most advantageous-while the salubrity and Leggee, Earl of Dartmouth, from whom the beauty of its location, -olim sylvestribus horrida dumis the variety of the surrounding scenery render it one of the most agreeable residences for the young in New England. As its establishment and its object were entirely novel, it attracted much of the attention of the community, and received many donations from philanthrophic individuals both in this country and in England, the most liberal of whom was the Right Hon. William embryo institution derived its name. Instruction was given for many years in the buildings which were erected by the first president and his students. In 1786, nearly twenty years after the incorporation of the college, Dartmouth Hall was erected, a large and convenient edifice in which, besides rooms for students, are a beautiful chapel, the Libraries, Lecture rooms, &c. In 1829--30 by the liberality of its friends, two new buildings were erected solely for the use of the studentsthe whole presenting a pleasing and elegant appearance. Am. Mag. well as with his pencil. The Gipsey Boy-The Young Recruit-Meg Merrilies-Game at Putand various other paintings, are all instances of his skill in adapting living life to the purposes of art. One of Bird's latest productions, The Surrender of Calais, he presented to the princess Charlotte of Wales, who had lately appointed him her painter. USEFUL ARTS. TANNING. fellow workmen for the neatness and beauty of his embellishments. When Bird's indentures expired, advantageous offers were made to induce him to continue, but he refused them all. Upon Bird's removal to Bristol, he commenced a drawing school. During the intervals of instruction, he sketched, designed, and painted, with all his early ardor. He by and by thought so well of his works that he was induced to show some of them to his friends, among others, to Mr. Murphy, an artist of taste and feeling, who liked them so much that he advised them to be exhibited. To this Bird was averse for some time, but he at last consented to send two to the Bath exhibition. It was necessary that a price should be named; the painter wrote down ten guineas each; his friend, with a better sense of their merit, wrote down and skins of various animals, particularly those TANNING is a mechanical art, by which the hides thirty; and they found ready purchasers. His of neat cattle, are converted into sole leather, sketch book, says Mr. Murphy, was filled with upper leather, harness, &c., by being cleansed of subjects fit to expand into paintings, and contain- the hair and flesh, and saturated with the tannin ed scenes of all kinds, serious and comic. They contained in the bark of the oak, hemlock, and were marked by an original spirit, and showed a some other kinds of forest trees. It is a simple natural skill in grouping. The interior of a volunteer's cottage was the subject of one of his process to make leather of hides and bark, but works; and clowns dancing in an alehouse an operations to make the most and the best leather probably one of the most critical of manufacturing other. Bird's first successful work was called that can be made from a given quantity of hides. Good News. This was followed by the Choristers rehearsing, and the Will;-they received equal mode of tanning hides. It consists in a process A patent has been granted for an improved praise, and found purchasers of high distinction. of forcing the tanning matter into the skins by His late Majesty bought the first; another was means of hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure, by purchased by the late Marquis of Hastings. The which means the operation of tanning is effected royal academy soon afterward enrolled Bird in a much shorter space of time than by the oramong their number. His next work, says his dinary mode: it also renders the leather equally biographer, was his most poetical, and decidedly tough and firmer than when performed by the his best one. This is a representation of the field of Chevy Chase on the day after the battle. It is painted in the mournful spirit with which the glorious old battle concludes, and cannot well be looked on without tears. Lady Percy is, with perfect propriety, made a visiter of the fatal field; she appears in deep agony beside the body of her lord. This exquisite piece, which should have been purchased by some wealthy Douglas or Percy was bought for three hundred guineas by the duke of Sutherland; and the late Sir Walter Scott acquired the original sketch. On his return to Bristol, after paying a visit to his native place, he recommenced his studies. He produced, in rapid succession, Good News; The Blacksmith's Shop; The Country Auction;-the coloring of the whole is mellow and harmonious. could," says one of his admirers, "extract delight and joy out of anything; I mean personally, as common process. The skins or hides are first cleansed and prepared in the usual manner, and then introduced are both air and water-tight. When the tanning into vessels containing the tanning matter, which process is conducted upon a large scale, pits, lined with lead, or vessels of cast-iron, or of wood, bound firmly together with iron and lined with lead, are employed. These vessels are generally about five feet long, four feet broad and six feet deep, and made sufficiently strong to sustain a considerable internal pressure. Projecting pegs are set round the vessel, about four inches in length, for the purpose of attaching eyebolts, which are slipped on to the pegs, and passed through holes in the edge or flange of the lid, and He lid fast. The vessel has a stop-cock leading to a the nuts are then screwed up, which makes the waste-pipe, and near it is placed a wooden post, with a hook at top, for a ring in the back of the lid, to hang upon when open. A long pipe or The story of Ruth is one of those beautiful narratives, which, column is attached to the vessel by a coupling while it portrays the ennobling features of the human character, screw-box, and having a stop-cock; at the top of artlessly reveals the simplicity of the oriental people, and es-this pipe is placed a tub or other receptacle, conpecially the Hebrews, in early times. This story pictures to taining the fluid which produces the hydrostatic us the beautiful graces of resignation under heavy afflictions, and the strength of pure affection when cemented by religion and pressure. reciprocal feeling, together with the salutary social influence which integrity and virtue always exercise. The part of the narrative chosen by the artist for his picture is that where Orpah, in tears, leaves her mother-in-law, Naomi, but Ruth, throwing her arms around her neck exclaims, "Intreat me not er thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people; and thy God my God." These two attributes form the peculiar beauty of the narratives and poems of the Sacred Record. to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whith Let it now be supposed that the vessel is filled with the tanning matter, that the hides are im mersed in it, and that the lid is placed on and made fast, so as to render the vessel water-tight: the stop-cock of the column is then opened, and the liquor from the reservoir above allowed to flow down and press upon that contained in the The tanning process is to be carried on in this way, the skin being removed from the pit daily, and after draining replaced in the pit again as before. As the same quantity of bark will be required as heretofore, it is obvious that the liquor must be stronger, but this is only requisite in the latter stages of the process. Another ingenious experimentalist has proposed to employ the pressure of the atmosphere as a substitute for that of the tan-liquor, and the latter process appears to offer advantages on the score of speed. CLOTH MAKING WITHOUT SPINNING OR AMONG the many extraordinary and truly wonderful inventions of the present times is a machine for the making of broad or narrow woollen cloths without spinning or weaving; and from our acquaintance with the staple manufacture of this district, after an inspection of patterns of the cloth, we should say there is every probability of this fabric superseding the usual mode of making cloth by spinning and weaving. The machines are patented in this and every other manufacturing nation. The inventor is an American, and appears to have a certain prospect of realizing an ample fortune by the sale of his patent-right. We understand patterns of this cloth, as well as a drawing of the machinery, have been shown to many of our principal merchants and manufacturers, none of whom have expressed a doubt but that the machinery appears capable of making low cloths which require a good substance. Should it succeed to any thing near the expectation of the patentees, its abridgement of labor, as well manual as by machinery, will be very great. We find that means are already taken to introduce this machine among our continental rivals: a company of eleven gentlemen in London have deposited five thousand pounds with the patentees, who have ordered a machine for them; when finished they are to try it for one month, and if at the end of that time they think it will succeed, they are to pay twenty thousand pounds for the patent-right in the kingdom of Belgium, and it will of course be worked there. We are therefore bound, in duty to our country and her manufacturing interests, to adopt such facilities as will prevent us from falling into a position below our rivals in other countries. We are informed that the machinery for the production of this patent woollen felted cloth will be tried here in a week or two, under the superintendence of the inventor, by a cloth merchant who has an exclusive license, but is about to associate with him For 'tis her lover, now no more; Her light for eyes like his to shine. 'Tis done!—that mournful, final right, Too sacred for the glare of day! Beneath the curtain folds of night, Earth! earth has closed o'er SCHILLER'S clay! And hark! the heavens in thunder groan; They weep in torrents o'er his bed; Their searching, fiery bolts are thrown, As if to find and wake the dead. ITALIAN MENDICANT. READER, don't be nervous on beholding the subject that occupies a place in our Portrait Gallery in this number. We confess he is not quite as beautiful as Narcissus nor as graceful as Apollo, but, as the old saw is true, that "it takes all kinds of people to make up a world," we claim for our mendicant quite as conspicuous a station as many others who form the component parts of society. Those queer jades, dames Nature and Fortune, have apparently made him a butt in one of their sportive freaks, and then left him so for the children of men to laugh at and pity alternately. Yet he is not so much the subject and the whose of pity as one might imagine, for, like an actor in a play house, he is one thing upon the stage another in the green-room. That apparent effort of the eyes to embrace each other upon bridge of the nose-that distortion of mouth, with hunger sitting in one corner and grief in the other-those dishevelled locks among beauties no vulgar comb dare intrude-and that hunched back rising like "Ossa on Olympus," are all the work of art-nature had nothing to do with them. Our engraving represents him in character-he is playing the part of the Prince of beggars in that serio-comico drama entitled Human Nature, or the World as we find it. But to be serious. Probably no country in the | realized, yet they will find a great advantage in world can present such a perfect system of men- attending to root culture and be led to inquire dicity, matured in all its parts, as Italy, especially into the most frugal method of pursuing it. Farthe southern portion in the vicinity of Naples. do not weed it till there are five hundred mers who dig up a small patch and sow it in beet, and There the traveller is beset by beggars upon the highroad, in the public streets, and almost within his hotel; and if he drives them off without remunerating them for the trouble of calling upon him, he is like the fox in the fable, a larger swarm returns to harass him. But the fact of beggary would not render the fraternity so odious, did their condition and pursuit arise from the necessities of want. This is not the case in the majority of instances, for the character is as sumed as an excuse for idleness. raising a bushel of beets is one dollar, when with weeds to one plant, may find that the cost of prudential management in raising on a large scale, ten to twelve bushels may be raised with this expense. In raising beets and some other crops in a garden we have managed to do the weeding before sowing, and find that it is a great saving of labor —that is, pursue that manner of culture that will the same plan may be pursued in field culture, destroy the weeds before the seed is sown; and and even to greater advantage, as most of the labor can be done by animal labor, which is much cheaper than manual labor in this country, and this as has been observed in the article lately published on the subject will enable us to raise beets as cheap as they are raised in France. Travellers state that they have been attacked by one from a crowd of these mendicants, who would be afflicted with the want of an eye, a leg, and often the senses of hearing and speech, until he received his fee, and then before the bene volent donor was fairly out of sight, the afflicted beneficiary would stand among his companions with as perfect legs, eyes, &c, as the best specimen of humanity. This species of false pretence is said to be very common among the Italian beggars, and their assumed distortions of countenance and multifarious "ills which flesh is heir to" are, nine times out of ten base forgeries; considered by them, however, as fair business transactions. Happily in our own country, such a class of mendicants does not exist, and in most cases here, when we are petitioned for alms, the petitioner is really an object of sympathy, unless we can trace in his features the lineaments of intem-ly destroyed before sowing. If this plan should perance. FARMERS' DEPARTMENT. COST OF RAISING SUGAR BEETS AND OTHER ROOTS. About Our method has been to put on the manure spring, the former is preferable, as a frost will and stir up the ground in the fall or early in the loosen the soil and make it mellow, and the weeds will start in the spring before the the soil is dry enough to work. When the weeds were well started, we worked the ground over again. the twentieth of May, the ground was well worked over, and the seed sown, after being soaked, so that it would come up in a short time; the plants were up and large enough to hoe when scarcely any weeds appeared, the hoeing was done in a short time, the soil being very light and mellow, and there was little trouble on account of weeds through the season, they having been most be pursued in field culture it would save nearly one half of the expense. One hour's work with a horse and cultivator in stirring the earth and destroying weeds before sowing, would save several days in hoeing. The following method of culture for a field crop would be very economical as to weeding, which seems to be the most expensive part of the cultivation. A piece of land, a deep mellow soil which has been well manured and planted one dition for a beet crop. If it has been ploughed more than one year there would be danger from the grub worm, which, we believe, is the principal injury from insects to which the sugar beet is liable. IN examining an estimate of the expenses of making the beet sugar in this country, many far-year in corn or potatoes, would be in good conmers will consider that the expense of raising the roots is reckoned too low; this is owing to the little attention that has been paid to the root crops, and to farmers in general not being acquainted with the best and most economical method of culture, and not having machines and implements to enable them to manage the growing of root crops to advantage. These unfavorable opinions will in a measure continue, till root culture is more in practice, for though cases are stated of crops raised at a small expense, they will be regarded as extraordinary cases, and estimates made on paper, in which no error can be pointed out, will be looked upon as something uncertain; yet these favorable accounts will lead the enterprising and intelligent to try and see whether these things are so, and although their expectations may not always be VOL. VII.-50 A piece should be selected that can be ploughed deep, and the stones, if any, removed. If there has not been sufficient manure applied to the previous crop, apply the manure and plough the ground deep in the fall; if it cannot be done at this season, then, as early as possible in the spring. When the weeds have started, go over with the cultivator, and in a few weeks go over it again in the same way-this will loosen and pulverize the soil and destroy the weeds. From the twentieth of May to the first of June, let the earth be thoroughly stirred with a cultivator, or if the soil be very loose it may be well to plough |