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Eaftern Pyrenees; 9 miles SW. of Ceret, and 16: ness, the eldest being at leaft 22 or 23. What SSE, of Prades.

books they printed it is not easy to determine ; 8. LAURENT, ST, De CHAMOUSSET, in the they having neither added to their bocks their dep. of Rhone and Loire, 15 miles W. of Lyons. names, the place, nor the date. Their first efsays

9. LAURENT, ST, de Gorrs, in the dep. of were new editions of Donatus and the Speculwn. Upper Vienne ; 13 miles WSW. of Limoges. They afterwards reprinted the latter, with a La

10. LAURENT, ST, de Minier, or LE MINIER, tin translation, in which they used their grandfa. in the dep. of Gard ; 6 miles SE. of Vigan. ther's wooden pi&tures ; and printed the book

11. LAURENT, Sr, de MOTTAY, in the de. partly cn wooden blocks, partly on wooden feparete partment of Maine and Loire; 9 miles SE. of Old types, according to Mr Meerman, who has given St Florent.

an exact engraving of each fort, taken from differ12. LAURENT, ST, DE MURES, in the dep. of ent parts of the same book, which was published Isere ; 9 miles SE, of 'Lyons.

between the years 1442 and 1450. Nor did they 13. LAURENT, ST, De Pont, in the dep. of stop here : they continued to print several editions Jsere ; 12 miles N. of Grenoble, and 15 SSW. of of the Speculum, both in Latin and in Dutch; and Chambery.

many other works, particularly Historia Alexas. 14. LAURENT, ST, De Rividol, in the dep. of dri Magni : Flavii VEDAT! [for Vegetii] Renati the Aveiron; 9 miles N. of Severac.

Epitome de Re Militari ; and

Opera varia a Thomas 15. LAURENT, ST, DE SALANQUe, in the dep. a Kempis. Of each of them Mr Meerman has given of Eastern Pyrenees; 7 miles NE. of Perpignan. · an engraved specimen. They were all printed

16. L'AURENT, ST, SUR OTHain, in ihe dep. with separate wooden types; and, by their great of the Meufe ; 12 miles N. of ERain.

neatnels, are a proof that the descendants of Lau. LAURENTALES, ? or LARENTALIA, called rentius were industrious in improving his invention.

LAURENTALIA, ß also Larentinalia, and La- Kempis was printed at Harlem in 1472, and was rentales, feasts celebrated among the Romans on the last known work of Laurentius's descendants, the tenth of the kalends of January, or 23d of who foon after disposed of all their materials, and December, in memory of Acca Laurentia, wife probably quitted their employment; as the use of of the shepherd Bauftulus, and nurse of Romulus fuple types was about that time universally diffufed and Remus. ' ACCA LAURENTIA, from whom the through Holland, by the settling of Martens at solemnity took its 'name, iş représented as no less Aloft, where he pursued the art with reputation remarkable for the beauty of her person, than her for upwards of 60 years, See PRINTING. lacivioufness; on 'account of which she was nick. LAURENTOVA, a bay or gulf of the Frozen named by her neighbours lupa, the fhe-wolf ; sea, on the W.coast of Nova Zembla. which has given rise to the tradition of Romulus LAURENTUM, or LAURENS CASTRA, in an-, and Remus being fuckled by a wolf, She after. cient geography, a town of Latium, supposed ta wards married a very rich man, who brought her be the royal residence of those most ancient kings, great wealth, which, at her death, she left to the Latinus, Picus, and Faunus. (Virgil.) Hither Roman people; in confideration : whereof they' the emperor Commodus retired during a pestiperformed these honours to her memory, though lence. Its name was from an adjoining grove of Others represent the feast as held in honour of Ju. bay trees, midway between Oftia and Antium ; piter Latiaris. See LARENTINALIA and LARES.' supposed to have stood in the place now called

LAURENTIA. See Acca, and last article. San Lorenzo; which seems to be confirmed from

LAURENTINI, a name anciently given to the the Vin Laurentina leading to Rome. inhabitants of LATIUM, from the great number LAURI, a town of Naples, in the province of of laurels which grew in that country.

Terra di Lavora, 2 miles SW. of Sezza. LAURENTIUS, Koster, one of the first print. LAURIA, a town of Naples, in the Basilicata; ers, and, according to some, the inventor of the art, 17.

miles E. of Policastro, and go SE. of Naples. was born at Haerlem about 1370, and held seve- LAURIERE, a town of France, in the dep. of ral offices in the magiftracy of that city. That Upper Vienne: 18 m. E. of Bellac, and 18 NNE, he was the inventor of printing, is asserted in the of Limoges.. narrative of Junius. His first work was an Hora, LAURINGEN, a town of Eranconia in Wurz. rium, containing the letters of the alphabet, the burg: 24 miles NW. of Bamberg, and 30 NE. of Lord's prayer, the apostles creed, and two or Wurzburg. three short prayers ; the next was the Speculum LAURINO, a town of Naples, in the PrinciJalutis, in which he introduced pi&tures on wood. pato Citra ; 9 miles WNW. of Policaftro. en blocks ; then Donatus, the larger size; and af. LAURIOŃ, in ancient geography, a town of terwards the same work in a lesa fize. All thefe Attica, famous for its gold mines. Tbucyd. 2 Stra. were printed on separate moveable wooden types. bo, 9. Paufunias, lib. 1. C. !. faftened together by threads. It has been very er. LAURÍSTAN, a town of Perfia, in Irak. roneously supposed, that he quitted the profession, (1.) LAURO, Philip, a celebrated painter, born and died broken-hearted; but it is certain, that at Rome in 1623. He learned the first rudiments he did not live to see the art brought to perfece of the art from his father, Balthasar, who was hima tion. He died in 1440, aged. 70; and was suc- self a good painter. He afterwards ftudied under ceeded either by his fon-in-law Thomas Peter, Angelo Carosello, his brother-in-law; and proved who married his only daughter Lucia ; or by their so great a proficient, that in a fhort time be far immediate descendants, Peter, Andrew, and Tho- surpassed his tutor in design, colouring, and ele-, mas, who were old enough (even if their father was gance of taste. He applied himself to paipting dead, as it is likely he was) to conduct the busi- historical subjects io a Inall size, enriching the

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fometimes prescribed with this intention against flatulent colics, and in hysterical disorders. Their principal use in the prefent practice is in glysters, and fome external applications.

9. LAURUS PERSEA, the avocado pear tree, or alligator pear, rises to a confiderable height, with a ftraight trunk, of which the bark and wood are of a greyish colour. The leaves are long, oval, pointed, of a substance like leather, and of a beau tiful green colour. The flowers are produced in large knots or clusters at the extremities of the branches, and confift each of fix petals difpofed in the form of a ftar, and of a dirty white or yellow colour, with an agreeable odour, which diffufes itself to a confiderable diftance. It is a native of the Weft Indies. It begins to bear two years and a half, or at moft three years, after being planted; and, like most of the trees in irm climates, bears twice a-year. This fpecies, with the CAMPHOR, (N° 4.), CINNAMON (N° 6.), and INDIAN BAY trees (N° 7.), require the treatment common to green-houfe plants. The PERSEA is cultivated univerfally in the Weft Indies by all ranks of peo, ple. The fruit is pear-shaped, and from one to two pounds in weight. On removing a green skin or covering, a yellow butyraceous fubftance appears; and in the heart a large round feed or ftone, which is unequal in the furface, and exceedingly hard and woody. This fruit is ripe in Auguft and September, and conftitutes one of the molt agreeable articles of diet for 6 or 8 weeks to the negroes. Thefe pears, with a little falt and a plantain or two, afford a hearty meal. They are alfo ferved up at the tables of white people as choice fruit. When the pear is ripe, the yellow or eatable substance is firmer than butter, and taftes fomewhat like butter or marrow: hence it is called by fome the vegetable marrow. But how ever excellent this fruit is when ripe, it is very dangerous when pulled and eaten before maturity. Dr Wright fays, he has repeatedly known it to produce fever and dyfentery, which were removed with difficulty.-The leaves of this tree and thofe of the bead vine or wild liquorice are made into pectoral decoctions by the common people. The large ftone is used for marking linen. The cloth is tied or held over the ftone, and the letters are pricked out by a needle through the cloth and into the feed. The ftain is a reddish brown, which never washes out. The buds are faid to be used with fuccefs in ptifans againft the venereal difeafe. An infufion of them in water, drank in the morning fafting, is ftrongly recommended for diflodging coagulated blood in the ftomach, produced by a fall or a fevere ftroke on that impor tant entrail, "The wild boars in the Eaft Indies (fays Labat) eat greedily of the mammees and avocado pears, which give their flesh a luscious and moft agreeable favour."

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It is

bark, according to the different trials I have made,
is taken from the small branches, of about an inch
diameter, the larger limbs not being fo eafily de-
corticated, and not yielding fo good or fo ftrong
a cinnamon. The fmaller twigs, or thofe that
have not acquired a cineritious bark, are too full
of fap and mucilage, and have little aroma.
the liber, or inner bark, that conftitutes the cin-
namon; from which the two external barks muft
be carefully and entirely separated, or they vitiate
the flavour of the cinnamon; to do which with
dexterity, and to raise the bark from the wood,
requires fome practice. The bark being fepara-
ted, the smaller pieces are to be placed with-
in the larger; which, by exposure to the fun
or the air, presently coil up, and require no fur
ther preparation. A dry season is the proper one
for taking the bark; as it is found to be weaken-
ed after long or heavy rains. Cinnamon, though
more retentive of its virtues than any of the other
fpices, yet requires to be protected, when taken,
from the air and moisture, by close packing in ce-
dar chefts. The leaves of this tree, whether re-
cent or dried, are fo ftrongly impregnated with
an aroma, as to afford a good fuccedaneum for
the bark both in cookery and medicine. Diftilled,
they give an excellent fimple and spirituous water,
and an effential oil. Powdered, they are a good
aromatic spice, or marefchal perfume."

7. LAURUS INDICA, the Indian bay tree, rifes with an upright straight trunk, branching regularly 20 or 30 feet high; adorned with very large, fpear fhaped, plane, nervous, evergreen leaves, on reddifh foot talks; and bunches of small whitish green flowers, fucceeded by large oval black berries, which do not ripen in this country. See N° 9.

8. LAURUS NOBILIS, the evergreen bay tree, is a native of Italy, and hath an upright trunk, branching on every fide from the bottom upward; with fpear-shaped, nervous, ftiff, evergreen leaves, three inches long, and two broad; and small, yellowish, quadrifid, diœcious flowers, fucceeded by red berries in autumn and winter. Of this fpecies there are varieties, with broad, narrow, ftriped, or waved leaves, They are propagated by layers, or by the berries. Evelyn fays, he has feen bay trees near 30 feet high, and almost two feet in diameter; and enumerates the bay amongst useful trees. Hanbury tells us, in general terms, that "it will grow to 30 feet in height, with a trunk of two feet in diameter;" and accordingly he arranges it amongft his foreft trees: he acknowledges, however, at the fame time, that the wood is of little value. The bay is nevertheless a fine aromatic, and a beautiful ever-green, It is faid to be the true laurus of the ancients, with which they adorned the brows of their fuccessful generals. Like the holly, box, and laurel, the bay will bear the shade and drip of taller trees; and it is upon the whole a very desirable ever-green, being extremely ornamental. The leaves and berries have a moderately strong aromatic smell, and a warm, bitterish, pungent tafte; the berries are ftronger in both refpects than the leaves, and afford in diftillation a larger quantity of effential aromatic oil; they yield alfo an almost infipid oil to the prefs, in confequence of which they prove unctuous in the mouth. They are warm carminatives, and

10. LAURUS SASSAFRAS is a native of N. America. It hath a shrub-like straight stem, garnished with both oval and three-lobed, fhining, deciduous leaves, of different fizes, from 3 to 6 inches long, and near as broad, with fmall yellowish flowers, fucceeded by blackish berries; but not in this country. This fpecies, as well as the ÆSTIVALIS (N° 1.), and BENZOIN (N° 2.), may be propagated by 4 different methods; 1. By the feeds. $ss $2

2. By

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