his inventions. On the other hand, where Constructiveness was large and these organs small, we have observed the tendency to be towards drawing or architecture, or some other form of still-life mechanism, with little interest in machinery in motion. In Mr James Milne's son this combination occurs; and, while we have seen specimens of his talents in drawing, without teaching, we have been informed that he has yet displayed no partiality for the kind of mechanism connected with motion. ARTICLE VIII. PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF PHRENOLOGY ON A VOYAGE. 25th January 1824. MR EDITOR,-One of the most instructive and delightful occupations which a phrenologist can have, and one which can never fail him, at home or abroad, in the society of friends or of strangers, of the learned or of the illiterate, is that of observing peculiarities of development, and of tracing the varied natural language and outward manifestations of the predominant faculties in the looks, gestures, speech, and conduct of those with whom he may come in contact. Indeed, I have, ever since I became acquainted with the science, found it to be the most desirable travelling compapion a man can have. By its means the phrenologist derives both profit and pleasure, where another man finds only dulness and ennui. Place him, for instance, in a stagecoach, or in a steam-boat, among strangers, he has no difficulty in passing his time to his satisfaction. He sets about ascertaining what his companions are, not by asking their names, places of abode, and professions, as is the custom in France, but by inspecting their development, the indications afforded by which he knows to be the best and truest certificate of their intellectual talents, moral qualities, and he regulates his conduct accordingly. If he finds a youth with an enormous endowment of Self-esteem and Love of Approbation, who seems to demand the homage of all about him, and to think himself the most important person present, the phrenologist, knowing from what his airs proceed, instead of taking offence, treats him according to his real merits, and probably amuses himself with studying the peculiar combination of faculties which mark his character. If he finds another man who contradicts every word that is said, and shews himself obstinate in maintaining a disputed point, the phrenologist regards this as springing from a large endowment of Combativeness and Firmness, and, aware that argument only serves to inflame these already too active propensities, he mildly states his opinion, and leaves his friend to keep that which he believes to be right. If, again, he meets with a person in whom Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness, and Selfesteem are large in proportion to Conscientiousness and Intellect, he can see no harm in these degenerate days in guarding against such trifling accidents as the disappearance of his purse or his watch. Or if he finds a man with small Comparison and Causality and a small head, he will not try to talk with him on metaphysics or political economy; at least, with the view of acquiring new ideas. But I must stop my illustrations to come to the proper business of this letter, which is simply to give you an account of the cerebral development and manifestations of an individual whose character I had leisure to study during a pretty long voyage in a ship in which he was captain and I a passenger.* The configuration of his head was calculated to strike, but by no means to delight, the observer. He soon saw the worst, however, and he could act accordingly. Subjoined is a note of the development, which, from actual examination, I know to be correct : No 1. Amativeness, small. 2. Philoprogenitiveness, large. No 6. Destructiveness, very large. 7. Constructiveness, large. The facts stated in this letter are not fictitious.-Editor. No 11. Love of Approbation, rather | No 23. Colour, full. I shall add a few remarks on the manifestations of his predominant faculties. Amativeness is marked rather small, and it is a curious. feature in a sailor's life, that, notwithstanding the license allowed on board of ship, and the little delicacy displayed in the choice of terms or modes of speech by sailors in general, our captain scarcely ever, in the whole course of the voyage, spoke a word under the impulse of this organ which could offend the most delicate ear. In him this refinement was the more remarkable, as, from his rudeness and coarseness of character, it was less expected. Adhesiveness was rather small, and the only manifestation referable to this faculty was immoderate laughter at his brother having been seized by the press-gang, and carried on board the tender as a deserter, when he himself was the person they wanted. He reckoned this a capital joke, and delighted to tell it. Combativeness rather large. The fibre was long, but there was little breadth in this region. Its manifestations were not remarkable. Destructiveness and Self-esteem were both very large, and the former was used as an instrument for gratifying the thirst for power, arising from a large development of the latter. When Self-esteem is large, the claim to superiority is generally founded on those qualities which the individual possesses in largest proportion. Thus, when combined with intellect and moral sentiments, the person values himself on intellectual and moral excellence. When the animal propenVOL. I.-No II. sities predominate, the individual seeks the gratification of his large Self-esteem by the infliction of misery upon others, as the only means by which he can impress them with a due sense of his power over them. In this way the captain's Self-esteem and Destructiveness acted together in great harmony, and vented themselves in ebullitions of passion and rage, and a total disregard to the feelings of others, The cloven foot appeared the very day we sailed, although he was anxious to appear all smoothness and civility. Having been hurried in his preparations, the ship presented at this time a scene of turmoil and con fusion far surpassing any thing I ever saw, or had an idea of. The deck was covered with every sort of lumber, in the midst of which, pigs, dogs, hens, ducks, and geese, were joining the chorus, and increasing the chaotic din of a crew in the last stage of drunkenness, every member of which attributed all the uproar to the intoxication of the others, and gave loose to his wrath; and the noise caused by the explosion of which was augmented ten-fold by that of some unfortunate biped, or quadruped, who had the misfortune to be trampled upon at every turn. The cabin was covered with trunks, baskets, barrels, cooking utensils, bedding, &c. so as almost to prevent locomotion. In the midst of this, our steward left us, on account of his brother having been killed by a fall from the yard of an Indiaman alongside, and we got an Irishman in his place, who had never been in the ship till that moment, and who of course could not know the geography of the lockers, &c. even had every thing been in the most perfect order. Two or three visitors remained on board, and the captain wished to shew off a little. Our new steward exerted himself amazingly, but could not avoid a little delay and occasional mistakes, which Solomon himself would have committed in similar circumstances. Our captain, however, finding his Self-esteem hurt at the want of instant fulfilment of his orders, exhausted his Combativeness and Destructiveness upon poor Pat in curses and blows. The latter, conscious of having exerted himself to the utmost, and done well too, very naturally felt all his better feelings lacerated, and waxed a little hot, and threatened to leave us, (as we still lay on the tail of the sand-bank off the harbour.) At dark he did leave us, but was pursued by the captain, caught, and hauled through the water from the one boat to the other, and again brought on board with desperate threats against farther misconduct. In the course of the voyage the captain told us of many feats in which he had wounded some and killed others, but these we did not believe. He told us, for instance, that he slew two bravadoes at Oporto, and unslung a Yankee's arm with a pistol-ball at New Orleans; and he told us in a few days after we landed at ——— that he wished to get out of the town one evening after the gates were shut. The sentinel refused. The captain wrenched his musket from him in the most gallant style, threw it into the canal, and pummelled him to a jelly, and upon this was apprehended, lodged in the guard-house all night, where he scratched his breast with a penknife, swore next morning it was a bayonet-wound, and got off as having acted in selfdefence. We afterwards ascertained that there was not one word of truth in this story, as he was on board of his own vessel at the time alluded to; but it illustrates his character, But on one occasion, during the voyage, he fired a musket at a Dutch vessel to make her lie-to, that he might get a head of her. Constructiveness was large, as were Form, Size, Locality, and Imitation: these give a liking for mechanics. I once questioned him about his tendencies that way. His answer was, "See here what I am working at just now," at the same time producing from his pocket a handsome wooden foot, which he had carved with his knife, to form part of a female figure, from which the ship derived its name. I saw some other specimens beside this. His large Acquisitiveness, and enormous Self-esteem, gave him the most complete Selfishness, which, as Conscientiousness was small, he gratified at any expense within the limits of |