The Early Iron Industry of Furness and District: An Historical and Descriptive Account from Earliest Times to the End of the 18th Century, with an Account of Furness Ironmasters in Scotland, 1726-1800H. Kitchin, 1908 - 464 pages |
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The Early Iron Industry of Furness and Districts: An Historical and ... Alfred Fell Limited preview - 2013 |
The Early Iron Industry of Furness and Districts: An Historical and ... Alfred Fell Limited preview - 2013 |
Common terms and phrases
Abbey Abbot and Convent acres Adgarley aforesaid Backbarrow Company Barrow bellows bloomery bloomery forge bloomsmithies Bonaw carried Cartmel charcoal Coals Company's Conishead Coniston customary district Duchy Duddon Duke early eighteenth century erected Expenses furnace Furness Fells Goatfield granted Graythwaite Greenodd Hawkshead hearth heirs Highlands hundred Invergarry iron-making ironmasters ironworks Isaac Wilkinson James John Sawrey Kendal King Knott Lancaster land late lease Leighton letter liberty Lindal Loch Lord lordshipps Low Furness Lowwood Machell Manor Michael Knott mineral mines Muchland Myles Newland Company Nibthwaite Orgrave paid partners Pennington Penny Bridge pig iron pits Plumpton possession Postlethwaite pounds quantity rent Richard Ford Sandys says Scotland seyd shillings ship Sir Thomas Lowther smelting smithies Smythyes stone tenants term thereof Thomas Rawlinson timber trees tons trade tyme Ulverston underwood vessels Whitriggs William Penny William Rawlinson wood Wood-Owners workmen writes
Popular passages
Page 13 - Thou shalt also consider in thine heart, that, as a man chasteneth his son, so the Lord thy God chasteneth thee. Therefore thou shalt keep the commandments of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, and to fear him. For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills...
Page 100 - Roman soldiery flung their gnarled 15 arms over a thick carpet of the most delicious green sward ; in some places they were intermingled with beeches, hollies, and copsewood of various descriptions, so closely as totally to intercept the level beams of the sinking sun ; in others they receded from each other, forming those long sweeping 20 vistas, in the intricacy of which the eye delights to lose itself, while imagination considers them as the paths to yet wilder scenes of sylvan solitude.
Page 2 - ... the smith also sitting by the anvil, and considering the iron work, the vapour of the fire wasteth his flesh, and he fighteth with the heat of the furnace: the noise of the hammer and the anvil is ever in his ears, and his eyes look still upon the pattern of the thing that he maketh; he setteth his mind to finish his work, and watcheth to polish it perfectly...
Page 2 - For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.
Page 287 - For beer then was to the middle and lower classes, not only all that beer now is, but all that wine, tea, and ardent spirits now are. It was only at great houses, or on great occasions, that foreign drink was placed on the board. The ladies of the house, whose business it had commonly been to cook the repast, retired as soon as the dishes had been devoured , and left the gentlemen to their ale and tobacco.
Page 124 - Shepherd's call, the flocks surrounded the holly-bush, and received the croppings at his hand, which they greedily nibbled up, bleating for more. The Abbots of Furness enfranchised these pastoral vassals, and permitted them to enclose quillets to their houses, for which they paid encroachment rent.
Page 364 - THOUGH I have not the honour of being known to your lordship, I presume to take a privilege which men of retirement are apt to think themselves in possession of, as being the only method they have of making their way to persons of your lordship's high station without struggling through multitudes for access. I may possibly fail in my respect to your lordship, even...
Page 160 - the method adopted by the Romans of producing the blast necessary to smelt the metal was made apparent. Two tunnels had been formed in the side of a hill ; they were wide at one extremity, but tapered off to a narrow bore at the other, where they met in a point. The mouths of the channels opened towards the west, from which quarter a prevalent wind blows in this valley, and sometimes with great violence. The blast received by them would, when the wind was high, be poured with considerable force...
Page 335 - Scotland take so many steps on the path that leads from anarchy to civilisation. In the beginning of the eighteenth century the Highlands were almost wholly inaccessible to the traveller. They were for the most part traversed only by rude horse-tracks, without any attempt to diminish the natural difficulties of the country. They were inhabited by a population speaking a language different from that of England, scarcely ever intermarrying with Lowlanders, living habitually with arms in their hands...
Page 199 - Sinder is by our Founders at Furnaces wrought again, and found to contain much Yron and easier of Fusion than any Yron stone or Mine of Yron whatsoever of which slag and Sinders, there is in many Countryes Millions of Tuns and Oaks growing upon them, very old and rotten. The next invention was to set up the Bloomeries that went by water, for the ease of the men treading the bellows, which being bigger, and the waterwheel causing a greater blast, did not onely make a greater quantity of iron, but...