Temple, are sufficient to recommend any publication of this nature. We are happy to say that the arrangement is good, and the selection unexceptionable, nor is there scarcely one letter in this numerous collection which we could wish to see omitted, as either vitiating the taste, or undermining the principles of youth. The volume therefore meets with our decided approbation.

ART. XXI. The Miscellaneous Papers of John Smeaton, Civil Engineer, &c. F.R.S. Comprising his Communications to the Royal Society. Printed in the Philosophical Transactions forming a Fourth Volume to his Reports. Illustrated with Plates. 4to. 208 pp. Longman. 1814.

The papers here collected together include the whole of Mr. Smeaton's communications to the Royal Society. The philosopher, the builder, and the mechanist will hail this work as a most curious aud interesting publication. Mr. Smeaton is a man whose name and reputation stand most deservedly high in the annals of science; and this volume will in no small degree add to his fame. There is an admirable paper upon overshot wheels, from which we shall give the following extract:

In the former part of this essay, we have considered the impulse of a confined stream, acting on Undershot Wheels. We now proceed to examine the power and application of water, when acting by its gravity on Overshot Wheels.

In reasoning without experiment, one might be led to imagine, that however different the mode of application is, yet, that whenever the same quantity of water descends through the same perpendicular space, that the natural effective power would be equal; supposing the machinery free from friction, equally calculated to receive the full effect of the power, and to make the most of it: for if we suppose the height of a column of water to be 30 inches, and resting upon a base or aperture of one inch square, every cubic inch of water that departs therefrom will acquire the same velocity, or momentum, from the uniform pressure of 30 cubic inches above it, that one cubic inch let fall from the top will acquire in falling down to the level of the aperture; viz. such a velocity as, in a contrary direction, would carry it to the level from whence it fell *; one would therefore suppose, that a cubic inch of water, let fall through a space of 30 inches, and there impinging upon another body. would be be capable of producing an equal effect by collision, as if

"This a consequence of the rising of jets to the height of their reservoirs nearly."

the

the same cubic inch had descended through the same space with a slower motion, and produced its effects gradually: for in both cases gravity acts upon an equal quantity of matter, through an equal space; and consequently, that whatever was the ratio between the power and effect in undershot wheels, the same would obtain in overshot, and indeed in all others; yet, however conclusive this reasoning may seem, it will appear, in the course of the following deductions, that the effect of the gravity of descending bodies is very different from the effect of a stroke of such as are non elastic, though generated by an equal mechanical power." P. 44.

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