in which men's thoughts are clothed, will still be elegant and truly classical. Much are we indebted to our forefathers for having cultivated the elegant languages of Greece and Rome. If we have the gratitude and the wisdom to respect their precepts, and to follow their example, I am persuaded we shall not only be an honour to the age we live in, but reflect transcendant lustre on succeeding generations.

III. THE third Duke of Braganza was Fernando, eldest son of his father, Fernando, during whose life, he bore the title of Count of Vimirana, conferred on him by Alphonso V. He was also Count of Guimareans, and Marquis of Villa-viciosa in his own right. His first consort was Leonor de Menezes, daughter of Pedro de Menezes, first Count of Villa-real, and of Margaret de Miranda, his wife. Dona Leonor, dying without issue, he espoused Isabel de Portugal, daughter of the Infant, Fernando of Portugal, Duke of Viseo, and son of Edward, King of Portugal. Previous to his nuptials with this royal and illustrious lady, he was created Duke of Vimirana.

Joam II. succeeded in 1481 to the throne of his father, Alphonso V. The peace of his reign was disturbed at an early period by the revolt of the greatest families in the kingdom. Among the leaders of the conjuration, the Duke of Braganza was particularly conspicuous, and the rigorous usage imposed by his

majesty's officers upon the Duke and the other grandees of Portugal, was assigned as the reason of the conspiracy. Sandford* says it was discovered by Fernando's secretary, who in searching for some papers for his master, found the correspondence between him and the King of Castile, which he delivered to Joam in hopes of a large recompense. The King, for some time dissembled his knowledge of his traitorous designs, and received the Duke at court in his usual manner. At last he charged him with them, which he strenuously denied. Continuing, however, his malpractices against the state, he was impeached, brought to trial, and fully convicted. He was beheaded at Evora on the 21st of June, in 1443. His body was first interred in the church of St. Dominique, in the city of Evora, and afterwards removed to the family burial-place, in the convent of Saint Augustin at Villaviciosa.

Fernando had issue by Dona Isabel-James, who succeeded him in the dukedom-Philip, who died without issue in Castile, whither he was sent by his mother, along with his brothers and sisters, on the death of his father, and consigned to the care of his aunt, the then reigning Queen of Castile; he died shortly after his father's execution. Denis, married to the Countess of Lemos, was created Count of Lemos; this splendid alliance was accomplished about the year 1500, by his aunt. The countess was Beatrix de Castro, daughter of Roderic de Castro, and of Teresa Osorio; she was heiress of, and received in dower the lordships of Sarria, Castro, and Ottera. From this union the illustrious house of Lemos is descended-Margaret died unmarried.

Fernandot is reported to have had another son and daughter, by Dona Isabel-Alphonso, said to have been grand-master of the order of Christ, and married to Jeronyma de Noronho; he left no issue-the daughter named Catharina.

IV. The consequence of the Braganza family, and its connection with the royal branch, secured to James, the eldest son of the last Duke, the restoration of the family estates, lordships, and honours; this took place upon the accession of King Emanuel, who, in that year, succeeded to the throne of Portugal, on the demise of Joam II.‡

Sandford's Genealogies.

Mémoires de Portugal par le Chevalier d' Qliveyra, 2 toms. Amsterdam, 1741. † Mariana.

This favour, although great and munificent, was not the only one conferred on James by Emanuel, who was his uncle by marriage. He received a commission in 1513, appointing him general of a fleet destined to convey troops against Africa, where he signalized himself particularly in the reduction of the city of Azamor, which had thrown off the Portuguese yoke. The reduction of this important place was an object of the greatest magnitude, as on the event of the expedition depended the fate of many of the Portuguese possessions in Africa. Don James was crowned with success, the city was sacked and pillaged with more severity than was customary in those times, which so alarmed the infidels, that they immediately abandoned the town of Almedina, and many neighbouring places, to his conquering army.

Emanuel's partiality for Duke James had so much increased in 1498, that, in case he died without issue, he provided and designed him to have succeeded to the throne, to the exclusion of the Emperor Maximilian I. son of Eleanor of Portugal, daughter of King Edward, and Leonor of Arragon, his wife, who married the Emperor Frederick II. Arch-Duke of Austria, at Rome, in 1450, and was crowned Empress by Pope Nicholas V. in 1451. Emanuel having children prevented the family of Braganza being at that time invested with regal honours.

Duke James was twice married; he first espoused Leonor de Guzman, daughter of Juan de Guzman, Duke of Medina Sidonia, and of Isabel de Velasco, his wife; from this marriage proceeded Theodosio, who succeeded him, and Isabel of Portugal, who espoused Edward of Portugal, Duke of Guimareans, youngest son of King Emanuel. After the death of Dona Leonor, he married Jane, daughter of Diego de Mendoza, Alcayde Mayor of the city of Mouron, and of Beatrice Soarez, his wife. His children by this marriage were James of Portugal, who died withont issue. Constantine, who was Grand Chamberlain to King Joam III. and sent by him in 1549, Ambassador to France, where he stood proxy for Joam at the baptism of Louis of France, Duke d'Orleans, second son of Henry II. of France; he was also made Viceroy of India: he espoused Maria de Menezes, daughter of Roderic de Mello, first Marquis of Ferreira. He died in the city of Estremos, without leaving issue, and was interred in the

*Vasconcellius.

church de las Hagas, at Villa-viciosa. Fulgence, Prior of Guimareans, left two natural children, Francisco de Braganza, Canon of Evora, who died in 1634, was commissary of the Croisade of Portugal, and one of the Portuguese council resident at Madrid→→ the other, a daughter named Angelica, who was Abbess of Villaviciosa. Theston of Portugal, Archbishop of Evora, is represented to have been a prelate of eminent virtue; he died at Valladolid in 1602, and was buried in the monastery of St. Antonio, at Evora. Jane of Portugal espoused Bernardino de Cardenas, Duke de Maqueda, founder of the illustrious house of that name. Eugenia of Portugal married her cousin, Francisco de Mello, Marquis of Ferreira-Maria and Vincenda, one abbess, and the other a nun at Villa-viciosa.

V. Duke James was succeeded by his eldest son, Don Theodosio, Duke of Barcellos, now raised to a dukedom by Joam III. afterwards the title of the eldest son of the Dukes of Braganza. He married Isabel de Castro, his cousin, daughter of Denis de Braganza, Count of Lemos, and of Beatrice de Castro, his wife, and had issue, Joam, who was the sixth duke. Theodosio afterwards espoused Beatrix de Lancastro, also his cousin, daughter of Louis de Lancastro, grand commander of the order of Avis, and of Magdalena de Granada, his wife; his children by this marriage were-James, who accompanied King Sebastian in his second expedition against the Moors, and was at the battle of Alcazer, where he fell with his sovereign on the 4th August, 1578. Isabel espoused to Michael de Menezes, first Duke of Caminha, Marquis of Villa-real.

[To be concluded in another Paper.]

FERDINAND THE SEVENTH.

HISTORY has been called "philosophy teaching by example:" It has also been morosely characterized as a mere Register of the crimes and follies of mankind. It is doubtless consulted as a precedent in difficult cases, by those men whom fate has destined to act an extraordinary part on the theatre of the world. Buonaparte, in assuming the first consulship, and afterwards the

throne of France, has trodden in the footsteps of Cromwell. In usurping the crown of Spain, he appears to have aped the beha viour of the Emperor Constantius to the credulous Gallus, as related in the third volume of Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

"After a long delay, the reluctant Cæsar (Gallus) set forward on his journey to the Imperial Court. From Antioch to Adrianople, he traversed the wide extent of his dominions with a numerous and stately train, and as he laboured to conceal his appre hensions from the world, and perhaps from himself, he entertained the people of Constantinople with an exhibition of the games of the Circus. The progress of the journey might, however, have warned him of the impending danger. In all the principal cities he was met by ministers of confidence, commissioned to seize the offices of government, to observe his motions, and to prevent the hasty sallies of his despair. The persons dispatched to secure the provinces which he left behind, passed him with cold salutations or affected disdain; and the troops, whose station lay along the public road, were studiously removed on his approach, lest they might be tempted to offer their swords for the service of a civil war. After Gallus had been permitted to repose himself a few days at Adrianople, he received a mandate, expressed in the most haughty and absolute style, that his splendid retinue should halt in that city, while the Cæsar himself, with only ten post-carriages, should hasten to the imperial residence at Milan. In this rapid journey, the profound respect which was due to the brother and colleague of Constantius, was insensibly changed to rude familiarity; and Gallus, who discovered in the countenances of the attendants, that they already considered themselves as his guards, and might soon be employed as his executioners, began to accuse his fatal rashness, and to recollect with terror and remorse, the conduct by which he had provoked his fate. The dissimulation which had been hitherto preserved, was laid aside at Peterro in Pannonia. He was conducted to a palace in the suburbs, where the General Barbatio, with a select band of soldiers, who could be neither moved by pity nor corrupted by rewards, expected the arrival of his illustrious victim. In the close of the evening he was arrested, ignominiously stripped of the ensigns of Cæsar, and hurried away to Pola in Istria, a sequestered prison, which had been so reL L--VOL. v.*