CROSBY'S VITALIZED PHOSPHITES Composed of the Nerve-giving Principles of the Ox Brain and the Embryo of the Wheat and Oat. Is a standard remedy with physicians who treat nervous or mental disorders. The formula is on every label. As it is identical in its composition with brain matter it is rapidly absorbed and relieves the depression from mental efforts, loss of memory, fatigue or mental irritability. Sleeplessness, irritation, nervous exhaustion, inability to work or study is but BRAIN HUNGER, in urgent cases BRAIN STARVATION. It aids in the bodily and wonderfully in the mental development of children. It is a vital phosphite, not a laboratory phosphate or soda water absurdity. 56 W. 25th St., N. Y. For sale by Druggists, or by Mail, $1. BOOK-NOTES. Calendar of Societies. Dec. 3. Percy T. Osborne, The Palmetto Railroad, the Connecting Link in a New Through Line to the South. R. B. Osborne, The Unaccountable Deficiency in the Track of American Railways. University Club, Columbia, Mo. Dec. 5.-E. A. Allen, Traces of Middle English Dialects in Modern English. Publications received at Editor's Office, Dec. 5-10. the United States and British possessions. | J. E. Codman, Description, illustrated by Speci- Mr. William C. Harris, editor of The It is proposed to issue the initial number at mens, etc., of Cement Tests, showing the EfAmerican Angler, during the past five years an early date, followed by consecutive issues fect the Shapes of Specimens had upon the Results; G. R. Henderson, Boiler Specifications. has been engaged in the collection of mate- on the 15th of each month. The terms will rial for an extended work on the fishes of be $1.50 per number, the subscriber to reNorth America, which it is designed to illus-serve the privilege of discontinuing his subtrate by chromo-lithography. With this latter scription if the plates and text of the first object in view, he has spent many months on part are not satisfactory. The expense of selected fishing-waters, where, accompanied publication will be very large, the plates by a skilled artist, he has caught most of the alone aggregating fifteen thousand dollars, prominent game-fishes of America, which and it is earnestly hoped that the anglers of were transferred, on the spot, to the canvas, America will aid Mr. Harris in publishing a before the sheen of their color-tints had representative work on a scale commensurate faded. In many studies of individual fish with the importance and refinement of the the artist has caught the coloration from at art which we have all learned to love so well. least ten, and often twenty-five, specimens laid before him as they came struggling from the water. Under no other conditions can be procured an accurate transcript of the evanescent tints, which, in many fish, fade or Dec. 3.Charles Hallock, The Great Roseau alter in tone at the moment they are lifted Swamp; C. A. White, On the Rapid Disapfrom the water. The publication will be pearance of the Cast Antlers of the Cervida; issued on heavy plate paper in monthly parts Bacteria; C. D. Walcott, A Fossil Lingula preTheobald Smith, Peptonizing Ferments among (size of page 12 by 17 inches). Each num-serving the Cast of the Peduncle; Theodore ber will contain two portraits, colored as in Gill, The Phylogeny of the Cetacea. life, of fishes, printed on heavy cardboard (the portraits will average one foot in length), scientific classification and description, local names and habitat, when and where caught, method of capture, tackle and lures used, striking incidents of capture. The work will consist of at least forty parts, containing portraits of eighty or more fishes that take the hook and line in the fresh and salt waters of Biological Society, Washington. Anthropological Society, Washington. Dec. 6. A. B. Meyer, The Nephrite Question; D. G. Brinton, On the Chane-Abal (FourLanguage) Tribe and Dialect of Chiapas. Engineers' Club, Phila lelbhia. Nov 19.1 - W. H. Nauman, Calorimetric In ADAMS, H. B. The College of William and Mary: A KOSTLIVY, S. Ueber die Temperatur von Prag. Prag, E. Grégr. 32 Phe New Astronomy. Boston, Tick LANGLEY, S. P. nor. 260 p. 8°. 12°. MILLS, T. W. A Physiological Basis for an Improved vestigation of the Performance of a Compound U. S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY, Observations made during Engine, embodying Considerable Tabular Data ; FILL THIS OUT AND MAIL TO the Year 1883 at the. Washington, Government. 484 P. 4°. LPA THE ONLY GENUINE THE S ZUID GLUE ESTED TO OVER 1600 Used by thousands of first-class Manufacturers LBS. TO SQ and Mechanics on their best work. Its success ( INCH has brought a lot of imitators copying us in every way possible. Remember that THE ONLY GENUINE LePage's Liquid Glue is manufactured solely by the GLOUCESTER, MASS RUSSIA CEMENT CO., Sample by mail 20c. stamps. These glues are used in the Smithsonian Institute at Washington for all its work of mounting specimens-by the Government Arsenals and Department Buildings, by the Pullman Palace Car Co., Mason & Hamlin Organ and Piano Co., and by thousands of first-class manufacturers and mechanics throughout the world, for all kinds of fine work. Pronounced STRONGEST ADHESIVE KNOWN. Sold in tin cans for mechanics and amateurs, and in bottles for family use. The total quantity sold between Jan., 1880, and Jan., 1885, in all parts of the world amounted to over 32 MILLION BOTTLES. Be sure and get the genuine LePage's made only by RUSSIA CEMENT CO. The Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn., organized 1864, issues both Life Policies and Accident Policies. Only large accident company in America. Only $5 a year to professional and business men for each $1,000 insurance, with $5 weekly indemnity. Has paid policy-holders nearly $11,000,000. All policies non-forfeitable. All claims paid, without discount, and immediately on receipt of satisfactory proof. W. H. WALMSLEY & CO. SUCCESSORS TO R. & J. BECK, 1016 Chestnut Street, Phila. Microscopes and all Accessories and Apparatus. Photographic and Photo-Micrographic Apparatus and Outfits. Spectacles, Eye Glasses, Opera and Marine Glasses, etc. Illustrated Price List mailed free to any address. Mention SCIENCE in corresponding with us. AMERICAN CAPITAL. SEND FOR PAMPHLETS AND REFERENCES, 150 NASSAU STREET, N.Y. 19 Milk St., Boston. 33 King St., Manchester, England. 60 Princes Street, Edinburgh, Scotland. MARVELOUS MEMORY DISCOVERY. Wholly unlike artificial systems. Any book learned in one reading. Recommended by MARK TWAIN, RICHARD PROCTOR. the Scientist; Hon. W. W. ASTOR; JUDAH P. BENJAMIN; Dr. MINOR, &c. 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Address all correspondence to SCIENCE," 47 Lafayette Place, New York. IT STANDS AT THE HEAD. Orchestra, $1.50. Dress Circle, $1. Second Balcony, 50c. EVERY NIGHT at 8:15, production of an entirely new comedy, Railroad of Love,' by AUGUSTIN BROADWAY AND ELEVENTH STREET, DALY (from the German of Schoenthau and Kadelberg). MATINEES WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS. for estimates before placing their orders elsewhere. Any work entrusted to us will be carefully made under the super- BUNNELL'S vision of our geographical edit- OLD or, Dr. Franz Boas. N. D. C. HODGES, Publisher of Science, 47 Lafayette Place, New York. LONDON MUSEUM. ΕΙ DEN MUSEE. 23d St., between 5th and 6th Ave. and his HUNGARIAN ORCHESTRA. SCIENCE FRIDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1887. A MOST INTERESTING CELEBRATION took place in Philadelphia on Dec. 12. The occasion was the one-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, the pioneer of the movement for the instruction of the deaf in this country. A short biographical sketch of Gallaudet was read, and one of his poems was recited by four deaf girls in the sign-language. The address of the evening was delivered by Prof. A. Graham Bell of telephone fame, and well known for his researches into the heredity of deaf-mutism. Professor Bell gave an interesting history of the knowledge of deafmutism, pointing out how completely its nature was misunderstood until within very recent times. Not two centuries ago the legal status of a deaf-mute was like that of an idiot. The notion of his being capable of receiving education was ridiculed, and the only attempts to make them speak was by a church miracle. Three names in the eighteenth century stand out as the successful teachers of the deaf, Heimcke, De l'Epée, and Braidwood. Gallaudet became interested in the deaf-mute by meeting the young daughter of his neighbor at Hartford, Dr. Cogswell. He succeeded in teaching her a little; and when, later, it was found out how many more were similarly afflicted, a meeting was called at Dr. Cogswell's house, and it was decided to send young Gallaudet to England to learn the methods of teaching, and introduce them into America. He arrived in England, and found that Braidwood had bound all his teachers under a heavy fine not to reveal his methods to any one. It was a money-making institution, and after long delays he saw that it was hopeless to stay in England. He then fortunately met the Abbé De l'Epée, who welcomed him to France with open arms, taught him all he had to teach, and sent with him one of his most talented pupils, Laurence Clerc, to spread the great gift to America. On their arrival they founded the institution at Hartford, which soon gave rise to others all over the land. The perseverance and self-sacrifice of Gallaudet were the means of bringing a life worth living to thousands of the deaf of America. The address was interpreted into the sign-language as rapidly as it was spoken, and was greatly appreciated by the many deaf persons in the audience. The two sons of Gallaudet, both of whom are engaged in continuing the work of their father, one as the president of the deaf-mute college at Washington, the other as a pastor for the deaf, were present, and made remarks suitable to the occasion. THE DEATH HAS BEEN ANNOUNCED of Gustav Theodor Fechner, professor of experimental physics at the University of Leipzig. Fechner has been before the scientific world in many fields of activity, and for many years. He began his career as a physicist, and for many years devoted himself to experimental work, and edited a physical journal. But the chief work of his life was begun when nearly sixty years old. This was the work on psychophysics, a field hitherto touched upon in only the most meagre way, and owing its scientific recognition as well as its systematic development to him. He here announced the psychophysic law, stating the relation between the intensity of the stimulus and that of the resulting sensation, and verified it with a large number of ingenious and laborious experiments. Around this central conception of Fechner's has sprung up a large literature, in part criticising his fundamental points, in part developing and adding to his work and his methods. Whatever the final outcome of the move ment, it will always owe its vitality and its scientific development to Fechner. This interest was maintained by Fechner until his death. Two more books on psychophysics appeared from his pen, and a large number of articles, the last of which were written only a few years ago. Fechner's mind was characterized by two streams of interest; the one leading him to exact science, the other to a somewhat imaginative speculation. He was deeply impressed with the poetic, the mystic side of nature, and struggled to make the world seem rational without losing any thing of grandeur or mystery. These two streams of thought come nearest to meeting in the second part of his psychophysics, but it is greatly to his credit that he succeeded so well in keeping science and speculation apart. Only once did he seriously confound the two, and that was in the somewhat subordinate part he played in the fourth-dimension experiments' of Zöllner. Besides his scientific works and his speculative ones, he was the author of a book of poems and a book of riddles. He died at the advanced age of eighty-six. He had been troubled for many years by a double cataract, and was prevented from doing much work by this disease. THE WOMAN'S TEMPERANCE PUBLICATION ASSOCIATION of Chicago has just issued a little book by William T. Hornaday, entitled Free Rum on the Congo.' This book is an earnest appeal to Americans for the suppression of the liquor traffic in Africa, especially in the Kongo basin. As might be expected, the author ascribes the destructive influence of European civilization upon the natives of all countries almost solely to the influence of alcohol, and overlooks other important agents which nobody, however deep his sympathy with the unfortunate victims of European civilization may be, can remedy. The physical destruction of uncivilized races is brought about by diseases introduced by Europeans, among which alcoholism takes its place, although not by any means the most prominent one. But the mental deterioration of the natives is not less important. The cheap products of European manufacture, which are in every respect superior to those of native manufacture, make the native arts and industries decline rapidly, and vanish within a few years. As nothing new is given to the natives in place of their lost arts, their lost culture, they sink to a far lower stage than they occupied before the advent of the whites. It is at this moment that the missionary generally makes his appearance. It is only in rare instances that he succeeds in raising the natives to a higher standard. Generally the Christianity he introduces is nothing else than a new fetich instead of the old one. He is taught that agriculture is the only means of civilizing a nation, and applies this theory regardless of the character of his pupils and without effect. Thus the native falls into a state in which he requires European products, and has little to offer in exchange. He is not accustomed to work hard and steadily, and therefore the sole effect of his contact with the white man is the promotion of his laziness and of all his bad propensities. In these two facts lies the root of the destruction of uncivilized peoples. Alcoholism is only a small part of the evil influences threatening the natives, and the suppression of the liquor traffic will not go far to improve their condition. It is well known that the negroes throughout Africa, with the exception of a few tribes, were acquainted with alcoholic drinks before the advent of the whites. The Kaffres, the Balunda, the Waganda, brew beer and make palm-wine, which they drink in excessive quantities. But rum and gin are more dangerous, as they contain more alcohol; and a law prohibiting their importation would be a gain for the natives. But the Woman's Temperance Association, in endeavoring |