But, soft! enough, too much, I fear; Yet will she blush, here be it said, [xx.] Live with me, and be my love, There will I make thee a bed of roses, A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs ; And if these pleasures may thee move. Then live with me and be my love. LOVE'S ANSWER. 350 360 And there sung the dolefull'st ditty, That to hear it was great pity: 390 Fie, fie, fie,' now would she cry; All thy friends are lapp'd in lead; Every one that flatters thee Words are easy, like the wind; Every man will be thy friend Whilst thou hast wherewith to spend ; But if store of crowns be scant, No man will supply thy want. If that one be prodigal, 400 410 420 430 SONNETS. (WRITTEN BETWEEN 1595-1605.) INTRODUCTION. The Sonnets of Shakespeare suggest, perhaps, the most difficult questions in Shakespearean eriticism. In 1609 appeared these poems in a quarto (published almost certainly without the author's sanction), which also contained A Lover's Complaint. The publisher, Thomas Thorpe, dedicated them "To the onlie begetter of these ensuing sonnets, Mr. W. H." Does " begetter mean the person who inspired them and so brought them into existence, or only the obtainer of the Sonnets for Thorpe? Probably the former. And wh is Mr. W. H.? It is clear from sonnet 135 that the Christian-name of Shakespeare's friend to whom the first 126 sonnets were addressed was William. But what William? There is not even an approach to certainty in any answer offered to this question. Scme have supposed that W. H. is a blind to conceal and yet express the initials H. W.i.e. Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, Shakespeare's patron. Others hold that William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke (to whom, together with his brother, the first folio was dedicated), is here addressed. When were the Sonnets written? We know that Meres in 1598 spoke of Shakespeare's "sugred sonnets among his private friends," and that in 1599 two (138 and 144) were printed in The Passionate Pilgrim. Some, to judge by their style, seem to belong to the time when Romeo and Juliet was written. Others-as for example 66-74-echo the sadder tone which is heard in Hamlet and Measure for Measure. The writing of the Sonnets certainly extended over a consider. able period of time, at least three years (see 104), and perhaps a longer period. They all, probably, lie somewhere between 1595 and 1605. The Sonnets consist of two series, the first (from 1 to 126) addressed to a young man; the other (from 127 to 154) addressed to or referring to a woman. But both series allude to events which connect one two persons with one another and with Shakespeare. The young friend, whom Shakespeare loved with a fond idolatry, was beautiful, clever, rich in the gifts of fortune, and of high rank. The woman was of stained character, false to her husband, the reverse of beautiful, dark-eyed, pale-faced, a musician, possessed of a strange power of attraction. To her fascination Shakespeare yielded himself, and in his absence she laid her shares for Shakespeare's friend and won him. Hence a coldness, estrangement, and for some time a complete severance between Shakespeare and his friend, after a time followed by acknowledgment of fault on both sides and a complete reconciliation. So the Sonnets must be interpreted if we accept the natural sense they seem to bear. But several critics have held that they are either altogether of an idea! nature or allegorical, or were written in part by Shakespeare not for himself but for the use of others. The natural sense, however, is probably the true one. TO THE ONLIE BEGETTER OF OUR EVER-LIVING POET THE WELL-WISHING ADVENTURER IN SETTING T. T. 1. FROM fairest creatures we desire increase, Feed'st thy light'st flame with self-substantial Making a famine where abundance lies, Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend Nature's bequest gives nothing but doth lend, Thy unused beauty must be tomb'd with thee, Which, used, lives th' executor to be. V. Those hours, that with gentle work did frame The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell, Will play the tyrants to the very same Beauty o'ersnow'd and bareness every where Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet. VI. Then let not winter's ragged hand deface place With beauty's treasure, ere it be self-kill'd. That use is not forbidden usury Which happies those that pay the willing loan; That's for thyself to breed another thee, Leaving thee living in posterity? Be not self-will'd, for thou art much too fair To be death's conquest and make worms thine heir. In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear. Mark how one string, sweet husband to another, Strikes each in each by mutual ordering, Resembling sire and child and happy mother Who all in one, one pleasing note do sing: Whose speechless song, being many, seeming one, Sings this to thee: 'thou single wilt prove none. IX. Is it for fear to wet a widow's eye The world will be thy widow and still weep Look, what an unthrift in the world doth spend Shifts but his place, for still the world enjoys it; But beauty's waste hath in the world an end, And kept unused, the user so destroys it. No love toward others in that bosom sits That on himself such murderous shame commits. For shame! deny that thou bear'st love to any, Who for thyself art so unprovident. Seeking that beauteous roof to ruinate Shall hate be fairer lodged than gentle love? XI. As fast as thou shalt wane, so fast thou grow est In one of thine, from that which thou departest; And that fresh blood which youngly thou bestowest Thou mayst call thine when thou from youth convertest. Herein lives wisdom, beauty and increase: Without this, folly, age and cold decay If all were minded so, the times should cease And threescore year would make the world away. Let those whom Nature hath not made for store, Harsh featureless and rude, barrenly perish: Look, whom she best endow'd she gave the more; Which bounteous gift thou shouldst in bounty cherish : She carved thee for her seal, and meant thereby Thou shouldst print more, not let that copy die. XII. When I do count the clock that tells the time, Then of thy beauty do I question make, And die as fast as they see others grow; And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence. XIII. O, that you were yourself! but, love, you are So should that beauty which you hold in Who lets so fair a house fall to decay, You had a father: let your son say so. XIV. Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck; Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date But wherefore do not you a mightier way Now stand you on the top of happy hours, Much liker than your painted counterfeit : To give away yourself keeps yourself still, And you must live, drawn by your own sweet skill. And summer's lease hath all too short a date: But thy eternal summer shall not fade When in eternal lines to time thou growest : Nor draw no lines there with thine antique pen; Him in thy course untainted do allow Yet, do thy worst, old Time: despite thy wrong, My love shall in my verse ever live young. XX. A woman's face with Nature's own hand painted Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion; A woman's gentle heart, but not acquainted With shifting change, as is false women's fashion; An eye more bright than theirs, less false in rolling, Gilding the object whereupon it gazeth; And for a woman wert thou first created; And by addition me of thee defeated, By adding one thing to my purpose nothing. But since she prick'd thee out for women's |