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and about 100 yards further in the same direction is a larger one, about 45 feet in diameter, with traces of a much smaller inner circle in its north-east part, plainly visible. A quarter of a mile to the south-west of this circle lies what remains of Twr-Gwyn-Bach, which has been opened at a time which dates back beyond the memory of the oldest frequenter of the mountain. The epithet "gwyn," (white) applied to these carns, seems to be derived from a white lichen which covers the stones. A short distance from Twr-Gwyn-Bach is the site of another carn, the name of which, Twyn-gosod, has been preserved, though the stones which formerly composed it have been entirely removed.

The nature of the remains for which this plateau is famous is preserved in the name of the small river Cerning (a corruption of the word Carneddog, which signifies abounding with carns) which rises in their midst, and flows by two farms, to which it imparts its name, into the Carno river.

The remains connected with the northern slope of the plateau have already been described by Mr. Morgan in his paper "On Carno" (Arch. Camb., 1853, p. 1). The writer did not visit its eastern and south-eastern sides, which are not destitute of vestiges which plainly indicate it to be worthy of investigation.

The Earthwork on Rhyd-yr-Önen.-One of the most interesting and best preserved earthworks of Arwystli remains yet to be described. It is situated upon a small farm called Rhyd-yr-Onen, about three miles to the south-west of the town of Llanidloes, in the upper part of "Cwm-glyn Brochan." It occupies a small triangular plateau elevated some sixty feet above two deep rapid brooks which flank it upon either side, and which unite at its apex. These brooks form a natural moat on two of its sides, and if dammed up near their junction would materially aid in defending the position. The third side is defended by a broad deep ditch, and very strong rampart of earth, which stretch from one edge of the plateau in the direction of the opposite

brook for a distance of about 240 feet. The rampart is covered with oak trees. At a distance of 150 feet from the outer ditch is another deep broad fosse, which surrounds a large circular mound measuring 520 feet in circumference, and between 40 and 50 higher than the ditch. There is a flat space on its summit which covers about 200 square yards. The space situated between the mound and the junction of the brooks is occupied by two platforms separated from each other by a deep broad fosse; the platform nearest the mound is some three or four feet higher than the other. That portion of the work lying between the outer agger and the mound is cultivated. An entrance-to all appearance modern-broad enough for carts, being made at this

end.

Local tradition states the work to be a great barrow, but the conductors of the Ordnance Survey held another opinion, and in all probability the correct one, when they pronounced it to be a moat. It is probably the site of one of those wooden castles which figure so prominently in the early history of the Principality. There is much in its form and position that is similar to the site of Owen Cyfeiliog's castle at Tafolwern.

The farm upon which it is situated is now the property of the North and South Wales Bank; it is, however, advertised for sale. We hope that its purchaser will carefully preserve this interesting relic.

Domen-y-Giw.-A mile to the south-west by west of Rhyd-yr-Onen, and rather more than a mile to the north of the village of Llangurig, on the crest of a high tract of moorland which here forms the line of watershed between the tributaries of the Wye and the Severn, is a tumulus known locally as Domen-y-Giw. It is a low flat mound about 60 yards in circumference and about three yards in elevation. From the vast extent of country which it commands it was most probably used as a beacon station. The view from it embraces the Plinlimmon Carneddau, with Cader Idris in the dim distance on the north-west; to the north may be seen.

the Arran; the horizon on the east being bounded by a belt of mountain masses stretching from the Arran to the Breidden Hill and Long Mynd; while the Kerry hills and Rhydd-Howel limit the view on the south-east. In front, the town of Llanidloes nestling at the foot of Pen-rhiw, with the sinuous Severn winding through the valley, forms a pleasant picture. To the south-west are the Llangurig Esgairs, with their carns, and the beautiful Wye winding pleasantly through the wooded farms at their feet until it is lost among the hills of Radnorshire.

Llangurig Carns.-Rather more than three miles to the west of the village of Llangurig, on the summit of Esgair-Ychion, formerly stood a carn, denominated on the ordnance map, Caerau. The stones which formed it have been removed for the purpose of building an adjacent outhouse.

Another carnedd, known as Carn-Bwlch-y-Cloddiau, lies half a mile to the south by west from the site of the first. It is a circular heap of stones about 35 yards in circumference, the stones in the centre of the mass being piled up to the height of about six feet. It is situated upon one of the summits of the Esgair, and commands a most magnificent and extended prospect.

A mile and a quarter to the south-east of the second carn, and about three miles and a half to the southwest of Llangurig, is an artificial ridge several hundreds yards long and between 30 and 40 broad, lying in the direction of north and south, apparently composed of stones which are in part covered with grass, a portion of its borders being protected by stones regularly placed upon their edges. Upon its crest are two carns, the smaller one about 5 feet in elevation and about 37 yards in circumference. Eighteen yards to the north of this is a larger carn some 8 feet high and 57 yards in circumference. A little further in the same direction are a great number of loose stones scattered about, some of them very large, and are to all appearance the remains of another carn. Were it not for the carns on

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