on the origin and etymology of the name "Toronto":-1. Herman Moll's "New Map of the North Parts of America, &c., sold by H. Moll, over against Devereux Court between Temple Bar and St. Clement's Church, in the Strand, where you may have his New and Compleat Atlas, or Twenty-seven Two-sheet Maps, bound or single, all composed and done according to the newest and most exact observations." This map, dated 1720, gives, like Lahontan's and other older maps, the modern Lake Simcoe as "Lake of Toronto," and the neighbouring Matchedash, or Gloucester Bay of Lake Huron, as "Toronto Bay;" showing that the city of Toronto owes its name to a native Indian term applied to Lake Simcoe and the Lake Simcoe region, which, in the Algonquin or Huron dialect, was the "toronto" or "well-peopled district"-i.e., the meeting-place or rendezvous of numerous Algonquin or Huron tribes. 2. Another issue of Herman Moll's map, without date, entitled, "A New and Exact Map of the Dominions of the King of Great Britain on the Continent of North America," giving the same names to Matchedash Bay and Lake Simcoe. 3. "Capt. Carver's Travels in America in 1766, 1767 and 1768," Dublin edition of 1769; open at the page where it is stated that "on the north-west of this lake (viz., Ontario) and the north-east of Lake Huron is a tribe of Indians called the Mississague's, whose chief town is denominated Toronto, from the lake on which it lies" (i.e., the modern Lake Simcoe); where Captain Carver repeats information, probably derived from Lahontan, who ("Nouveaux Voyages," ii. 19), speaking of the "Baye de Toronto" on Lake Huron, says: "Il s'y décharge une rivière qui sort du petit lac de même nom" (ie,, Toronto); and

close by he marks on his map the site of a "gros village de Hurons que les Iroquois ont ruiné”. the site of the subsequent town of the Mississagués. 4. The First Gazetteer of Upper Canada, compiled by David William Smyth, Surveyor-General, and published in 1799 by W. Faden, "Geographer to His Majesty and to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales," Charing Cross, London; open at the article Toronto, which runs as follows? "Toronto, Lake (or Toronto); Lake le Clie [now Lake Simcoe] was formerly so called by some; others called the chain of lakes from the vicinity of Matchedash towards the head of the Bay of Quinté, the Toronto Lakes, and the communication from the one to the other was called the Toronto river;" proving again that the Toronto of to-day owes its name to a term applied by the natives formerly to Lake Simcoe and the Lake Simcoe region, for the reason given in connection with Herman Moll's map. 5. Sketch of the site of Fort Rouillé on Lake Ontario, constructed in 1749, the punctum salieus and germ of the present city of Toronto. The official name Fort Rouillé was superseded by the popular designation "Fort Toronto," which expressed the fact that this was the terminus on Lake Ontario of the portage-track to "Toronto," the important and populous region round Lake Simcoe, formerly so called. 6. Toronto Harbour in 1793, from a sketch made in that year, showing (probably) Bouchette's solitary exploring craft lying at anchor. 7. Castle Frank, near Toronto, from a sketch made in 1793. 8. Fort George and Navy Hall, Niagara, in 1806. 9. Toronto in 1803, showing the Parliament Building destroyed by the Americans in 1813. 10. Toronto in 1813, showing the Block-house at the mouth of the Don. II. Toronto in 1833, shewing Mr. Wort's windmill. 12. Portraits of General Simcoe, first Lieut. -Governor of Upper Canada; Chief Justice Osgoode, after whom Osgoode Hall, the Palais de Justice of Toronto, is named; Sir George Yonge and Right-Hon. Henry Dundas, who gave name respectively to Yonge Street" and "Dundas Street," the first two military highways cut out through the forest of Western Canada. 13. It should be added that in 1878 a cairn was erected at Toronto to mark the site of Fort Rouillé. It bears the following inscription engraved on a fine granite boulder, dredged up from the channel leading into the harbour:-This cairn marks the exact site of Fort Rouillé, commonly known as Fort Toronto, an Indian trading-post and stockade, established A.D. 1749, by order of the Government of Louis XV., in accordance with the recommendations of the Count de la Galissonière, administrator of New France, 1747-1749. Erected by the Corporation of the City of Toronto, A.D. 1878.

Correspondence.

THE FATE OF OLD BOOKS.

On a fly-leaf of an old copy of* Speed's "England" in my possession, I find the following note in the John Speed, a Londoner, writ the story of Britain from the first begining to the year 1605, being the second year of King James." Baker's "Chron."

MS. which I transcribe (verbatim et literatim), as it may possibly interest some other reader of THE ANTIQUARY as well as myself:— "April 29, 1837.

"This old Book was the property of the late John Barton, of Hanley, who died about Xmas last in his 100th year. Was purchased at the Sale by

Thomas Burndred, in a very shattered condition. Barton Travailed with a pack in his younger days, and was said he was a Scotsman. He was the Head Mercer in hanley at one time. Was housekeeper more than 70 years. Before his Marriage, when travelling, he caled at a Gentleman's House and found the cook tearing up this Book to Sing Fowls. He told her it was a pitty to Tear the Book. She said he might have it if he would ask the Master, as they had plenty more in the Lumber Room."

This is followed by a cutting from some local newspaper :

"On Monday last (Dec. 3, 1836), died in his hundredth year, Mr. Barton, of King Street, in this town, formerly a mercer in High Street, where he acquired an independency, and retired from business about 30 years ago. He retained his faculties to the last, and went to the poll for Mr. Wedgewood, at the first election for this borough in 1832.

I have no doubt many interesting notes of this sort might be found in MS. in old books, which would be worth preserving as "Curiosities of Literature," if not otherwise. Verbum sap.

Ballaugh Rectory.

MORIENSIS.

BOOKS CURIOUS AND RARE.

In THE ANTIQUARY for August (p. 63), Mr. C. Walford mentions "The Counter Scuffle, whereunto is added The Counter-Rat, by R. S., 1670," as one of a few works which he never expects to see.

A dilapidated volume in my possession contains, among other curious matter, an imperfect copy of "The Counter Scuffle," and (what I believe to be) a complete one of "The Counter-Rat."

The first edition, published in 1628, had sixteen leaves only; the 1651 and later editions had twentyeight, the last of which was probably blank.

My copy has no paging and the title is wanting. It consists of twenty-one leaves, beginning with B 2, and ending with G 5. The missing leaves are seven: viz., A 1, 2, 3, and 4, B I, D 4 and G 4 (the latter supposed to be blank).

If Mr. Walford would like to view these remains, I will send the volume for his inspection with pleasure. CHARLES RYAN.

5, Cambria Place, Newport, Mon.

In the "Antiquary's Note-Book" of the September number, at p. 125, you quote the complaint of a correspondent who has lost books, and who in turn quotes some clever verses on "The Art of Bookkeeping" which commence

"I of my Spencer quite bereft."

Can any reader say who was the author of the lines? They were transcribed for me some time ago from the album of a lady over eighty years of age, who had copied them many years earlier from a MS. scrapbook. I published the "poem" complete in the Oswestry Advertiser, but failed to discover the author, or whether they had previously been published. ASKEW ROBERTS.

Croeswylan, Oswestry.

"THE ANTIQUARY TIME."

With reference to the quotation from Troilus and Cressida, adopted as a motto on the title-page of THE ANTIQUARY, I suggest that the final s in "times" is a mistake in the text of Shakespeare, and that it ought to be expunged so as to personify Time. "Instructed by the antiquary Time.' That is, antiquary is here an epithet, not an adjective; as the latter it was never used by Shakespeare.

A similar misprision occurs in the modern text of Henry VIII. act ii. scene 1, where Buckingham commends his last wishes to the King:

"And when old Time shall lead him to his end." Here in modern editions time is printed with a small initial letter; but in the folio of 1623 it is printed with a capital initial, which properly personifies it. A. E. BRAE.

Guernsey.

THE LATE MR. E. B. FERREY. Mr. Edmund B. Ferrey asks me to explain a passage in my article in the October number of THE ANTIQUARY about his father's work in Wells Cathedral,* which he thinks will give the impression that Mr. Benjamin Ferrey and Sir Gilbert Scott were joint architects, which was not the case; and he naturally thinks that his father should be credited with the entire restoration of the west front of Wells Cathedral. I quite agree with this, and had no intention of saying otherwise. Mr. E. B. Ferrey acknowledges that "there was no magic in the name of Ferrey like that of Scott; the latter certainly used to attract money for building far more than any other architect's." This was all that I intended to say. He adds that, "Scott only went down once to Wells to make his report, which confirmed and approved of his father's work in every respect. For this he was paid a handsome fee by the Restoration Committee; but the whole of the commission for the superintendence of the work, extending over about three years, was paid to Mr. Benjamin Ferrey. Scott was only called in as consulting architect, and never had anything to do with the work, which was carried on by Ferrey." I never intended to say otherwise; Benjamin Ferrey was a valued friend of mine for 40 years, and I not only liked him personally as a friend, but consider his work as

an architect as some of the best that was done in his time; he was never properly appreciated by the public. The church which he built for Lady BurdettCoutts in Victoria Street, Westminster, might very well pass for having been built in the thirteenth century, which is the highest praise that can be given to a modern Gothic building; unfortunately his design was never carried out, the tower and spire have never been built, or at all events had not been the last time I saw it. To complete his design would be a good memorial to his memory, and if Lady Burdett-Coutts is willing to receive subscriptions towards it, I for one should be willing to give my mite. I have little doubt that many others who knew him would be willing to do the same, especially those who have employed him, and who witnessed the extreme care with which all his work was done, and how anxious he was to avoid putting his employers to any needless expense. I have little doubt that the sum required would soon be raised by subscriptions, if it were understood that they would be readily received.

JOHN HENRY PARKER, C.B.
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

CROMWELL FAMILY.

In an interesting account of the Cromwell family, which appeared in THE ANTIQUARY for October (see p. 164, ante), I find an error. It mentions "an estate at Lavenham, in Norfolk, which had belonged to the Earl of Oxford, whose estates were confiscated to the king after the battle of Towton in 1461."

Lavenham is in Suffolk, and the De Veres, Earls of Oxford, not only held large possessions in the parish, but resided in it in the reign of Henry VI. The beautiful church with its lofty clerestory and noble * See ante, p. 146.

tower was partly rebuilt at the cost of the then Earl of Oxford. The porch, with its wonderful richness of embellishment, is believed to have been erected by John, fourteenth Earl.

W. BRAILSFord. Wellington Chambers, Gateshead-on-Tyne.

FRANKS.

Would Major Bailie kindly say how the very early franks are to be distinguished from official letters, which would of course be free? I have one or two with the name of the sender in the corner of the cover. Would this constitute a frank?

Teignmouth.

EMILY COLE.

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY PRONUNCIA

TION.

The well-known lines of Pope (Rape of the Lock, iii. 7 and 8)

"Here thou, great Anna! whom three realms obey,

Dost sometimes counsel take-and sometimes tea".

are often cited to prove that the word "tea" was in the last century pronounced as "tay." I happened a few days ago to come upon a song written by James Boswell, in which the following lines occur:"When I thought her my own, ah! too short seemed the day

For a jaunt to Downpatrick, or trip on the sea.

*

*

But too late I found even she could deceive,
And nothing was left but to weep and to rave."

The verses are of course not worth quoting, except as pointing either to considerable differences between the pronunciation of that period and that now in vogue, or else to a remarkable laxity in the matter of rhymes. There can be no doubt whatever that the pronunciation of words is no more stereotyped than many other apparently permanent institutions. Our grandmothers, and even our mothers, were taught, for example, to pronounce oblige as if it were spelled obleege. So indeed Pope, in his famous lines on Addison, pro

THE ARMS OF LIVERPOOL.

I find in the ANTIQUARY for August (see p. 79, ante), that the arms for the new diocese of Liverpool, which have just passed at the Herald College, are

66

Argent, an eagle sable, with wings expanded, beak and legs or, holding in the claws of the right foot an ancient writing-case, and having round its head a nimbus of the third; a chief, party per pale, gules and argent; on the dexter half an ancient galley with three masts or, and on the sinister half an open Bible, with the legend Thy Word is truth."" I do not profess to be a herald, but should not the description of a coat of arms be so given that one may be able to depict it from the blazon? If so, may I ask you how should the ancient writing-case be drawn? And can you inform me what meaning this writingcase is intended to convey-what has an ancient writing-case to do with Liverpool? And can you at the same time inform me if the motto "Thy Word is truth" is to be upon the leaves of the open Bible or if placed below or above the book? C. N. ELVIN. East Dereham.

"THE SHAKESPEARE DEATH-MASK."* I venture to send you a copy of a note which I entered in my common-place book in February, 1854, as bearing on this interesting subject.

"Mr. R. D. Grainger has given me the following interesting facts connected with Shakespeare :-A few years ago the house next to the College of Surgeons in Lincoln's Inn Fields was removed in order to allow of the enlargement of the Hunterian Museum. This house was known to have been on the site of the old playhouse built in 1695, and in the course of its demolition the workmen found a stone bust, which they brought to Mr. Clift, the curator of the Museum. It was considered to be a bust of Shakespeare, and it soon fell into the hands of Professor Owen, its present possessor. Shortly after this occurrence a German physician (Becker) requested the professor to take charge of a plaster face-cast, of which he gave the following account :-It had been taken from the face of Shakespeare after death, came into possession of his family at that time, and had been handed down as an heir-loom. During his absence from Germany it was sold with some other property, and on becoming aware of the fact he immediately travelled some hundreds of miles in the hope of regaining it. This he succeeded in accomplishing, having found it in some Jew's shop in Frankfort, and repurchased it.

"The most singular part of the story is this, how *See ante, p. 63.

ever, that on comparison the cast was found exactly to resemble the bust. Mr. Grainger's words were, I believe, the cast exactly fitted the bust, and corresponded with it in every line and wrinkle.' Mr. Grainger also assures me that hairs of the beard are left adhering to the plaster.

"Both the bust and the cast, I believe, are at Professor Owen's house in Richmond Park."

"Mrs. Fanny Kemble (Mrs. Butler), who visited Diss in January, 1855, confirmed the story in toto. She had seen the cast, hairs and all, at Mr. Owen's house." I have a later note stating that the cast is taken back to Germany, but this, I hope, is incorrect. It will be seen that there are differences between the account as given by Mr. Grainger and that contained in your magazine, but they are not important. THOMAS E. AMYOT. Diss, Norfolk.

THE POLITENESS OF OUR FORE

FATHERS.

I have read with some interest the article by Mr. Hamilton, at p. 57 of your current volume, on "The Politeness of our Forefathers;" but I am afraid he is in error in describing the book he purchased as "complete," and as "a little booklet of 178 pages, published in the year MDCLXXV., for I have a copy of the work containing no less than 300 pages. I have compared your correspondent's quotations from his copy and (with the exception of one or two clerical inaccuracies) they correspond with mine. W. A. SMITH.

Cumberland Villa, The Hill,
Sutton, Surrey.

GLOVES.

In your number for July (see page 6, ante), in the Chapter on Gloves, Portsmouth is cited as one of the towns in which the custom exists of announcing the beginning of a fair by hanging out or displaying a glove in a prominent position. Its special meaning at such a time was freedom from arrest while the fair lasted. Like most other old customs, its memory is now fast dying out, the ceremony having been discontinued in Portsmouth since the abolition of the Free Mart Fair in 1846. This fair commenced at midnight, July 9, and lasted for fifteen days. As soon as the clock struck twelve, the town sergeant "put out the glove" at the Town Hall, an open hand in a gauntlet. In 1840, some person, imagining that the absence of the hand would stop the holding of the fair, purloined it, and sent it to America. In 1843, some of the inhabitants, by a subscription, provided another open hand, of the natural size, naked; the wrist in gilded mail, and on the fore-finger a ring bearing the device of Richard I., a crescent and sevenrayed star, being also the arms of the borough granted by that king. Since 1846 this hand has not been displayed in public, but it is still in existence.

120, High Street, Portsmouth.

W. H. LONG.

Books Received.

Old Cardross. By D. Murray, Esq., F.S. A. Scot. (Glasgow: J. Maclehose.)-An Account of the Roman Pavement discovered at Woodchester. (Stroud : J. Elliott.)-The Hamnet Shakspeare. Part VI. Coriolanus. By Allan P. Paton. (Longmans & Co.) -The Ancient British Church. By the Rev. J. Pryce, M.A. (Longmans & Co.)-Of Englishe Dogges: Reprint of a Treatise in Latin by Johannis Caius, 1576. (Bazaar Office, 170, Strand.)-Lancashire Inquisitions. Vol. I. By J. P. Rylands. (Record Society.)- Diprose's Book of Epitaphs. (Diprose & Bateman.)-Some Fuller Descents. By J. F. Fuller, F.S.A. (Privately printed.)-Rathmore and its Traditions. (Trim: J. Moore.)-The Camp of Refuge. By S. H. Miller, F.R.A.S. (Simpkin, Marshall & Co.)-Some Account of the Family of Wezener, or Weiseener. By the Rev. R. C. Jenkins. (Privately printed.)-Primitive Folk-moots. By G. L. Gomme, F.S.A. (Sampson Low & Co.)-The Earth. By John Hampden. (Guest, 20, Warwick Lane.)Calendar of State Papers (Domestic Series) of the reign of Charles I., 1640. Edited by W. Douglas Hamilton, Esq., F.S.A. (Longmans & Co.)-Calendar of State Papers (Foreign Series) of the reign of Elizabeth, 1575-77. Edited by A. J. Crosby, Esq., M.A. (Longmans & Co.)-Asgard and the Gods. Edited by W. S. W. Anson. (Sonnenschein & Allen, Paternoster Square.)-Life of Field-Marshal Count Moltke. Edited by Captain H. M. Hozier. (Sonnenschein & Allen.)

Motices to Correspondents.

We again beg to warn numismatists with respect to the operations of a coin dealer, who resides not a hundred miles from Nottingham, and who continues to offer for sale some very clever imitations of Roman and Anglo-Saxon coins, rare medals, &c., mostly so cleverly executed as to deceive even a skilled numismatist.