V. 9. On a high mountain get thee up, O thou that bring eft glad tidings to Zion." Dr. Stock.

O Zion, that bringeft glad tidings, get thee up into the high mountain." Publ verf.

Although, at first fight, it may be difficult to diftinguish. whether Zion is the bearer or the receiver of the glad tidings, from its being not fufficiently marked whether nowa Mebafhereth agrees with or governs Zion, yet the obfervation of Dr. Lowth fufficiently clears up that Zion is the receiver; that it was customary for the women of Ifrael to publifh a victory, as in the cafe of David and Saul. 1 Sam. xviii.. 6, 7. And this accounts for the participle appearing in the feminine gender.

Chap. xli. 1. "Let the Islands be new braced before me."

Dr. Stock.

"Keep filence before me, O Islands." Pub. verf.

The rendering of the Seventy is dynamiér9e, which makes it probable that they had read in their copy on Be ye new. Human nature lay in ruins, but they who heard the voice of the Son of God awoke to a newness of life.

V. 2. "Who is he that raifed up from the Eaft the man whom juftice met at every ftep?" Dr. Stock.

"Who hath raifed up the righteous man from the Eaft, and called him to his feet." Pub. verf.

Dr. Stock takes this righteous perfon to be Cyrus; but how is it conceivable, that the Judge of all fhould term an habitual idolater righteous? Dr. Lowth thinks it was Abra ham. He, too, was an idolater at the time he was called. Let it be obferved, that in the Hebrew it is pry righteousness, in the abstract. Who among the children of men can, or ought to be, fo termed? The original will not bear out the rendering at every flep." Foot, or feet, denote the place where Jehovah puts his name; fo fpeaks Ifaiah. "I will make the place of my feet glorious," lx. 13. 'I had in mine heart," fays David, "to build a houfe of reft for the feet of our God." Of this prophecy, then, the proper fulfilment is in Meffiah. "The Lord, whom ye feek, fhall come fuddenly to his temple." Malachi, iii. 1. that is, bank Le-raglo, to his feet.

66

V. 17. "The poor and the needy, thofe that look for water and there is none, whofe tongue is fixed with thirst." Dr. Stock. "And their tongue faileth for thirst," Pub. verf.

3

נשתה

hnw Nafhatha, is fixed, is very fignificant. fomewhat fimilar, the Latins ufe the verb Sto. cœlum ftare vident.

In a fenfe Jam pulvere

V. 27. "I first cried to Zion, behold them." Dr. Stock. "The firft shall fay to Zion, behold them." Pub. verf.

The fupplied verb "I cried," is better put in the first perfon than in the third; inafmuch as it feems regulated by ins, which likewise is in the first person.

Chap. xlii. 16. "Now, like a woman in travail, will I gather breath; I will blow and puff at once." Dr. Stock.

"Now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will deftroy and devour at once." Pub. verf.

Although both verfions render n Me-olam, long time, yet we imagine "from of old" would have given a deeper impreffion of the lengthened period of the divine patience. In the concluding part of the verse, the two verfions are as different as light and darkness. To a careful obferver, the verfion given by Dr. Stock is confiftent. The metaphor of a woman in childbed is preferved throughout, and is expreffive of thofe acts which are peculiar to woman in that fituation. Whereas, to render "I will cry like a travailing woman," and then, to "deftroy and devour at once," is exceedingly uncouth, and puts one in mind of the sphinx at Thebes.

V. 21. "Jehovah was gracious unto him for his faithfulness fake." Dr. Stock.

"The Lord is well pleafed for his righteousness fake." Pub. verf.

Pon Haphetz, when applied to God through Chrift, affumes a meaning diftinct from its ufual acceptation, Optavit It expreffes the Father's peculiar acquiefcence in man. We could have wished that the term righteoufnefs had been retained, as forming one of the leading features of the Gospel.

Chap. xliii. 27. "Thy prime fpiritual father hath finned.”

Dr. Stock.

"Thy firft father hath finned." Pub. verf.

The learned prelate has added spiritual in order to direct the attention of the reader to a religious inftructor. Otherwife, by firft father, he might imagine Adam was meant, Ha-rifbon, as Antiftes, in Latin, denotes fupereminence

of office.

Tt

BRIT, CRIT, VOL. XXVIII, DEC. 1806.

Chap.

Chap. xliv. 5.- ." And another shall puncture his hand To JEHOVAH." Dr. Stock.

"And and another fhall fubfcribe with his hand unto the Lord." Pub. verf.

By this latter rendering, the fenfe is completely loft. The generality of readers underftand Ifaiah as faying that it is a perfon who fubfcribes fome inftrument, fuch as a covenant, whereas it is a writing punctured into the hand; and

"to Jehovah," is this writing; which phrafe is elliptical, to which inuft be fupplied wp "I am Jet apart to Jehovah." To this St. Paul alludes in a very ingenious and striking manner, Gal. vi. 17. Having been ftoned and fcourged, he terms his fcars τὰ ςίγματα το Κυρίω Ιησέ, and that in thefe punctures people might read with a witnefs. "Thefe are my bright infcription, my lafting honours."

V. 7.

Stock.

"From my appointing of the ancient people." Dr.

"Since I appointed the ancient people." Pub. verf.

Suppofing the by Am-Olam to denote the ancient people, it could not apply to the Jewish nation in the time of Ifaiah, when there were feveral nations who could plead a far more remote antiquity as nations; fuch as the Philistines, in the days of Abraham, and long before that period, the Affyrians. This appointment has fomething peculiar in it. Ezekiel affords us a clue to this myfterious phrafe, chap. xxvi. 20. Eftablishing the Am-Olam, or people of the bidden period, is the appointment of Sheol, or the intermediate flate, termed in the N. Teftament Hades; and this may be confidered as coeval with the foundation of the world. This is expreffed in Greek, by St. Paul, Karaxbovioi, fubterranean people; and with thefe he claffes gavion, and the Phil. i 10. Their place of habitation is termed by Ezekiel, the nether parts of the earth, and by St. Paul, τὰ κατώτερα μέρη της γης. Eph. iv. 9. "When I bring thee down," fays Jehovah by Ezekiel, "to the Am-Olam," the fubterranean people, i. e. the departed generations; the last of whom, although but dead the day before, were as much the Am-Olam as those who had been there fince Adam. Chap. xliv. 11. "Behold all his fellows shall be ashamed, and the workmen themselves fhall redden." Dr. Stock. ." And the workmen they are of men." This laft is the very effence of flatnefs. D is, in all probability, a mutilated plural, which has loft its Jod, by the following word beginning with that letter. Leaving

Pub. verf.

out the final M, is a contraction common in MSS. The word, in these cafes, affumes the appearance of being in the conftructed state. We wonder that the fagacious Lowth did not fee this, rather than propose a falfe concord.

V. 19. "To the branch of a tree fhall I fall down, to the comrade of afhes." Dr. Stock.

"Shall I fall down to the ftock of a tree?"

V. zo. "He feedeth of afhes." Pub. verf.

In the common verfion the fenfe is difturbed and divided off to different verses. "Shall I fall down to the flock of a tree," finishes one verfe; "He feedeth of afhes," begins the next. Which two propofitions are quite diftinct. Whereas, in the original, the fenfe embraces a Bul, and

Raah, as in appofition, denoting one and the fame thing. The latter, taken in the fenfe of focius, is acute and elegant; the branch the furviving half of that which is juft now burned. [To be concluded in our next.]

ART. IV. Popular Lectures on Zoonomia, or the Laws of Animal Life, in Health and Difeafe. By Thomas Garnett, M. D. &c.; formerly Profeffor of Natural Philofophy and Chemistry at the Royal Inftitution of Great Britain. 4to. 321 pp. 11. 1s. 11. 1s. Printed at the Royal Inftitution, for the Benefit of the Author's Children. 1804.

THIS

HIS work confifts of fourteen lectures, to which is prefixed the author's life, whofe portrait fronts the title page. The fubjects of the lectures are, 1. Introduction; 11. On Refpiration; III. On the Circulation of the Blood; IV. On Digestion and Nutrition; v. On the Senfes in general; VI. On Taste and Smell; vII. On Sound and Hearing; VIII. On Vifion; Ix. On the Laws of Animal Life; x. On the fame fubject; XI. Of the Nature and Causes of Difeafes; XII. On Inflammation and Afthenic Diseases; XIII. On the Gout; and XIV. On Nervous Complaints.

From the account of this author's life we fhall only extract the most effential particulars. Thomas Garnett was born at Cafterton, near Kirkby Lonsdale, Weftmoreland, on the 21st of April 1766. During the first fifteen years of his life, he remained with his parents. With a remarkable livelinefs

Tt2

livelines of difpofition, his bodily conftitution was weak from the very commencement of his life. Under fuch cir cumstances which rendered his mind peculiarly fit to fofter the feeds of knowledge, and at the fame time prevented in great measure his partaking of the diverfions, which fill up much of the time of other boys, his fchool education, though not of the most advantageous kind, rendered him decidedly fuperior to all his fchool-fellows. When he had nearly attained his 15th year, he was, at his earnest desire, put appren tice to Mr. Dawfon, a furgeon and apothecary at Sedbergh, who was likewife famous for his mathematical knowledge. With the affiftance of this gentleman, and in the course of four years, young Garnett became well acquainted with mechanics, hydroftatics, optics, and aftronomy. He afterwards directed his ferious attention to the ftudy of various other fubjects; but particularly to chemistry, which always continued to be his favourite fcience.

In the year 1785, Mr. G. went to Edinburgh, and became a member of the medical and phyfical Societies, of the latter of which he was afterwards elected prefident. There he attended the lectures of the beft profeffors, especi ally thofe of the celebrated Dr. Black, and Dr. Brown.

In the year 1797, he publifhed his lecture of health; and in September 1788 his inaugural differtation de vifu, when he obtained the degree of M. D. Soon after he came up to London, where he purfued his ftudies, by attending the beft lecturers of the metropolis, and by learning the practice of his profeffion in the chief hofpitals.

In 1789, Dr. G. having finifhed his ftudies in London, returned to his parents in Weftmoreland. But on the following year he eftablifhed himfelf as phyfician at Bradford, where he foon began to read private lectures on philofophy and chemistry. He wrote the treatife on optics in the Encyclopædia Britannica, which has been juftly admired; and likewife a treatife on the Holey Green Spa.

In 1791, Dr. G. removed to Knaresborough where he analyfed the crefcent water of Harrowgate, together with the other mineral waters of the fame place; and publifhed the refult of his experimental enquiry.

On the 16th of March, 1795, Dr. G. married Mifs Cleveland, and foon after came up to London, with the intention of going to America, there to read lectures on philofc phy, chemistry and other fubjects; being, however, intreated to give courfes of lectures in various parts of this kingdom, and his lectures meeting with a moft flattering encourage

ment