He has His Royal Highness Albert Edward Prince of Wales was born on November 9, 1841. thus just completed his twelfth year, with every promise of becomingly filling that high position to which he was born. The portrait shows him a fine manly boy, already imbued with those tastes so congenial to his countrymen, and so calculated to increase their regard for him. If the Princes of any State might sit for their pictures on horseback, none surely should sit better or firmer than an English one. The Prince of Wales is the second in a family which also includes the following members :-The Princess Royal, Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, born Nov. 21, 1840; the Princess Alice Maud Mary, born April 25, 1843; the Prince Alfred Ernest Albert, born Aug. 6, 1844; the Princess Helena Augusta Victoria, born May 25, 1846; the Princess Louisa Caroline Alberta, born March 18, 1848; the Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert, born May 1, 1850; the Prince Leopold George Duncan Albert, born April 7, 1853. THE PROPERTY OF HENRY HALL, ESQ., OF DUDDING HILL FARM, WILLESDEN, MIDDLESEX Cleveland Shortlegs is a good bay or brown horse, with black legs, standing sixteen hands and an inch high, with immense bone, and excellent temper. He is now rising seven years old, and has covered two seasons; his first in 1852, with Mr. Groves, at Plumpton Hall, Yorkshire, and last year at Dudding Hill, having been purchased by the Messrs. Hall, at a long figure. Cleveland Shortlegs, bred by Mr. Edward Temperley, late of Holywell Bank Top, Northumberland, is of the old original Cleveland breed, and got by the celebrated Noble Surprise, dam by Old Golden Elephant, grandam by Summer Cock. This mare, the grandam, was bred by Messrs. Ferguson, of Catterick Bridge, who sold her for a large sum to Mr. Nicholson, of Berwick Hall, for the stud. To pursue the pedigree, we have the great grandam by Luck's-all, and the great great grandam Cleveland Fancy. Noble Surprise was by Bay Chilton, by Catfoss; Catfoss by Old Grand Turk. Old Golden Elephant, the sire of Cleveland Shortlegs' dam, was by Noble, and Noble by Joliffe. This mare, the dam of Shortlegs, is also the dam of Young Triumph, sold at two years old for a very large price, to go abroad. She is allowed to be one of the best Clevelands in the three kingdoms, and her produce certainly do everything to warrant the character. Cleveland Shortlegs is advertised at three guineas a mare, but at half price for any farmer residing within the hunt of the Neasdon Harriers. B ON SOME PROPOSED SUBSTITUTES FOR GUANO. BY CUTHBERT W. JOHNSON, ESQ., F.R.S. or otherwise procuring a substitute from some other sources. To the first alternative, the attention of the chemist has long been directed; the reward offered by the Royal Agricultural Society may have a tendency to increase the number of those already engaged in so valuable and so national a research. Their deputation to Lord Palmerston may have a similar effect, although the immediate object the deputation had in view is not very likely to be attained; for to endeavour to persuade any foreign government to sell at a lower rate an article of merchandise which that government can already sell at the existing price as fast as it can be shipped, seems to be rather a forlorn undertaking. It may, then, be useful, at such a period as this, when these great efforts are under consideration in aid of the agriculture of England, if we just refresh our memories by referring to the analyses of different guanos, as well as to those of a few of the different manures which have been suggested as substitutes. Guano, as I have elsewhere stated (Farmers3 Almanac), varies considerably in composition. Most of those of commerce have been analyzed by Professor J. F. Johnston (Ag. Gaz., vol. iii., p. 244). He found in these, per cent. : Earthy Chilian Bolivian.. Peruvian Patagonian 1850. 1851. Ammo 2,626 6,183 5,587 dark.. 14 22 43 56 33 44 In the year 1852, the imports of guano of all kinds into England amounted to 129,889 tons. Algoa Bay.... { The result to which Admiral Moresby arrives he thus gives at the conclusion of his despatch:"From the plans and elevations of Mr. M'Intosh, from my personal examination and information. gathered from those on the islands conversant with the working, I am of opinion that at the present average rate of exportation, the islands would be exhausted of the guano which would pay freight, or be saleable in the English market, in eight or nine years." With the growing demand, then, for this valuable fertilizer, with a source of supply gradually diminishing, it becomes of great importance to find out, if possible, some mode of manufacturing a manure, Halifax Bird's Island.. 2.26 23.93 24.47 25.49 Patagonian, light 40.99 20 24 to 32 Considerable attention has been recently excited by the discovery of very large accumulations of guano on an island off the eastern coast of Africa. It seems, however, from the following analyses by Prosessor Anderson, that they are of a quality | more resembling Saldanha Bay than Peruvian guano : Water the same field as those very sea-birds who manufactured the Peruvian guano for us; their food being almost entirely fish-their excreta, constituted of the remains of fish, formed those guano beds, in a rainless climate, from whence our mariners are shipping the guano of Peru. The process of Mr. Pettit was stated, at a recent discussion by the members of the Royal Dublin Society, to consist chiefly in treating refuse fishy matter with sul11.45 15.87 phuric acid, by which a pulp is produced, that needs 51.59 59.6 only drying to form a manure, 100 parts of which, 9.29 0.0 when analyzed by Professor Way, gave the follow8.29 ing general results: No. 1. No. 2. 8.52 No. 3. 21.88 35.41 8.0 10.96 21.59 8.19 2.73 100.0 0.77 Phosph. acid in alk. salts 0.0 The great difficulty in the case of preparing a substitute for this manure, is to procure a supply of ammonia, or other nitrogenous substance, at a sufficiently reasonable rate. Then the salts of ammonia of commerce (in which the ammonia exists in a still more concentrated state than in guano) bear a comparatively still higher price; the sulphate of ammonia, for instance, which yields 14 per cent. of ammonia, is worth £15 to £16 a ton. true that fish are, on some of the shores of our The carbonate, which contains 43 per cent. of amislands, to be obtained, at certain seasons, at a very monia, is sold at about £66 per ton; and the mulow rate; but then we must remember that in fish riate, which holds about 32 per cent of ammonia, we have to deal with an article which is of an exceedsells for about £24 per ton. Even the animal maing watery nature; even the muscle of animals has nure, from Buenos Ayres, which contains nitrogebeen shown by Berzelius to contain more than 77 nous substances, equal to about only 8 per cent. of per cent. of water; it would not, therefore, probaammonia, is worth about £6 per ton. This fertibly be far from the truth if we estimate that to prolizer is composed of the refuse matters of the flesh of the wild cattle of South America, after the tallow has been steamed from it. It has been examined by Dr. Anderson (T. H. S., 1850, p. 367) and by Professor Way (Johnson's Fertilizers, p. 134.) For the following analysis of this manure, by Professor T. Way, we are indebted to the obliging communication of the London Manure Company : duce a ton of guano (as by Mr. Pettit's plan), about nine or ten tons of fish would be required. The Essex farmers, who use fish as a manure pretty extensively, deem a dressing of 50 or 60 bushels of sprats to be a fair dressing for oats, and that these produce a powerful effect, especially in moist seasons, equal to a dressing of 3 or 4 cwt. per acre of guano; allowing a bushel of fish to weigh 56lbs., this would be equal to a dressing of 11 tons per acre; and allowing nine-tenths of this to be water, we have an application of about 3 cwt. of solid animal matter per acre. It remains, then, to be seen, if refuse fish can be obtained in sufficient quantities to enable our chemical friends to produce a supply of the British guano. I own I feel some doubts upon this head, although, when lately on the coasts of Cornwall and Devon, the vast shoals of pilchards and other fish which frequent those magnificent shores, did appear to be almost inexhaustible. Other attempts are now making to produce a rich nitrogenous manure from the sewage matters of our towns; and these plans may be divided into |