CROSBY'S VITALIZED PHOSPHITES Composed of the Nerve-giving Principles of the Ox Brain and the Embryo of the Wheat and Oat. Is a standard remedy with physicians who treat nervous or mental disorders. The formula is on every label. As it is identical in its composition with brain matter it is rapidly absorbed and relieves the depression from mental efforts, loss of memory, fatigue or mental irritability. Sleeplessness, irritation, nervous exhaustion, inability to work or study is but BRAIN HUNGER, in urgent cases BRAIN STARVATION. It aids in the bodily and wonderfully in the mental development of children. It is a vital phosphite, not a laboratory phosphate or soda water absurdity. 56 W. 25th St., N. Y. For sale by Druggists, or by Mail, $1. BOOK-NOTES. fact that Minister Washburne, while in Paris - D. Appleton & Co. announce a trans- during the siege, was in a position not only lation of the French work on animal mag- come in contact with the forces that were at to see all that was taking place, but also to netism by Binet and Féré. The authors are work behind the scenes, gives an unusual well known for their contributions to scientific value to his observations and to his comments psychology, and have much experience in the on passing events. They have also just hypnotic studies so successfully carried on in Paris. The work has received favorable rec-winism, by Prof. J. G. Schurman of Cornell ready a work on the ethical import of Darognition, and the translation will doubtless be the best English account of the recent phases of the studies in hypnotism. University. - D. Appleton & Co. published Oct. 8 The Elements of Political Economy, with Some DALY'S THEATRE, Broadway and 30th St Under the management of Mr. AUGUSTIN Orchestra, $1.50. Dress Circle, $1. Second Balcony, 50c. EVERY EVENING at 8:15. MATINEES begin at 2. EVERY NIGHT at 8:15, production of an entirely new comedy,Railroad of Love,' by AUGUSTIN DALY (from the German of Schoenthau and Kadel MATINEES WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS. ASINO. -Students of Wordsworth will heartily welcome the announcement that Prof. A. J. Applications to Questions of the Day,' by Prof. George of Boston University is just complet-J. Laurence Laughlin of Harvard; ‘Clavering the notes to an edition of the Prelude house, by Mowbray Morris, a new volume in the English Worthies Series; 'Our Hered-berg). which will be issued next month by D. C. ity from God,' a series of lectures on evoluHeath & Co. tion, by E. P. Powell; Henry George vs. Henry George,' an examination into the CAS theories of Henry George, with an attempt to prove from Mr. George's own writings how completely he answers himself, by R. C. Rutherford; a new volume in the International Education Series on elementary psychology and education, by Joseph Baldwin; and a new and cheaper edition of Mühlbach's Henry VIII. and his Court.' -Mistakes in Teaching,' by James L. Hughes of Toronto, Canada, is just issued by E. L. Kellogg & Co. of New York. Some eighty-two cardinal faults are pointed out and corrected. - A new series of tracts from the noted educational men of the day is in preparation, called the Teachers Manual Series.' Each will contain from thirty-two to sixty-four pages in large type, in good paper, for fifteen cents each. A Boston man has calculated, that, of a 250,000 edition of one of the popular magazines, the weight would be 94 tons; that piled over each other they would form a mountain nearly 2,000 feet higher than Mount Washington; that placed end to end they would stretch 39 miles; that the sheets before folding would cover 300 acres ; and that the leaves placed end to end would extend across the continent; which calls forth from another source this bitter paragraph. It has been estimated, that, if all the bores who get up statistics in regard to magazines were placed endways, their coffins would reach from New York to California. If the total number of lies which we are inclined to think they tell were set in solid brevier type in one column, it would be ninety-nine miles and eight furlongs long. If the brains required to produce this nonsense were put in one small wooden head, they would rattle around at the rate of eighty-six beats to the minute. Evenings at 8. Broadway and 39th St. Matinee Saturday at 2. 57TH TO 63D PERFORMANCE. UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS OF THE CASINO'S MOST BEAUTIFUL COMIC OPERA REPRESENTATION, THE MARQUIS. RECEIVED WITH ROARS OF LAUGHTER. certs. Next Sunday evening inauguration of the popular con- ACADEMY OF MUSIC. Last 3 weeks. A DARK SECRET. Reserved Seats, 50c., 75c., and $1. Lee & Shepard have in preparation a Mr. A. .......Sole Manager. Begins at 8:30. Saturday matinee at 2. THE MARTYR. "THE MARTYR" has settled down for another success. Herald. Kindergarten, will go down the ages as one Pigott, Chas. Dodsworth. New York. BUNNELL'S MUSEUM. 728-32 Broadway. Admission, 25c. Children, 10C. Continuous Entertainment. Noon till 11 P. M EDEN MUSEE. 23d St., between 5th and 6th Ave. The Office, published from 37 College LONDON Place, New York, will hereafter contain a Volapük department, conducted by Charles E. Sprague, giving the news of the move- Charles Scribner's Sons published Oct. ment, paragraphs of interest in Volapük and 8 an interesting and important work in 'Rec-in English, extracts from foreign periodicals, ollections of a Minister to France, 1869-77,' by the Hon. E. B. Washburne. The period covered in these volumes is one of the most exciting in modern French history; and the reading exercises, correspondence, names of Open from 11 to 11. Sunday, 1 to 11. CHAMBER OF HORRORS, ETC. These glues are used in the Smithsonian Institute at Washington for all its work of mounting specimens-by the Government Arsenals and Department Buildings, by the Pullman Palace Car Co., Mason & Hamlin Organ and Piano Co., and by thousands of first-class manufacturers and mechan ies throughout the world, for all kinds of fine work. Pronounced STRONGEST ADHESIVE KNOWN. Sold in tin cans for mechanics and amateurs, and in bottles for family use. The total quantity sold between Jan., 1880, and Jan., 1885, in all parts of the world amounted to over 32 MILLION BOTTLES. Be sure and get the genuine LePage's made only by RUSSIA CEMENT CO. The Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn., organized 1864, issues both Life Policies and Accident Policies. Only large accident company in America. Only $5 a year to professional and business men for each $1,000 insurance, with $5 weekly indemnity. Has paid policy-holders nearly $11,000,000. All policies non-forfeitable. All claims paid, without discount, and immediately on receipt of satisfactory proof. ISILKS AND James McCreery & Co. offer during November, as specialties, a choice line of Black Faille Francaise, Black Peau de Soie, in Plain, Barree, and other Weaves, Colored Faille Francaise, in Day and Evening Shades, at $1.25 and $1.50, and several hundred pieces of Rich Velvet and Plush Novelties, at 90 cents, $1.00, $1.50, $2.00, $2.50, and $3.00, about one third their actual value. BROADWAY AND ELEVENTH STREET, Writing Machine IT STANDS AT THE HEAD. The No. 2 CALIGRAPH is the only doublecase Writing Machine that produces each letter by a single finger stroke, and thus fully economizes time and labor. 15,000 CALIGRAPHS are in daily use, and are becoming immensely popular for their Durability, Speed and Manifolding ability. We publish 400 letters from prominent men and firms which are convincing. For specimens, etc., address INVESTMENT CO. The American Type Writing Machine Co. MORTGAGES. $15,000,000 INVESTED Without loss. SEND FOR PAMPHLETS AND REFERENCES, 180 NASSAU STREET, N.Y. 19 Milk St.. Boston. 33 King St., Manchester, England. 60 Princes Street, Edinburgh, Scotland. W.H. WALMSLEY & CO. SUCCESSORS TO R. & J. BECK, 1016 Chestnut Street, Phila. Microscopes and all Accessories and Apparatus. Photographic and Photo-Micrographic Apparatus and Outfits. Spectacles, Eye Glasses, Opera and Marine Glasses, etc. "How to Strengthen the Memory." Illustrated Price List Rev. E. L. Kelly, of Paterson, N. J., writing of Dr. Holbrook's book, How to Strengthen the Memory,; or, Natural and Scientific Methods of Never Forgetting," says; "I have read this treatise, this gem, and find a míne of wealth hidden in its pages. By it I was enabled last evening to learn the poem Stabat Mater.' in Latin. It took a little time, but the results were marvelous." Catalogue and prospectus free. Mailed to any address on receipt of $1, by M. L. HOLBROOK CO., 13 Laight St., New York. mailed free to any add ress. Mention SCIENCE in corresponding with us. MARVELOUS MEMORY DISCOVERY. Wholly unlike artificial systems. Any book learned in one reading. Recommended by MARK TWAIN, RICHARD PROCTOR, the Scientist; Hon. W. W. ASTOR; JUDAH P. BENJAMIN; Dr. MINOR, &c. Class of 100 Columbia Law students; two classes of 200 each at Yale; 400 at University of Penn., Phila., 400 at Wellesley College; 350 Oberlin College, and three large classes at Chautauqua University, &c. Prospectus POST FREE from, PROF. LOISETTE, 237 Fifth Ave., New York, Mann's Reference Indexes. References to and transcripts or translations of the literature of ANY SUBJECT furnished by B: PICKMAN MANN, WASHINGTON, D. C. Correspondence fee, 50 cents. free. Explanatory circulars JOHN F. STRATTON, JOHN CARLE SONS The Science Company, Publishers, 47 Lafayette. Place, New York. London agent: G. E. Stechert, 26 King William St., Strand. The December Century. ach We count The Century among the best current influences that find their way to American homes. It has fairly won its great circulation. Christian Union, N. Y F you are not already one of the two millions of people who, it is estimated, read each issue of THE CENTURY, it will pay you to see a copy of this December number. Its striking features include “The Inauguration of Lincoln," described by his private secretaries, Nicolay and Hay; "Prison Life of the Russian Revolutionists," fully explaining the wrongs which have called forth among the youth of Russia their hatred of the government; "The Sea of Galilee," of special interest to the students of the International Sunday-school Lessons, beautifully illustrated; first chapters of Frank R. Stockton's new three-part story, "The Dusantes"; "The Tonic Sol-Fa System," etc., St. Nicholas * for Girls and Boys. Edited by Mary Mapes Dodge. OW comes the season when we must consider what magazines we are to take next year. The older people decide this question: they may be interested in the histories and novels in the grown-up magazines, but do they think enough of the young folks in the house? What are the children from five to fifteen years of age reading? Consider the tremendous moral and educational influence exerted by such a periodical as ST. NICHOLAS, in which the leading writers and artists of the world meet the children once a month. The Graphic recently said: The family without it is only half- It interests, amuses, and at the same time keeps the thoughts of its readers in the best channels. The Hartford Courant says: "How efficient a thing in our civilization such a magazine would be if it came to the majority of the children in this country!" and at $3.00 a year, 25 cents a number, St. Nicholas costs less than a cent a day. See Christmas number. The Century Co., 33 E. 17th St., N. Y. MACMILLAN & CO.'S NEW EDUCATIONAL WORKS. MACMILLAN'S ELEMENTARY CLASSICS. NEW VOLUMES. CAESAR'S HELVETIAN WAR. Adapted for the use of Beginners. A PRACTICAL ARABIC GRAMMAR. Part I. Compiled by A. M.A. 8vo. $5. SOLUTIONS AND HINTS FOR THE SOLUTION OF SOME CAMBRIDGE BIBLE FOR SCHOOLS. NEW VOLUME. THE SECOND BOOK OF KINGS. By Rev. Professor Lumby. 16mo. 90 cents. PLATO. THE APOLOGY. With Introduction and Notes by St. George VIRGIL. AENEID IX. Edited with Introduction and Notes by A. E. VIRGIL. BUCOLICS. Edited with Introduction and Notes by C. S. PITT PRESS SERIES. NEW VOLUME. PLUTARCH'S LIFE OF NIKIAS. With Introduction, Notes, and Lexicon. By the Rev. Hubert A. Holden, M.A., LL.D. 16m0. $1.25. MACMILLAN & CO., 112 Fourth Avenue, New York. JAMES MCCREERY & CO. MAP-MAKING. offer during December 1,000 pieces of fine BLACK SILKS, of the newest and most approved makes, at a very marked reduction in price. These goods are guaran teed to be of the same standard excellence as their regular stock. All publishers or others de- SCIENCE. AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY JOURNAL. THE Baltimore, President; SIMON NEWCOMB, of Washington, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. D. C. GILMAN, of Vice-President; GARDINER G. HUBBARD, of Washington; ALEX. GRAHAM BELL, of Washington; O. C. MARSH. of New Haven; J. W. POWELL, of Washington; W. P. TROWBRIDGE. of New York; S. H. Scudder, of Cam Any bridge. work entrusted to us will be DRESS PATTERNS. carefully made under the super SCIENCE appears every Friday. Volumes begin in and January. Communications will be welcomed from any quarter. Rejected manuscripts will be returned to the authors only when amount of Address all correspondence to vision of our geographical edit- postage accompanies the manuscript. Publisher of Science, Also offer twenty-five hundred Dress Patterns, suitable for Holiday Gifts, at $2.50, $3.00, $3.75, $5.00, and $7.50 each; every pattern contains a full dress length of strictly all-wool material, and are positively the best value we have ever offered. A separate counter has been assigned for the above, where may also be found rare bargains in odd lengths and remnants of plain and fancy Dress Goods, marked A TEMPORARY BINDER much below cost. The advantage of an for Science is now ready, and will be mailed early selection is apparent. postpaid on receipt of price. 47 Lafayette Place, New York. SCIENCE FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1887. A VERY SIGNIFICANT DISCUSSION on the subject of manual training took place at the late annual meeting of the school superintendents of New York State, held at Rochester. A year or two ago such a discussion would not have been possible. In the first place, the superintendents themselves would not have been able to discuss the subject intelligently at that time, nor would it have been regarded as at all a pressing matter. The events of the last twelve months have, however, conspired to bring about the result which made possible the discussion to which we refer. The continued agitation of the subject by those best qualified to discuss it, the increase of the intelligent literature on manual training, and the magnificent display of the results of this training which was made at the meeting of the National Educational Association at Chicago last July, have all had their effect. They have brought light to many minds where darkness was before, and produced a conviction even among the most determined scoffers at the movement. The discussion at Rochester was introduced by Superintendent Cole of Albany, in which city a very gratifying progress has been made toward the introduction of manual training, and whose school board has a most intelligent idea of the whole subject. The superintendents of Newburg, Dunkirk, Ogdensburg, Binghamton, Owego, and Elmira seem to have been to a greater or less extent in favor of manual training. The event of the discussion, however, must have been the remarks of State Superintendent Draper, for it was reserved for him to advocate manual training in the public schools, not because it is disciplinary, but because of its eventual utility. The attitude of the State superintendent only shows to what remarkable extremes the complete misunderstanding of this subject may be carried. We have frequently heard manual training opposed because of its utility, and because it was claimed that it has no disciplinary value; but Mr. Draper is the first person who has discussed the subject in public who has sufficiently misunderstood the whole subject to advocate it on that ground. He is reported as saying that he had no sympathy with the argument advanced, that industrial training should be carried on for its intellectual force. He claimed that the present school system of the State contained all the intellectual force that was needed. We fancy that the mere statement of these two propositions is sufficient comment upon them. It is hardly necessary to undertake to controvert them seriously. It would be interesting to know, however, whether Mr. Draper proposes to carry his theory into practice, and to eliminate from the school course all subjects which have a disciplinary value, and to replace them with those which have a practical utility. If so, the coming generation in New York may not know how to read, write, cipher, draw, and parse, but it certainly will be able to manage a steam-engine, lay transatlantic cables, and drive horse-cars. THE DANGER TO COMMERCE from derelict vessels on the high seas cannot be too often pointed out, as it is not generally realized how long they are liable to keep afloat and pursue their aimless course, -a constant menace to navigation, and the cause, no doubt, of the loss of many a fine vessel by collision. This is well illustrated by the following instances, taken from the records of the Hydrographic Office, and it should be remembered that no such record can be complete. Long intervals often elapse without any report being made, and the track during this time, assumed as a straight line on the chart, must generally fall short of the actual distance travelled. The ship 'Ada Iredale' (voyage from Androssan, Scotland, to San Francisco) was burned in the South Pacific through the spontaneous combustion of the coal with which she was laden. She was abandoned Oct. 15, 1876, latitude 13° 30 south, longitude 107° 45' west, about 1,900 miles east from the Marquesas Islands. The crew of twenty-three men reached the Marquesas group in twenty-five days, with the loss of one man and one of their three boats. The still burning wreck of the vessel drifted slowly to the westward in the south equatorial current, to Tahiti, Society Islands, 2,423 miles distant, and was towed into port by the French cruiser 'Seignelay,' June 9, 1877. She continued to burn till May, 1878, when she was repaired, and as a handsome iron bark, named Annie Johnston,' has done good service in the trade with China. The drift was 2,423 miles, and the time nearly eight months. The ship Oriflamme' was abandoned, on fire, in June, 1881, latitude 18° 12' south, longitute 92° 42' west. On Oct. 24 the steamship 'Iron Gate' (voyage from Adelaide, Australia, to Portland, Ore.) passed in latitude 13° 27′ south, longitude 125° 19' west, an iron ship, apparently burned, with no masts standing, and sent a lifeboat alongside, but could see no signs of life. On Feb. 12, 1882, the hull of an iron ship laden with coal and iron drifted ashore on the island of Raroia, one of the Paumotu or Low Archipelago (latitude 15° 55' south, longitude 142° 12' west). She was visited by some natives, who brought away a small bell upon which was engraved "Oriflamme,' 1865." She was completely burned out, and in a short time sank in deep water. The drift was 2,840 miles, and the time about eight months. The abandoned schooner Twenty-one Friends' was first reported March 24, 1885, about 160 miles off the capes of Chesapeake Bay, latitude 36° 45′ north, longitude 72° 40' west. The Gulf Stream carried her in a direction about east-north-east, to latitude 51° 30' north, longitude 27° 40' west (2,130 miles in four months and a half). Thence she drifted in an easterly and south-easterly direction towards the northern coast of Spain, and was last reported Dec. 4 of the same year in latitude 45° north, longitude 8° west (about 130 miles north-north-east from Cape Finisterre). She was reported, in all, twenty-two times, which in itself shows how especially dangerous such a derelict is on the North Atlantic. The drift was 3.525 miles, and the time eight months and ten days. A CONSPIRACY OF SILENCE. THERE is an interesting discussion going on in England at present between Professor Huxley, Professor Bonney, and the Duke of Argyll. The question at issue is whether the influence of a great name has become so great in science as to interfere with free discussion in questions of a purely scientific nature. It seems that some seven or eight years ago Mr. Murray offered an explanation of the origin and structure of coral reefs which controverted some of the opinions expressed by Darwin. It is maintained by one side that this theory of Murray's has not been given free publication and discussion, and that, while it is intrinsically more probable than the older theory of Darwin, it is still held in obscurity by a conspiracy of silence on the part of the leading men of Great Britain. To make clear the present state of the controversy, we publish below the articles published in Nature by Professor Bonney and the Duke of Argyll. [COMMUNICATION FROM PROFESSOR Bonney.] THE Duke of Argyll is eminent as a statesman, and has won distinction as a man of science. The mental qualities, however, which lead to success in these capacities are widely different; nay, in the opinion of some, are almost oppugnant. To the man of |