fear him; while here is a prince, come in with all the love and prayers and good liking of his people, who have given greater signs of loyalty and willingness to serve him with their estates than ever was done by any people, hath lost all so soon, that it is a miracle what a man could devise to lose so much in so little time!"

The most valuable part of Pepys' diary is that which gives us an insight into the manners and habits, both of action and feeling, which prevailed at the time. A most interesting paper might be written by drawing together and illustrating the most striking of these notices, but our limits are already touched upon, and we must hasten to a conclusion. Whatever be the most valuable part of the diary, the most aniusing is unquestionably that which relates to himself individually. Indeed we know of nothing more ludicrous than much of what he records. It is like obtaining a bird's-eye view of some lively friend who is soliloquizing, or dancing, or rhetorizing, in the innermost recesses of his study, with all the freedom of fancied solitude. The naïveté of the following is admirable. "Sir William Petty tells me that Mr Barlow is dead, for which (God knows my heart) I could be as sorry as is possible for one to be for a stranger by whose death he gets £100 a year.”

We are made the confidants of his innermost feelings and most trivial actions. No new dress is put on, or party of pleasure formed, without being faithfully recorded. In his dresses he especially luxuriates, owing, the reviewers maliciously hint, to his being the son of a tailor. He was evidently a great sight-seer and news-monger. No exhibition of "foreign wonders" is to be seen, or new play produced, without his presence; and even when he deems it unbecoming his dignity, as an official man, to be seen at the theatre, he goes disguised. He seems to have been very fond of seeing the court-beauties, and indeed he is sometimes placed in situations which could not be altogether pleasing to Mrs Pepys. In one place he sees "the finest smocks and linen petticoats of my Lady Castlemaine's," which it did him good to look at. There are some amusing entries, from which it may be gathered that he slily indulged a passion for a certain Mrs Mercer, a waiting maid, and occasional companion of Mrs Pepys, and it is curious to observe how he abstains from acknowledging, even to himself, this amourette, while the fact of its existence breaks out in several places. We do not know how we can better conclude our sketch than by giving the reader the following specimen of the candour with which he is treated.

"We supped at home and very merry. And then about nine o'clock at Mrs Mercer's gate, where the fire and boys expected us, and her son had provided abundance of serpents and rockets: and there mighty merry (my Lady Pen, and Peg, going thither with us, and Nan Wright) till about twelve at night, flinging our fire-works and burning one another and the people over the way. And at last our businesses being most spent, we in to Mrs Mercer's, and there mighty merry, smutting one another with candle grease and soot, till most of us were like devils. And that being done, then we broke up and to my house; and there I made them drink, and up stairs we went, and then fell into dancing, (W. Batelier dancing well) and dressing him and I and one Mr Bannister (who with my wife came over also with us) like women ; and Mercer put on a suit of Tom's like a boy, and mighty mirth we had -and Mercer danced a jig; and Nan Wright, and my wife, and Peggy

Pen, put on periwigs. Thus we spent till three or four in the morning -mighty merry.”

We fear that we have occupied a larger space by this memoir than might fairly be awarded to Pepys' merits, but his diary is such a singular production, and it is so rare in the list of politicians to find any thing amusing, that we hope to be excused. It is but fair to add, that appended to his diary are to be found many letters from Pepys to his friends, or vice versa, which exhibit him in a much more respectable and dignified light than any in which we have represented him.

Henry, Earl of Warrington.

BORN A. D. 1651.-DIED A. D. 1693.

NEITHER the exact time of the birth of this nobleman, nor yet any account of his infant years, remain on record: the first mention made of him being," that during the life of his father, he was knight of the shire for the county of Chester, in several parliaments, in the reign of King Charles II." In the house of commons he constantly showed himself a firm opposer of arbitrary power, and a steady friend to the rights of the people. He exerted himself in support of the bill of exclusion; and in the speech which he made on that occasion, he endeavoured to prove to use his own words—that "the next of kin has not so absolute an inherent right to the crown, but that he may, for the good of the nation, be set aside;" as all government was instituted for the benefit of the people, and not for the private interest of any particular family or individual.

He was very solicitous to have procured an act for the punishing those who were known to have received bribes from the court, in the parliament which was styled the Pension Parliament, in the reign of King Charles II. In the speech which he made on this subject in the subsequent parliament, he said, "Breach of trust is accounted the most infamous thing in the world, and this these men have been guilty of to the highest degree. Robbery and stealing our law punishes with death, and what deserve they who beggar and take away all that the nation has, under the pretence of disposing of the people's money for the honour and good of the king and kingdom." He proposed that a bill should be brought in, by which these hireling senators should be rendered incapable of serving in parliament for the future, or of enjoying any office, civil or military; and that they should be obliged, as far as they were able, to refund all the money which they had received for secret services to the crown; or, in other words, for betraying their constituents. "Our law," said he, "will not allow a thief to keep what he has gotten by stealth, but, of course, orders restitution; and shall these proud robbers of the nation not restore their ill-gotten goods.” His defence of the bill of exclusion, and opposition to the measures of the court in other instances, rendered him so obnoxious to the duke of York, that by his influence he was committed prisoner to the Tower. On Thursday the 14th of January, 1685, he was brought to his trial in Westminster-hall, before the lord-chancellor Jefferies, who was his personal enemy, and who was constituted lord-high-steward on that

occasion. He was not tried by the whole house of peers, though the parliament was then actually existing by prerogative; but by a select number of seventy-seven peers, summoned by the lord-high-steward for that purpose. He protested against this irregularity; but his objections being overruled, the trial proceeded. However, he made so full and clear a defence, that the peers, appointed to try him, unanimously acquitted him.

After this Lord Delamer lived in a retired manner in the country, much honoured and beloved, till measures were concerted for bringing about the Revolution, in which he very heartily concurred. On the prince of Orange's landing in England, his lordship, in a few days, raised a great force in Cheshire and Lancashire, and therewith marched to join that prince. On the prince's arrival at Windsor, in his approach towards London, Lord Delamer, together with the marquess of Halifax and the earl of Shrewsbury, were sent with a message to King James, to remove from Whitehall. Lord Delamer, though no flatterer of the king in his prosperity, was too generous to insult him in his distress, and treated the fallen monarch with great respect. Walpole says, "that Lord Delamer, who was thrice imprisoned for his noble love of liberty, and who narrowly escaped the fury of James and Jefferies, lived to be commissioned by the prince of Orange to order that king to remove from Whitehall,-a message which he delivered with a generous decency."

Out of the forces which were raised by Lord Delamer to join the prince of Orange, a regiment of horse was afterwards formed, the command of which was for some time committed to him as colonel; and this regiment served in Ireland during the war in that kingdom. On the 14th of February, 1689, Lord Delamer was sworn a privy-councillor; and, on the 9th of April following, he was made chancellor and under-treasurer of the exchequer. On the 12th of the same month he was also made lord-lieutenant of the county and city of Chester. This last office, together with that of privy-councillor, he enjoyed for life; but as to the others, he continued in them for about one year only. Mr Walpole says, "He was dismissed by King William, to gratify the tories." However, it was not thought advisable to displace a nobleman who had contributed so much towards the Revolution in a disobliging manner; and, therefore, he was, by letters-patent, bearing date, Westminster, 17th of April, 1690, created earl of Warrington, in the county of Lancaster. His lordship was thus characterised in a poem. written in the reign of King William :

"A brave asserter of his country's rights:

A noble, but ungovernable fire,

Such is the hero's,-did his breast inspire.

Fit to assist to pull a tyrant down;

But not to please a prince that mounts the throne.
Impatient of oppression, still he stood

His country's mound against th' invading flood.

He died in London on the 2d of January, 1693, in the forty-second year of his age, and was interred in the family vault of Bowden-church, in the county of Chester. He was a nobleman illustriously distinguished for his public spirit and his noble ardour in defence of the lib

erties of his country. He considered patriotism essential to the character of a virtuous man. In his Advice to his Children,' he says, "There never yet was any good man who had not an ardent zeal for his country." In his private life he appears to have been a man of piety, worth, honour, and humanity. His works, which were published in one volume, 8vo, in 1694, contain his Advice to his Children,' an 'Essay on Government,' several of his speeches in parliament; fifteen small Political Tracts or Essays; and The Case of William, earl of Devonshire.' He also wrote Observations on the Case of Lord Russell,' for whom he had a great friendship, and who, on the morning of his execution, sent him a very kind message, expressive of his regard for him.

Sackville, Earl of Dorset.

BORN A. D. 1637.-died a. D. 1705.

CHARLES SACKVILLE, sixth earl of Dorset and Middlesex, one of the most accomplished libertines of the most licentious age of English history, was the direct descendant of Queen Elizabeth's Lord Buckhurst, and the inheritor of his ancestor's poetical genius. He was privately educated, and, after making the grand tour, returned to England a little before the Restoration. In the first parliament subsequent to that event, he was chosen representative for East Grimstead in Sussex, and made a considerable figure in the house as a speaker. Charles II. offered him employment under the government, but he was too much set upon the gratification of his pleasures to engage seriously in any thing like business. The associate of Villiers, Rochester, Sedley, and other profligate men of fashion, he entered into much of their profligacy. Wood has preserved an anecdote sufficiently illustrative of the debauched habits of the young nobility after the Restoration. He informs us that Sackville, Sir Charles Sedley, and Sir Thomas Ogle, having, on one occasion, got themselves supremely drunk in a tavern near Covent-garden, went into a balcony, and commenced haranguing the populace, and playing a number of mountebank tricks. Not satisfied with the applause and notoriety thus obtained from the rabble, Sedley at last stripped himself naked, and in this style stood forth, and began to harangue the assembled crowd in such profane language, that even the indignation of the mob was roused, and an attack was made upon the house in which the three libertines had established themselves. For this misdemeanor they were indicted, and Sedley was fined £500. He employed Killigrew and some other friends to procure a remission of his fine, and they succeeded so far as to obtain from the merry monarch' liberty to divide it among themselves, which they did, exacting the fine from Sedley to the utmost farthing.

In 1665, on the breaking out of the first Dutch war, Sackville awoke to something like the consciousness of a manlier spirit than he had hitherto exhibited. He placed himself as a volunteer under his royal highness, and conducted himself well in the action of the 3d of June, It was on the evening preceding this engagement that he composed the well-known song,- -To all you Ladies now at Land,' Soon after, he

was made a gentleman of the bed-chamber, and sent on several unimportant embassies to France.

Upon the death of his uncle Cranfield, earl of Middlesex, in 1674, the estates devolved upon him, and two years afterwards he succeeded by creation to the title. He also succeeded to his father in 1677. In 1684 he was constituted lord-lieutenant of Sussex. He early engaged for the prince of Orange, and accompanied the Princess Anne on her flight from her fathers court. On the succession of the prince and princess of Orange to the throne, Dorset was sworn of the privy-council, and made lord-chamberlain of the household. He had the honour of being four times appointed regent of the kingdom during his majesty's absence. In 1698 he retired somewhat from public life; he spent the remainder of his years in comparative obscurity. He died at Bath in January 1705-6. Horace Walpole has passed this high eulogium upon Dorset, that "he had as much wit as his first master Charles II., or his contemporaries, Buckingham and Rochester, without the king's want of feeling, the duke's want of principle, or the earl's want of thought." Prior, Dryden, Congreve, Addison, and Pope, write in the praises of this nobleman. Pope's lines commencing

"Dorset, the grace of courts, the muse's pride,

are well-known, and sufficiently complimentary.

Sir Cloudesley Shovell.

BORN A. D. 1650.-DIED A. D. 1707.

THIS brave man was descended from parents so extremely poor, that they were incapable of making any better provision for him in life than that of binding him to a shoemaker. His genius, ill-brooking such an occupation, and displaying itself even in the most early periods of his life, he was recommended by Sir Christopher Mings, who had casually noticed his conduct, to Sir John Narborough, who received him, and appointed him one of his cabin boys, when no more than nine years old. It is related of him that, while yet a boy, he undertook to swim through the line of the enemy's fire, in one of the piratical ports on the coast of Barbary, and convey some despatches to a distant ship, which it would have been extremely inconvenient for the commanderin-chief to have transmitted by any other less concealed means. These and some other actions impressed so high an opinion of him on the mind of his patron, that almost ere he had reached manhood, he was intrusted by Sir John with missions of great importance and delicacy. He was sent more than once to the dey of Tripoli to make remonstrances against the piratical conduct of his corsairs: his arguments proved insufficient to bend the haughty mind of the barbarian, but the observations made by him, when attempting to perform the objects of his mission, were such as enabled him to form a plan for the demolition of the enemy's squadron, notwithstanding it lay at anchor under the very guns of the town. Having communicated his project to the admiral, Sir John, without hesitation, appointed the young hero to superintend and conduct the execution of his own plan. The most complete suc