can perform; and his fefh is esteemed the greateft delicacy. The bear is dispatched with a fufil, fometimes laid as a fnare, ready cocked and primed; but more frequently by the hunter, who runs the moft imminent risk of his life fhould he mifs his aim. The death of a bear is celebrated by the Laplanders as a fignal victory. The carcafe is drawn to the cabin or but of the victor by a rein-deer, which is kept facred from any other work for a whole year, after this fervice. The bear is furrounded by a great number of men, women, and children, reciting a fong of triumph; then they exprefs their acknowledgment to God, that he has created beafts for the ule of men, and ehdued mankind with ftrength and courage to overcome and attack the fierceft of them. The hero is faluted by the women, who fpit chewed elder bark in his face. He is feafted three days fucceffively, and his cap is decorated with an additional figure wrought in tin-wire. (10.) LAPLAND, MINERALS OF. Some filver, and lead mines have been difcovered in the provinces of Pitha and Lula; and two of copper, with excellent veins of iron, in the diftrict of Torno. In fome places there are veins of filver and gold mixed; but thefe mines are worked only for a few months in fummer, as the fro hinders the engines from going in winter. Beautiful cryftals, of a furprifing magnitude, fo hard and fine, that when polished they refemble diamonds, are found; and in fome places amethysts and topazes. Great quantities of very curious ftones, too hard to be, worked by the tool of the mafon, are found on the banks of rivers and lakes; and when they happen to bear the least resemblance to the figures of animals, the Laplanders remove them to more confpicuous places, and adore them as deities. The province of Torno affords fome curious ftones of an octagonal shape, regular, fhining, and polished by the hand of nature. In fome rivers they fish for pearls, which are generally pale; but fome of them are as bright as the oriental pearls, and much Larger and rounder. Thefe pearls are found in mufcle-fhells. (11.) LAPLAND, QUADRUPEDS, BIRDS, AND INSECTS OF. Lapland, as well as Norway, is infetted with a great number of grey wolves and bears, with whom the inhabitants wage perpetual war. The most honourable exploit among the Laplanders is to kill a bear; and the heroes adorn their caps with a small plate of lead or pewter for every bear they have flain. The country abounds alfo with eiks, beavers, and otters, which live here emolested, and find plenty of fish for their fubLiteace. The forefts furnish haunts to a great Tumber of beautiful martens and fquirrels, as well s to the zibeling or fable, whofe fkin is extremely valuable; together with ermines, weafels, hares, &c. Large black cats attend the Laplanders in Lunting, and little curs are alfo trained to the 24me. But the most remarkable animal of Lapland to the rein-deer. See CERVUS, I. N° 12. Thefe animals, so useful in various refpects to the natives, are kept at no expenfe. In fummer they feed upon graffes and alpine plants; in winter, upon the lichen rangiferus, or rein-deer lichen, and its varieties, which are so abundant as in many parts aimoft totally to cover the ground for feveral miles, and which the fagacious animal discovers under the fnow by the peculiar acuteness of its fmell. Moft of those used for draught are caf trated when very young, and are larger and fatter than the bucks. The woods, mountains, and rivers are well stocked with wild fowls, fuch as buftards, partridges, growfe, heathcocks, pheasants, lapwings, fwans, wild geefe, wild ducks, and all forts of aquatic birds that breed in northern climates. In the beginning of spring, the fwans go thither in numerous flights from the German ocean; the lap-wings follow in fuch fwarms that they darken the fky, and feream fo loud, that they may be heard at a great diftance. The rocks and mountains are likewife frequented by eagles, hawks, falcons,, kites, and other birds of prey. The rivers abound with delicious falmon from the gulph of Bothnia, trouts, breams, and perches of exquifite flavour and amazing magnitude; and the inhabitants of Wardhuas, or Danish Lapland, are well fupplied with fifth from the northern ocean. The flies hatched in the moraffes and woods in fummer åre fo numerous, that they often obfcure the face of day; so venomous, troublesome, and intolerable, that the rein-deer fly to the tops of the highcft mountains, and the Laplanders be take themselves to the fea-fide for fhelter. M. de Maupertuis, in his account of the voyage he made to Lapland, in company with the other French mathematicians, fent thither by the king to meafure a degree of the meridian, fays, that on the tops of the mountains in Torno, the flies were fo troublefome, that even the Finland foldiers, who are counted the most hardy troops in the fervice of Sweden, were obliged to cover their faces with the fkirts of their coats from the attacks of these animals, which fwarmed to fuch a degree, that the moment a piece of flesh appeared it was blackened all over. Some of these flies are very large, with green heads, and draw blood wherever they ftrike. The Laplanders fhroud themselves in the smoke of a large fire kindled on purpose; yet even this difagreeable expedient was not fufficient to defend the French philofophers: they were obliged, notwithstanding the exceffive heat, to wrap up their heads in garments made of the skins of rein-deer, called in that country lapmudes, and to cover themfelves with a thick rampart of fir boughs; yet all thefe precautions proved ineffectual. (12.) LAPLAND, REVENUE AND STRENGTH OF. The revenue arifing from this country is of no great confequence: it is paid partly in rix-dollars, but chiefly in furs; nay, fome who can procure neither, pay the tribute in dried pikes. The produce of the mines forms likewife a confiderable article. Fifty fquirrel-fkins, or one fox-fkin, with a pair of Lapland fhoes, are valued at one rix-dollar. Part of the taxes is allotted for the maintenance of the Lapland clergy. But the frightful aspect of this country has been deemed a more effectual defence than artificial bulwarks and garrifons, of which there are none; or than the arms and courage of the natives, who are neither warlike in themselves, nor the leaft tinctured with difcipline. (13.) LAPLAND, SOIL, AND PRODUCE OF. The foil of Lapland is generally so chilled and barren, that it produces little or no grain or fruit trees of any no books or MSS. though they knew many trad tional histories and fongs of ancient heroes and princes who once reigned over them; but in volved in great uncertainty, and mixed with the moft fabulous accounts. They have now a traní. lation of the New Teftament in their language; and many of the natives are able to read and write. LAPLEY, a fmall town of England, in Staf fordshire, SW. of Penkridge. LAPLYSIA, the SEA-HARE; a genus of marine infects belonging to the order of vermes mollufca. The body is covered with membranes reflected, It has a fhield-like membrane on the back, a lateral pore on the right fide, the anus on the extremity of the back, with 4 feelers resembling ears. I. LAPLYSIA DEPILANS MAJOR, the great fea hare, grows to the length of 8 inches. any kind. This fterility, however, is not fo much owing to the foil, which is in many places of a rich mould, as to want of induftry; for in fome diftricts the Swedes have tilled and manured pieces of ground that bear plentiful crops of rye. There is alfo great plenty of berries; fuch as black currants, the Norwegian mulberry, growing upon a creeping plant, and much efteemed as an antifcorbutic; rafp-berries, cran-berries, juniper-berries, and bilberries. The tops of the mountains are fo much exposed to intenfe cold, and tempefts of fnow and hail, that no tree will grow near the fummit; but in parts more fheltered, fine woods of birch, pine, and fir, grow naturally as if they had been planted by art in rows at regular diftances, without any undergrowth. Some parts of Lapland produce the fervice-tree, the willow, the poplar, the elder, and the cornel. But the chief plant is the angelica; which is greatly esteemed by the natives, who use it in their food. The ACETOSA, or forrel, also grows in great plenty, with many other plants peculiar to the country, befides various kinds of grafs, heath, fern, and mofs, enumerated by Linnæus in his Flora Laponica. But the vegetable which is the most abundant, and of most extenfive use, is the lichen rangiferus. The Laplanders boil it in broth as a cordial and reftorative. They likewife ufe one fpecies of it as a foft and wholesome bed for their new-born children. See LICHEN. (14) LAPLAND, TRADE OF. The commerce of the Laplanders is more confiderable than one would expect, in a defert country inhabited by a favage ignorant people. They export great quantities of fish to the northern parts of Bothnia and White Ruffia. They likewife trade with the neighbouring countries of Norway, Sweden, Mufcovy, and Finland, by felling rein-deer, fine furs, bafkets, and toys of their own manufacture, dried pikes, and cheese made of the, rein-deer's milk. In return for these commodities, they receive rixdollars, woollen cloths, linen, copper, tin, flour, oil, hides, needles, knives, fpirituous liquors, to bacco, and other neceffaries. The Laplanders march in caravans to the fairs in Finland and Norway; thefe are compofed of a long ftring of 30 or 40 rein-deer and pulkhas tied to one another, the foremost being led by a Laplander a-foot. When they have chosen a spot for an encampment, they form a large circle of their rein-deer and pulkhas ready yoked; and the animals lying down quietly on the fnow, are fed with mofs by their mafters. The people kindle great fires, around which, men, women, and children fit, and fup on dried fish; but the more voluptuous fpread out bear-skins under their tents, where they lie at their cafe, and smoke tobacco. LAPLANDERS, the natives of Lapland. See LAPLAND, 5. They call themselves Salme-Same, and Samen-Almatjch. Their country they deno minate SAME LANDA, or Same-aednam; the Swedes ftyle it Lapland or LAPPMARKEN, and the inhabitants LAPPAR. The natives of thofe diftricts under the dominion of Sweden and Denmark, are Lutherans; while many of thofe who are fubject to Ruffia are ftill Pagans. The Laplanders, before their converfion to Chriftianity, which was not till lately introduced amongst them, poffeffed 2. LAPLYSIA DEPILANS MINOR, grows to inches long, and to more than an inch in diame ter; its body approaches to an oval figure, and is foft, punctuated, of a kind of gelatinous fubstance, and of a pale lead colour; from the larger extremity there arife four oblong and thick protuberances; these are the tentacula; two of them ftand nearly erect, two are thrown backward. See plate CXCVIII. It is common about our fhores, efpecially off Anglefea. It caufes, by its poisonous juice, the hair to fall off the hands of thofe that touch it; and is fo extremely fetid as to occafion fickness. (1.) LAPMARK, LAPPMARK, or LAPPMAR KEN, the name given by the Swedes to LAPLAND. (2.) LAPMARK, n. f. is also used as an appellative for a province of Lapland. The Rev. Cle ment Cruttwell fays, " Lapland is divided into 1 provinces or lapmarks, which derive their names from the places of note in Nordland, in whofe neighbourhood they lie, viz. Jamtland, Ajelt, Umca, Pitea, Lulea, Tornea, and Kiemi.' LAPPAR. See LAPLANDERS. * LAPPER. n. f. [from lap.] 1. One who wraps up.-They may be lappers of linen, and bailiffs of the manor. Swift. 2. One who laps or licks. * LAPPET. n. s. [diminutive of lap.] The parts of a head-drefs that hang loofe.-How naturally do you apply your hands to each other's lappets, and ruffles, and mantuas? Swift. LAPPINEN, a town of Pruffian Lithuania, 14 miles W. of Tilfit. LAPPOJOCK, a river of E. Bothnia, which runs into the fea, about 5 miles below Ny-Karleby. LAPPS, the natives of Lapland. See LAP LAND, §5; and LAPLANDERS. LAPRA, a village of Maritime Auftria, in the province of the Quarnaro, and ifle of Arbe. LAPSANA, NIPPLEWORT, a genus of the po lygamia æqualis order, belonging to the fyngene fia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 49th order, Compofite. The receptacle is naked; the calyx calyculated, with all the inferior fcales canaliculated, or finely chan nelled. There are 4 fpecies, which grow com monly by the fides of ditches. The young leaves of the common kind, called dock-creffes, have the tafte of radishes, and are eaten raw at Conftanti a nople as a salad. In some parts of England the though after the fix months are lapred, yet the people boil them as greens, but they have a bitter presentation is good, and the bishop is bound ta and disagreeable taste. institute the patron's clerk. If the bishop suffer (1.) * LAPSE. n. f. [lapsus, Lat.) 1. Flow ; fall; the presentation to lapfe to the metropolitan, the glide; smooth coarse. patron also has the same advantage if be present Round I saw before the archbishop has filled up the benefice : Hill, dale, and shady woods, and sunny plains, yet the ordinary cannot, after lapfe to the metro And liquid lapse of murm'ring freams. Milton. politan, collate' his own clerk to the prejudice of - Notions of the mind are preserved in the me- the archbishop. But if the presentation lapses ts mory, notwithstanding lapse of time. Hak. 2. the king, the patron shall never recover his right, Petty error; small mistake; Night offence; little till the king has satisfied bis turn by presentation; fault.These are petty errors and minor lapses, for nullum tempus occurrit regi. not considerably injurious unto truth. Brown.- * TO, LAPSE. v. n. (from the noun.] 1. To glide The weakness of human understanding all will nowly; to fall by degrees. This disposition to confess; yet the confidence of most practically shorten our words, by retrenching the vowels, is disowns it; and it is eafier to pursuade them of it nothing else but a tendency to lapse into the barfrom other's lapfes than their own. Glanville barity of those northern nations, from whom we The scripture may be usefully applied as a cau- are descended, and whose languages labour all tion to guard against those lapses and failings, to under the fame defect. Swift. 2. To fail in any which our infirmities daily expose us. Rogers. thing; to flip; to commit a fault. It hath been my constant business to examine I have ever verified my friends, whether I could find the smallest lapse in style or Of whom he's chief, with all the size that verity propriety through my whole collection, that I Would without lapsing suffer. Shah. might send it abroad as the most finished piece. To lapse in fulnefs Swift. 3. Translation of right from one to another. Is forer than to lie for need ; and falíhood In a presentation to a vacant church, a layman Is worse in kings than beggars. Shak. ought to present within four months, and a 3. To slip as by inadvertency or mistake.-Hoclergyman within fix, otherwise a devolution, or mer, in his characters of Vulcan and Therfites, lapse of right, happens. Ayliffe. has lapsed into the burlesque character, and de(2.) LAPSE, in ecclefiaftical law, ( 1, def. 3.) parted from that serious air essential to an epic an omiffion of a patron to present a clerk to a be- poem. Addifon. --Let there be no wilful perverDefice within fix months of its being void ; in fion of another's meaning; no sudden seizure of which case, the benefice is faid to be in lapse, or a lapsed syllable to play upon it. Watts. To loco lapsed, and the right of presentation devolved to the proper time.the ordinary. If the ordinary neglect to present Myself stood out: during the same time, the right of presentation For which if I be lapsed in this place, accrues to the metropolitan, and to the king by I shall pay dear. Shak. neglect of the metropolitan. This right of lapse As an appeal may be deserted by the appelwas first established in the reign of Henry II. when lant's laphing the term of law, so it may also be dethe bishops first began to exercise universally the serted by a lapse of the term of a judge. Ayliffe. 5o right of inftitution to churches: and therefore, To fall by the negligence of one proprietor to an. when there is no right of inftitution, there is no other. If the archbishop shall not fill it up withright of lapse; so that no donative can lapse to in fix months ensuing, it lapses to the king. Aylife. the ordinary, unless it hath been augmented by 6. To fall from perfection, truth, or faith. the king's bounty; but no right of lapse can ac Once more I will renew crue, when the original presentation is in the crown. His lapsed pow'rs, though forfeit and inthrall’d In case the benefice becomes void by death or cel. By fin to foul exorbitant defires. Milton. fion through plurality of benefices, the patron is-A'fprout of that fig tree which was to hide the bound to take potice pf the vacancy at his own nakedness of lapsed Adam. Decay of Piety. All peril: but in case of a vacancy by resignation or public forms suppose it the most principal, unicanonical deprivation, or if a clerk presented be versal, and daily requisite to the lapping fate of refused for insufficiency, these being matters of human corruption. Decay of Piety. These were which the bishop alone is presumed to be cogni. looked on as lapsed persons, and great severities zant, here the law requires him to give notice of penance were prescribed them as appears by thereof to the patron, otherwise" he can take no the canons of Ancyra. Stilling feet. advantage by way of lapse; neither shall any lapse LAPTAW, a town of Pruslia, in the province accrue thereby to the metropolitan or the king. of Smaland, 10 miles N. of Konigsberg. If the bishop refuse or neglect to examine and ad- LAPTCHOUT, or LAPTCHOUT HỌTUN, a mit the patron's clerk without good reason assign- town of Asia, in Hami, 30 miles W. of Hami. ed, or notice given, be shall have no title to pre- (1.) LAPUSZNA, a river of European Turkey, sent by lapse: and if the right of presentation be lic which runs into the Pruth, near Huf. tigious or contested, and an action be brought a- (2.) LAPUSZNA, a town of Turkey, in Moldagainst the bishop to try the title, no lapfe shall oc- via, near the above river; so miles ÉSE. of Jaffi. cur till the question of right be decided. If the (5.) * LAPWING. n. S. llap and wing.) A cla. bishop be both patron and ordinary, he shall not morous bird with long wings.have a double time allowed him to collate in: and Ah! but I think him better than I say, if the bishop doth not collate his own clerk im- And yet would herein others eyes were worfe: i mediately to the living, and the patron presents, Far from her neft the lapwing cries away. VOL. XII. PART II. Mmm in My heart prays for him, though my tongue do LARAGNE, a town of France, in the dep. of curfe. Shak. the Upper Alps ; 9 miles SSE. of Serres, and 9 And how in fields the lapwing Tereus reigns; NNW. of Sisteron. The warbling nightingale in woods complains. LARANDA. See Lara, N° 1. Dryden. LARARIUM was a chapel which the Romans (2.) LAPWING, in ornithology. Seé CHACA- frequently had in their houses for the household DRIUS, N° 10; and TringA, N° 6. gods, called LARES. Spartian says, that Alexan* LAPWORK. n. f. [lap and work.] Work in der the son of Mammea' kept in kis fararium the which one part is interchangeably wrapped over figure of our Saviour, together with his other idols. the other.- A basket made of porcupine quills: the (1.) LARBERT, a parifh of Scotland, in Stirlingground is a packthread caul woven, into which, fhire, united with that of Dunipace, with a by the Indian women, are wrought, by a kind of church in each. The extent of both is about' 8 lap-work, the quills of porcupines, not split, but miles in length from E. to. W. and two in breith of the young ones entire; mixed with white and from N. to S. The surface is level; the fait partblack in even and indented waves. Grew's Musa- ly light and dry, partly clay; oats and Har are the chief produce: They both abound with toals and LAQUE, or LAKE. See LAKE, No 3, 'free-stone. The population of LARBERT kas in LAQUEARIUS, a kind of athleta among the creased greatly; that oF DUNIPACE has diminished, ancients, who in one hand held a LAQUEUS, i.e. though it has a printfield and cotton manufacters. a sort of fnare, wherewith to embarrass and entan- The number of fouls in both, in 1791,-was-about gle his antagonist, and in the other a poignard to 4000; the increase, fince 175$, -was-2736. The ftab him. number of handicraftsmen in Larbert was-abost (1.) LAQUEUS, in surgery; a ligature so contri. "1500; in Dunipace only 80. The raftineréafe in ved, that, when stretched by any weight, it draws the former is owing to the establishment of the up close. Its use is to extend broken or disjointed iron works at Carron. See CARRON, $:36 A great bones, to keep them in their places while they are tryft for cattle is held thrice a-year, in a moir befet, and to bind the parts close together. longing to Sir Michael Bruće. Between 20 and (2.) LAQUEUS. See LA'QUEARTUS. 30,000 cattle are annually collected at the trust in LAQUIA, a large river of Asia, one of the four O&tober. There are 3 Daniff camps, and the great which rise out of Lake Chaamay, and water the Roman causeway, from Carmuirs to Stirling, is countries of Siam, Pegu, &c.' still entire in many places in both parifhes to DoLAQUILO, an island in the Mediterranean, nipace parish is the famous Torwood, in the near the coast of Murcia, about 3 miles SE. of Al middle of which are the remains of WALLACE'S macaren. "Tree, an oak which, when entire, measured in feet (1.) LAR, a river of Afia, in Cachemire, which in diameter, and in the heart of which, then hol. runs into the Behat; 10 m. NW. of Cachemire. low, that great patriot hid himself, after his defeat. (2.) Lar, or Laar, à town of Persia, the capi- ! (2.) LARBERT, a village in the above parton, - tal of the province of Laristan, seated among moun- about 7 miles SE. of Stirling; with a church, a tains in a fandy foil . It has a palace, where the good school, and two public houses. governor resides; several mosques, and a caftle on * LARBOARD. n. 3. The left hand fide of a a rock. The Dutch have a factory in it; and the tip, when you stand with your face to the head: Jews čarry on a manufacture of lilk, in a quarter opposed to the farboard. Harris allotted to them. It is 120 miles W. of Ormuz, Or when Ulyffes on the larboard fhuon'a and 159 SSE. of Schiras. Lon. 52. 45. E. Lat. 27. Charybdis, and by th other whirlpool Retrld. penon Milro. ( 3.) LAR, a town of Persia, in the province of Tack to the larboard, and stand off to fea, Fars, with a castle. It carries on a great trade in Veer starboard sea and land. Dryder. filk; and its territory abounds in oranges, lemons, LARBRICK, a town of Lancashire, near Prefand very large tamarinds. L'on. 54. 15. E. Lat. ton. 27. 30. N. 1.P1.) * LARCENY. nif. (larcin, Fr. latrocininin, (1.) LARA, or LARANDA, in fabulous historý, Lat.) Petty theft.+Those laws would be very unone of the Naiades, daughter of the river Almon just, that should chastise murder and petty larceny in Latium, famed for her beauty and loquacity. with the same pumishment. Spretator She revealed to Juno the amours of Jupiter with (2.) LARCENY, by contraction for latroring, is Juturna, for which he cut out her tongtie, and or- distinguished by the law into tivo forts: the one dered Mercury to conduct her to Tartarus. But called fimple larceny, or plain theft, unáceompanied Mercury falling in love with her by the way, the with any other atrocious circumstance; and mixed became the mother of twins; who were afterwards or compound larceny, which also includes in it-the worthipped by the Romans, under the name of aggravation of a taking from one's house or perLARES. Ovid. Faft. ii. 599. fon. (2.) LARA, in geography, a town in Spain, in I. LAROFNY, or SIMPLE LARCEXY, when it is Old Caftile, on the Arlanza; 13 miles SSE. of Bur. the stealing of goods above the value of rad. is gos. called grand larceny; when of goods to that valve, (1.) LARACHA, a river of Africa, in Fez. or under, is petit larceny: offences, which are cor (2.) LARACHA, an ancient and strong town of fiderably distinguished in their punishment, but Fez, at the mouth of the above river, with a good not otherwise. See THEFT. harbour, formerly in the poffeßion of the Spaniards. 11. LARCENY MIXED, OF COMPOUND LARCENT, Lon. 5.59, W. Lat. 35. 40. N: is such as has all the properties of the former (fee TP FT); 30. N. . EFT); but is accompanied with either one or h of the aggravations of taking from one's houfe perfon. First therefore of larceny from the houfe, I then of larceny from the perfon. . LARCENY FROM THE HOUSE, though it ght feem to have a higher degree of guilt than ple larceny, yet is not at all diftinguished from other at common law: unlefs where it is acnpanied with the circumftance of breaking the ife by night; and then it falls under another deption, viz. that of burglary. (See BURGLARY.) t now by feveral acts of parliament (the hiftory which is very ingeniously deduced by Barr, a rned modern writer, who hath shown them to e gradually arifen from our improvements in de and opulence), the benefit of clergy is taken m larcenies committed in an houfe in almost ry inftance: except that larceny of the stock or nils of the plate glass company from any of ir houfes, &c. is made only fingle felony, and le to tranfportation for feven years. The mullicity of the general acts is apt to create fome fusion; but upon comparing them diligently, may collect, that the benefit of clergy, is de1 upon the following domeftic aggravations of eny; viz. firft, in larcenies above the value of lepence, committed, 1. In a church or cha, with or without violence, or breaking the e: 2. In a booth or tent in a market or fair, the day-time or in the night, by violence or aking the fame, the owner or fome of his fay being therein: 3. By robbing a dwellingfe in the day-time (which robbing implies a aking), any perfon being therein: 4. In a dwellhoufe by day or by night, without breaking fame, any perfon being therein and put in fear; Ich amounts in law to a robbery: and in both fe laft cafes the acceffory before the fact is alfo luded from his clergy. 2dly, In larcenies to the e of five fhillings, committed, 1. By breaking dwelling-houfe, or any out-houfe, fhop, or ehouse thereunto belonging, in the day-time, ough no perfon be therein; which also now ends to aiders, abettors, and acceffories before fact: 2. By privately stealing goods, wares, nerchandise in any hop, warehouse, coachfe, or ftable, by day or by night; though the e be not broken open, and though no perfon therein; which likewife extends to fuch as t, hire, or command the offence to be commit Laftly, in larcenies to the value of forty ings in a dwelling-houfe, or its out-houses, ough the fame be not broken, and whether any on be therein or not; unless committed against mafters by apprentices under the age of 15. sallo extends to thofe who aid or affift in the miffion of any fuch offence. LARCENY FROM THE PERSON, is either by ately ftealing, or by open and violent affault, ch is ufually called ROBBERY. The offence rivately ftealing from a man's perfon, as by ing his pocket or the like, privily, without knowledge, was debarred of the benefit of ty fo early as by the ftatute 8 Eliz. c. 4. But it must be fuch a larceny as ftands in need of benefit of clergy, viz. of above the value of ; elle the offender fhall not have judgment eath. For the statute creates no new offence; but only takes away the benefit of clergy, which was a matter of grace, and leaves the thief to the regular judgment of the ancient law. This feverity (for a moft severe law it certainly is) seems to be owing to the eafe with which fuch offences are committed, the difficulty of guarding against them, and the boldness with which they were practifed (even in the queen's court and prefence) at the time when this ftatute was made: befides that this is an infringement of property in the manual Occupation or corporal poffeffion of the owner, which was an offence even in a state of nature. And therefore the SACCULARII, or cutpuries, were more feverely punished than common thieves by the Roman and Athenian laws. As to open and violent larceny from the perfon, fee ROBBERY. (1.) * LARCH. n. f. [larix, Lat.] A tree. -Some botanical critics tell us, the poets have not rightly followed the traditions of antiquity, in metamorphofing the fifters of Phaeton into poplars, who ought to have been turned into larch trees; for that it is this kind of tree which sheds a gum, and is commonly found on the banks of the Po. Addifon. (2.) LARCH TREE. See PINUS, N° 5. (1.) * LARD. n. f. [lardum, Latih; lard, Fr.] 1. The grease of swine. 2. So may thy paftures with their flow'ry feafts, As fuddenly as lard, fat thy lean beafts. Dunne. Bacon; the flesh of swine. By this the boiling kettle had prepared, T' involve the lean in cauls, and mend with $3. *To LARD. v. a. [larder, French; from the noun.] 1. To ftuff with bacon. The larded thighs on loaded altars laid. Dryd. Now Falftaff fweats to death, Brave foldier, doth he lie Shakefp. Shak. 3. To mix with fomething else by way of improvement. An exact command, Larded with many feveral forts of reafons. Shak Let no alien interpofe To lard with wit thy hungry Epfom profe. Dryden. Dryden. He lards with flourishes his long harangue; 'Tis fine, fay'ft thou? Swearing by heaven; the poets think this nothing, their plays are fo much larded with it. Collier's View of the Stage. * LARDER. n. f. [lardier, old French; from lard.] The room where meat is kept or falted.Mmmm 2 This |