forty-five degrees, placing the bud so as to face, mould, in the proportion of fifty bushels of the the south; as you place the cutting in the earth, press the soil around it firmly with the fingers and thumb, and draw a sufficiency of earth over it to cover it from one to one and a half inch deep. Another method is to drop them in the furrows as you would corn, and cover with the hoe, pressing down the earth with the flat part of that instrument as you do so. This is the most expeditious plan, and if care was taken to place the bud or eye uppermost, would answer well, and particularly where large transplantations are being made, as it would save much labor and time. By Double-eyed Cuttings.-Cuttings with two eyes should be dropped in the furrows at the required distance, the eyes or buds uppermost, then covered from one and a half to two inches deep with finely pulverized earth or mould, which should be pressed down with the flat part of the hoe. first and ten cartloads of each of the latter, and suffered to remain in a heap for a day or two before being used, in order that the heat may be induced to pass off by fermentation. When thus prepared, the safest way to use them is to strew a small quantity along the furrows with the hand, and in covering the cuttings, layers, or roots, it will be well to avoid letting either come immediately in contact with the mixture. Street dirt, the scrapings of roads, or indeed any fat earth, will be found eminently useful, as the morus multicaulis, like the hog, is not particular as to its diet so you give it enough. Lime. No matter what kind of manure may be applied, a few bushels of this mineral will be found a valuable auxiliary. Quantities of Manure-Stable, barnyard manure, and compost of mould from the woodstwenty double horse-cart loads per acre. Ashes. One hundred and fifty bushels per acre. Bone Dust and Ashes. Two hundred and fifty bushels of the mixture to the acre. By Layers. By layers is meant, either whole or part of either the main stalk or its lateral branches. I think myself that no layer should be longer than eighteen inches, and that, when the stalk is Street dirt, Scrapings of Roads, &c. Twenty thick, not more than three joints should be allowed double horse cart-loads to the acre. to each layer; and if these were judiciously split, Plaster of Paris. A bushel to the acre, strewso much the better, as each large joint, if proper-ed over the plants after they are up and in leaf, ly dissected, would yield from two to four trees; will prove serviceable. but without the person attempting it knows his business he had better let it alone. By Roots. The roots should be separated so as to leave one or two eyes or buds on the hard wood attached thereto. As the hand is about putting them in the ground he must with his hoe make the furrow sufficiently deep to admit the roots so as to cover the buds about an inch or two, then press the earth around the roots with his feet, and his work will have been completed. If it be designed to plant the root with a larger portion of hard wood attached, the person layering, must be careful to make the hole which receives the root, deep enough to admit the root being covered two or three inches. Roots may either be planted flat or upright; but in either case the earth must be pressed firmly around them. Manures.-Almost any kind of manure will answer; but that which is well rotted, is best. A compost made of rich mould from the woods, and ashes, in proportion of eight parts of the former and two of the latter, is well suited to the culture of the mulberry. If ashes be not convenient, nine parts of mould from the woods and one of lime, will be found to answer equally. Stable or barnyard manure, in the absence of other kinds, spread broadcast and ploughed in deeply, may advantageously be used. If the manure used be long, a few bushels of lime, say ten or fifteen to the acre, should be spread on the ground after it is ploughed, previously to its being harrowed. Lime. Twenty-five bushels to the acre. Culture.-The whole art of the culture of the morus multicaulis consists in keeping the ground entirely free from weeds and grass, and well stirred. As soon as the mulberries make their appearance above the earth and are distinguishable, a careful person should go through the patch and relieve them by hand of all weeds and grass. As soon as this is done let the cultivator be run through the furrows so as to root up and destroy all noxious vegetation: when the work of the cul tivator has been performed, let your hands, provided with good sharp hoes, go from hill to hill, and perform the double operation of extirpating every vestige of grass and weeds, and lightening up the soil so as to receive the benefits of dew, sun, rain, and atmosphere. As often as the grass appears, destroy it with your cultivator or hoe. If you do this work early, you will never have occasion to use the plough, for the cultivator used at the right time will be sufficient. I will conclude by admonishing you not to work your morus multicaulis trees after the first of August. ces some of the most distinguished names among the Unitarian THE following stanzas from the Western Messenger embradivines. A LANDSCAPE. Yes-true. Our preachers are not all named so Ashes from wood, bituminous and anthracite coal, we have used with the best effects. If ashes Long may our churches hold such pastors good, be used, it must be spread on the surface after the ground is ploughed and harrowed in. Bone dust or ground bones, have been found an excellent manure for them; but before being used they should be mixed with ashes or good rich And sure, if, like their names, they'll always teach; While Hedge, Field, Dewey, Hill and Wood, Bridge, Ripley, Brooks, Wells, Waterston, still preach, And Greenwood, Robbins, Nightingale awake: See-what a pastoral scene our pastors make. ADVICE TO A DAUGHTER. We are accustomed to receive with reverence every admonition and counsel from the lips and pens of our revolutionary fathers, nor can we do a wiser thing, than to listen to their advice. The following advice of a father to his daughter, is from the pen of that distinguished patriot, Patrick Henry; and we commend its careful perusal to those of our female readers who have "just entered into that state which is replete with happiness or misery." It was written by Henry immediately after the marriage of his daughter. MY DEAR DAUGHTER-You have just entered into that state which is replete with happiness or misery. The issue depends upon that prudent, amiable, uniform conduct, which wisdom and virtue so strongly recommend, on the one hand, or on that imprudence which a want of reflection or passion may prompt on the other. But she loses everything; she loses her husband's respect for her virtue, she loses his love, and with her own misery, and then utters idle and silly that, all prospect of future happiness. She creates complaints, but utters them in vain. The love of a husband can be retained only by the high opinion which he entertains of his wife's goodness of heart, of her amiable disposition, of the sweetness of her temper, of her prudence, of her devotion to him. Let nothing upon any occasion ever lesment every day: he should have much more reasen that opinion. On the contrary, it should augson to admire her for those excellent qualities which will cast a lustre over a virtuous woman when her personal attractions are no more. Has your husband stayed out longer than you expected? When he returns receive him as the partner of your heart. Has he disappointed you in something you expected, whether of ornament or of furniture, or of any conveniency? Never evinee discontent; receive his apology with You are allied to a man of honor, of talents, cheerfulness. Does he, when you are housekeeper and of an open, generous disposition. You have invite company without informing you of it, or therefore in your power, all the essential ingredi- bring home with him a friend? Whatever may ents of domestic happiness: it cannot be marred, be your repast, however scanty it may be, howif you now reflect upon that system of conduct ever impossible it may be to add to it, receive which you ought invariably to pursue-if you now them with a pleasing countenance, adorn your see clearly, the path from which you will resolve table with cheerfulness, give to your husband and never to deviate. Our conduct is often the result to your company a hearty welcome; it will more of whim or caprice, often such as will give us than compensate for every other deficiency; it many a pang, unless we see, beforehand, what is will evince love for your husband, good sense in always most praiseworthy, and the most essential yourself, and that politeness of manners, which to happiness. acts as the most powerful charm! It will give to the plainest fare a zest superior to all that luxury can boast. Never be discontented on any occasion of this nature. In the next place, as your husband's success in his profession will depend upon his popularity, and as the manners of a wife have no little influence in extending or lessening the respect and esteem of others for her husband, you should take care to be affable and polite to the poorest as well as the richest. A reserved haughtiness is a sure indication of a weak mind and an unfeeling heart. With respect to your servants, teach them to respect and love you, while you expect from them a reasonable discharge of their respective duties. Never tease yourself, or them, by scolding; it has no other effect than to render them discontented and impertinent. Admonish them with a calm firmness. The first maxim which you should impress deeply upon your mind, is, never to attempt to control your husband by opposition, by displeasure, or any other mark of anger. A man of sense, of prudence, of warm feelings, cannot, and will not, bear an opposition of any kind, which is attended with an angry look or expression. The current of his affections is suddenly stopped; his attachment is weakened; he begins to feel a mortification the most pungent; he is belittled even in his own eyes, and be assured, the wife who once excites those sentiments in the breast of a husband, will never regain the high ground which she might and ought to have retained. When he marries her, if he be a good man, he expects from her smiles, not frowns; he expects to find in her one who is not to control him-not to take from him the freedom of acting as his own judgement shall direct, but one who will place such confidence in him, as to believe that his pru- Cultivate your mind by the perusal of those dence is his best guide. Little things, what in books which instruct while they amuse. Do not reality are mere trifles in themselves, often pro- devote much of your time to novels; there are a duce bickerings and even quarrels. Never permit few which may be useful and improving in giving them to be a subject of dispute; yield them with a higher tone to our moral sensibility; but they pleasure, with a smile of affection. Be assured tend to vitiate the taste, and to produce a disrelish that one difference outweighs them all a thousand for substantial intellectual food. Most plays are or ten thousand times. A difference with your of the same cast; they are not friendly to the husband ought to be considered as the greatest delicacy which is one of the ornaments of the calamity-as one that is to be most studiously female character. History, geography, poetry, guarded against; it is a demon which must never moral essays, biography, travels, sermons, and be permitted to enter a habitation where all other well-written religious productions, will not should be peace, unimpaired confidence, and fail to enlarge your understanding, to render you heartfelt affection. Besides, what can a woman a more agreeable companion, and to exalt your gain by her opposition or indifference? Nothing. virtue. A woman devoid of rational ideas of re ligion, has no security for her virtue; it is sacrificed to her passions, whose voic, not that of God, is her only governing principle. Besides, in those hours of calamity to which families must be exposed, where will she find support, if it be not in her just reflections upon that all-ruling Providence which governs the universe, whether inanimate or animate. united to our respective situations. Competency is necessary; all beyond that point, is ideal. Do not suppose, however, that I would not advise your husband to augment his property by all honest and commendable means. I would wish to see him actively engaged in such a pursuit, because engagement, a sedulous employment, in obtaining some laudible end, is essential to happiness. In the attainment of a fortune, by honorable means, and particularly by professional exertion, a man derives particular satisfaction, in self-applause, as well as from the increasing estimation in which he is held by those around him. Mutual politeness between the most intimate friends, is essential to that harmony which should never be once broken or interrupted. How important then is it between man and wife! The more warm the attachment, the less will either party bear to be slighted, or treated with the smallest degree of rudeness or inattention. This politeness, then, if it be not in itself a virtue, is at least, the means of giving to real goodness a new lustre; it is the means of preventing discontent, and even quarrels; it is the oil of inter-a just frugality; always reserve something for course; it removes asperities, and gives to everything a smooth, an even, and a pleasing move ment. I will only add, that matrimonial happiness does not depend upon wealth; no, it is not to be found in wealth; but in minds properly tempered and In the management of your domestic concerns, let prudence and wise economy prevail. Let neatness, order, and judgement be seen in all your different departments. Unite liberality with the hand of charity; and never let your door be closed to the voice of suffering humanity. Your servants, in particular, will have the strongest claim upon your charity; let them be well fed, well clothed, nursed in sickness, and never let them be unjustly treated. HYDROPHOBIA. A Mad Dog. WITHIN the last few years, that frightful and generally fatal disease, called Hydrophobia, has become alarmingly prevalent in this country, especially within the vicinities of some of our larger cities. Notwithstanding the municipal authorities have endeavored to prevent the evil by laws for the confinement of dogs during certain seasons of the year, yet painful details of suffering and death from the bite of rabid animals have frequently been published. As a knowledge of the premonitory symptoms of the disease in dogs might often prevent fatal catastrophes, we copy the following description from the British Cyclo pedia, for the benefit of our readers. As the symptoms, disease, and results, are everywhere the same, this article is equally suitable to this country and Great Britain. The symptoms of rabies in the dog are the following, and are given nearly in the order in which they usually appear: An earnest licking, sullenness, and a disposition to hide from obseror scratching, or rubbing of some particular part; vation; considerable costiveness and occasional vomiting; an eager search for indigestible substances-as bits of thread, hair, straw, and dung. companions; eagerly hunts and worries the cat; The dog becomes irritable; quarrels with his mumbles the hand or foot of his master, or perhaps suddenly bites it, and then crouches and asks if once heard, can rarely be forgotten; or, if he barks, it is with a short, hoarse, inward sound, altogether dissimilar from his usual tone. pardon. As the disease proceeds, the eyes be- returns in about four-and-twenty hours, complete come red: they have a peculiar bright and fiercely exhausted to the habitation of his master. He expression. Some degree of strabismus, or squint- frequently utters a short and peculiar howl, which, ing, very early appears-not the protrusion of the memorana nictitans over the eye, which, in distemper often gives the appearance of squinting, but an actual distortion of the eyes; the lid of one eye is evidently more contracted than that of the other; twitchings occur round that eye; they gradually spread over that cheek, and finally over the whole face. In the latter stage of the disease, that eye frequently assumes a dull green color, and at length becomes a mass of ulceration. The In the latter stages of the disease, a viscid saliva flows from his mouth, with which the surface of the water that may be placed before him is covered in a few minutes; and his breathing is attended with a harsh grating sound, as if impeded by the accumulation of phlegm in the respiratory passages. The loss of power over the After the second day the dog usually begins to voluntary muscles extends, after the third day, lose a perfect control over the voluntary muscles. throughout his whole frame, and is particularly He catches at his food with an eager snap, as if evident in the loins; he staggers in his gait; there uncertain whether he could seize it; and he often is an uncertainty in all his motions; and he frefails in the attempt. He either bolts his meat al-quently falls, not only when he attempts to walk, most unchewed, or in the attempt to chew it, suf- but when he stands, balancing himself as well as fers it to drop from his mouth. This want of he can. On the fourth or fifth day of the disease, power over the muscles of the jaw, tongue, and he dies, sometimes in convulsions, but more frethroat increases, until the lower jaw becomes de- quently without a struggle. After death, there pendent, the tongue protrudes from the mouth, will invariably be found more or less inflammation and is of a dark and almost black colour. The of the mucous coat of the stomach; sometimes animal is able, however, by a sudden convulsive confined to the ruga, at other times in patches, effort, to close his jaws, and to inflict a severe generally with spots of extravasated blood, and bite. The dog is in incessant action; he scrapes occasionally intense, and occupying the whole of his bed together, disposes it under him in various that viscus. The stomach will likewise contain forms, shifts his posture every instant, starts up, some portion of indigestible matter (hair, straw, and eagerly gazes at some real or imaginary ob- dung,) and occasionally, it will be completely fillject; a peculiar kind of delirium comes on; he ed and distended by an incongruous mass. traces the fancied path of some imaginary object lungs will usually present appearances of inflamfloating around him; he fixes his gaze intently mation, more intense in one, and generally the on some spot in the wall or partition, and sud- left lung, than in the other. Some particular denly plunges and snaps at it; his eyes then points and patches will be of a deep colour, while close, and his head droops, but the next moment the neighboring portions are unaffected. The he starts again to renewed activity: he is in an sublingual and parotid glands will be invariably instant recalled from this delirium by the voice enlarged, and there will also be a certain portion of his master, and listens attentively to his com- of inflammation, sometimes intense, and at other mands; but, as soon as his master ceases to ad-times assuming only a faint blush, on the edge of dress him, he relapses into his former mental wandering. His thirst is excessive, (there is no hydrophobia, or fear of water in the dog,) and the power over the muscles concerned in deglutition being impaired, he plunges his face into the water up to the very eyes, and assiduously, but in- All animals which have become rabid by a bite effectually attempts to lap. (In Johnson's Shoot- do not appear to be able to transmit it to others; er's Companion the author observes: "In those as the hog, cow, sheep. In regard to man, it is instances of hydrophobia which have fallen under not certain whether the disease is communicable my notice, the animal has always been capable of from the human subject. The hydrophobia is not lapping; however, in the disease called dumb commonly manifested in the time of greatest cold madness, I have noticed symptoms similar to the or greatest heat, but usually in March and April above.") His desire to do mischief depends much in wolves, and in May and September in dogs. It on his previous disposition and habits. He springs is rare in very warm or very cold climates. No to the end of his chain; he darts with ferocity at particular cause of the rabies is known; it is a some object which he conceives to be within his mistake to attribute it to a total privation of food, reach; he diligently tears to pieces everything as a great number of experiments prove that this All obserabout him; the carpet or rug is shaken with sav- is not the effect of such a treatment. age violence; the door or partition is gnawed vations seem to prove the existence of a rabid asunder; and so eager is he in this work of de- virus, which is more violent when it proceeds molition, and so regardless of bodily pain, that he from wolves than from dogs; as out of a given not unfrequently breaks one or all of his teeth. number of persons bitten by a rabid wolf, a greatIf he effects his escape, he wanders about, some-er number will die than out of the same number times merely attacking those dogs which fall in his way; and at other times he diligently and perseveringly hunts out his prey; he overcomes every obstacle to effect his purpose; and, unless he has been stopped in his march by death, he VOL. VII.-3 the epiglottis, or on the rima glottidis, or in the angle of the larynx at the back of it. The hydrophobia seems to be spontaneous, and capable of being communicated only by certain animals— the dog, the wolf, the fox, and the cat. bitten by a dog. The communication of the virulent hydrophobia by inoculation cannot be denied, and is the best proof of the existence of the virus. The virus appears to be contained solely in the saliva, and does not produce any effect on the THE NEW INDIAN EMPIRE. healthy skin. But if the skin be deprived of the epidermis, or if the virus be applied to a wound, the inoculation will take effect. The develop- of our country, since the establishment of the ment of the rabid symptoms is rarely immediate; Federal government, more interesting in itself, or it seldom takes place before the fortieth or after fraught with more important consequences, than the sixtieth day. It begins with a slight pain in the settlement of the native tribes beyond the the scar of the bite, sometimes attended with a western limits of the Union. There are now in chill; if the bite was on the lower limbs, the pain the territory set apart by congress for their perextends and reaches the base of the breast, or, if manent residence, about ninety-five thousand Inon the upper extremities, the throat. The patient dians, belonging to twenty-two separate tribes, becomes silent; frightful dreams disturb his sleep; and speaking as many different languages. About the eyes become brilliant; pains in the neck and twenty thousand of the whole number belong to throat ensue. These symptoms precede the rabid tribes native to the soil. But the estimate does symptoms two or three days. They are followed not include the wild Indians of the prairie or the by a general shuddering at the approach of any mountains, or those residing north of the Misliquid or smooth body, attended with a sensation souri, or around the sources of the Mississippi, as of oppression, deep sighs, and convulsive starts, all of these are without the limits of the terriin which the muscular strength is much increas-tory. about six hundred. It contains an area of about eighty millions of the public land, and is healthy, well-watered, sufficiently timbered, and a great deal of it remarkably fertile, and is well adapted for agricultural and pastoral purposes. Lead ore, iron ore, coal, and salt springs have been discov ered in it. And it is said that all who reside there are well pleased with their situation. ed. After the rabid fit the patient is able to drink. The average breadth of the territory is someThe disposition to bite does not appear to belong thing over two hundred miles, and its length to any animals except those whose teeth are weapons of offence: thus rabid sheep do not bite, though they butt furiously. A foamy, viscid slaver is discharged from the mouth; the deglutition of solid matters is difficult; the respiration hard; the skin warm, burning, and afterward covered with sweat; the pulse strong. The fits are often followed by a syncope; they return at first every few hours, then at shorter intervals, and death. Some few of these, the Choctaws, the Chickatakes place generally on the second or third day. saws, the Cherokees, have, to some extent, writA great number of applications have been rec- ten laws for the internal government of their reommended, but without success. The treatment spective tribes. The Delawares are about imitaof the disease is of two sorts: the one consists in ting their example. With these exceptions, the preventing its development; the other in check-whole of these ninety-five thousand Indians, diviing its progress. The former consists in cauter-ded into upward of twenty tribes, who speak izing the wound with iron heated to a white heat, different languages, and many of whom entertain the pain of the cautery being less as the temper- for each other mutual hereditary animosities, ature is greater. The cautery is preferable to have for their government no international law. the use of lotions, liniments, &c,, but it should be It is manifestly both the duty and the policy of employed within twelve hours after the bite. It our government to provide against the possible has been said that, in patients who were about to consequences of this critical state of things. And become rabid, several little pustules filled with a it was with that view that the senate once passserous matter appeared under the tongue, the ed a bill for a Territorial Government, to be opening of which would prevent the disease; but framed by a convention of the tribe themselves this is not well established. A mode of treatment requiring only that the superintendent or gov which has in many cases been attended with suc-ernor should be appointed by the president and cess must now be adverted to. It consists in the senate, and that the laws should be approved by application of a cupping-glass to the lacerated part, which, by forming a vacuum over the wound, prevents the virus being imbibed, and taken into the system. It will be obvious that the application of the cupping instrument must speedily fol- Much valuable information concerning the conlow the infliction of the wound, and, when the dition and prospects of these tribes is given in a poison is brought to the surface, the knife or cau- work entitled "An Annual Register of Indian Aftery may be resorted to. Various remedies have fairs in the Indian Territory," by the Rev. Isaac been prescribed for the cure of a declared hydro- M'Coy, who has devoted the last twenty years of phobia. Bleeding, even to syncope, appears to his life to their improvement. It appears by this have produced the greatest effect, but without work that the best informed and civilized are the complete success. Preparations of opium admin- Choctaws, the Cherokees, and Creeks. Many of istered internally or by injection, mercurial fric-them have learned our language, our religion, our tions, belladonna, emetics, sudorifics, purgatives, literature, our agricultural pursuits, and mechanic &c., have been tried ineffectually. Yet the phy-arts. Some of them studied our forms of governsician should not despair, as a remedy which has ment, and have organized their government for failed in one case may succeed in another. Above the respective tribes in imitation of ours. They all, the patient should be treated gently, and his sufferings alleviated by consulting his comfort as much as possible; and the attendants should not forget that there is no instance of the rabies having been communicated from one man to another. the president, and providing for the appointment by the Indians of one Indian delegate to congress. We trust the subject will be resumed and successfully prosecuted at the next session of congress. have printing-presses among them; they publish newspapers in the English and Indian languages. They print their school-books, and almanacs, &c. We quote brief notices of three of the most advanced. Of the Choctaws it is said :— |