3. It is often ufed in compofition, as opposed to fea. The princes delighting their conceits with comfirming their knowledge, feeing wherein the fea-difcipline differed from the land fervice, they had pleafing entertainment. Sidney. He to-night hath boarded a land-carrack; If it prove lawful prize, he's made for ever. Shak -With 11,000 land-foldiers, and 26 ships of war, we within two months have won one town. Bacon. --Neceffity makes men ingenious and hardy; and if they have but land-room or fea-room, they find fupplies for their hunger. Hale.-I writ not always in the proper terms of navigation, or land-fervice. Dryden's En.-The French are to pay the fame duties at the dry ports through which they pafs by land-carriage, as we pay upon importation or exportation by fea. Addifon.-The Phoenicians carried on a land-trade to Syria and Mefopotamia, and ftopt not fhort, without pushing their trade to the Indies. Arbuthnot. The fpecies brought by land-carriage were much better than thofe which came to Egypt by fea. Arbuth. 4. Ground; furface of the place. Unusual. Beneath this steely casque he felt the blow, And roll'd, with limbs relax'd, along the land. Pope. 5. An eftate real and immoveable. To forfeit all your goods, lands, and tene ments, Caftles, and goods whatsoever. Shak. -He kept himself within the bounds of loyalty, and enjoyed certain lands and towns in the borders of Polonia. Knolles This man is freed from servile bands, Watton. Lord of himself, though not of lands, And having nothing, yet hath all. 6. Nation; people; the inhabitants of the land. Thefe anfwers in the filent night receiv'd, The king himself divulg'd, the land believ❜d. Dryden. 2. Urine. [blond, Saxon.] As,-Probably landdamn was a coarfe expreffion in the cant ftrain, formerly in common ufe, but fince laid afide and forgotten, which meant the taking away a man's life. For land or lant is an old word for urine, and to stop the common paffages and functions of nature is to kill. Hanmer. You are abufed, and by fome putter on, That will be damn'd for't; would I knew the villain, I would land-damn him. Shak. (2.) LAND, in a general fenfe, denotes terra firma, as diftinguished from fea. (3.) LAND, in a limited fenfe, denotes arable ground. See RURAL ECONOMY. (4.) LAND, DRAINING OF. See DRAIN, § 2-7. (5.) LAND, SHUT IN, in sea language, is used to fignify that another point of land hinders the fight of that from which the ship came. (6.) LAND, TAX ON. See LAND-TAX. (7.) LAND, TO LAY THE, or LAND LAID, in fea language, is juft to lofe fight of it. (8.) LAND, TO SET THE, is, to fee by the compass how it bears. (9.) LAND, WATERING OF, See WATERING. Dryden (2.) * To LAND. v. a. To come to shore.- And folemnly fee him fet on to London. Skak. -Land ye not, none of you, and provide to be gone from this coaft within fixteen days. Bacon. I land, with lucklefs omens: then adore Their gods. Dryden's Breid. LANDA, a kingdom in the isle of Borneo. LANDAFF, a town of S. Wales, in Glamor ganfhire, with a bishop's fee, on which account it has the title of a city. It is feated upon an afcent on the Taff, near Cardiff; but the cathedral stands on a low ground, and is a large ftately building, The original ftructure was built about the begin ning of the 12th century. The building now used as the cathedral includes part of the body of the ancient one; but in other respects is as modern as the last century, about the middle of which the old church was almoft rebuilt. The arch over the original western door is circular, and has a well carved epifcopal ftatue immediately over it. On the upper part of the front under which this door ftands is a whole length figure of the Virgin Mary, with a crofs on the upper apex of the building. In this front are two rows of neat pointed arches for windows; and on the N. and S. fides are two circular door cafes half funk in the earth. These ruins exhibit an aspect very dif ferent from the prefent cathedral, the new part of which the architect formed principally on the Ro man model, without confidering the incongruity of fuch a junction. Landaff is a port town, and carries on a good trade, as it has a harbour that opens into the Severn, about 4 miles diftant. The ruins of the bishop's palace fhow it to have been caftellated. It was built in 1120, and was de ftroyed by Henry IV. Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat. 51. 33. N. (1.) LANDAU, an ancient and strong town of Germany, in Lower Alface, annexed to France before the revolution, and included in the dep. of the Lower Rhine. It was formerly imperial, and in 1291 was endowed with the fame privileges as Haguenau. In 1680, it was confirmed to Lewis XIV. and ftrongly fortified by Vauban; yet in 1702, it was taken by the Auftrians. In 1903 1704, and 1713, it was alternately retaken by the French and Auftrians. In 1714, it was ceded to France by the treaty of Baden. In 1793, the Au trians and Pruffians attacked it, but without fuc cefs. It contained about 4000 citizens in 1789. It is feated on the Quiech, 9 miles S. of Neuftadt, and 270 E. of Paris. Lon. 8. 12. E. Lat. 49. 13. N (2.) LANDAU, a town of Bavaria, on the Ifer; 8 miles E. of Dingelfingen, and 32 W. of Paffau Lon. 30. 27. E. Ferro. Lat. 48. 32. N. (3.) LANDAU, a town of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine and county of Waldeck: miles N. of Waldeck, and 34 SSE. of Paderborn. Lon. 26. 27, E. Ferro. Lat. 51. 12. N. LANDAUL, a town of France, in the dep. of Morbihan; 6 miles NW. of Plumet. To LAND-DAMN. V. a. To kill. See LAND, § 1. def. 7. LANDE, a town of Norway. (1.) LANDECK, a town of Germany, in Tirol, on the Inn; 39 miles WSW. of Inspruck. (2) LANDECK, a town of Poland, in Kalish. (3.) LANDECK, a town of Pruffian Pomerelia; 64 miles SW. of Dantzick. LANDED. adj. [from land.] Having a fortune, not in money but in land; having a real eftate. A landless knight makes thee a landed squire. Shak. -Men, whose living lieth together in one thire, are commonly counted greater landed than thofe whofe livings are difperfed. Bacon.-Cromwell's officers, who were for levelling lands while they had none, when they grew landed, fell to crying up magna charta. Temple. A houfe of commons muft confift, for the most part, of landed men. Addifon. LANDEHEN, a town of France, in the dep. of the North Coafts; 2 miles S. of Lamballe. LANDELLE, a town of France, in the dep. of Calvados; 5 miles NW. of Vire, and 284 SW. of Caen. (1.) LANDEN, John, F.R.S. an eminent mathematician, born at Peakirk, near Peterborough, in Northamptonshire, in Jan. 1719. He became very early a proficient in the mathematics, for we find him a very refpectable contributor to the Ladies Diary in 1744. In the Philof. Tranf. for 1754, vol. xlviii. he gave "An investigation of fome theorems which fuggeft several very remarkable proper ties of the circle, and are at the fame time of confiderable use in refolving fractions, the denominators of which are certain multinomials, into more fimple ones, and by that means facilitate the computation of fluents." In 1755, he published a volume of about 160 pages, entitled Mathematical Lucubrations. This title was adopted, to inform the world, that the ftudy of the mathematics was rather the pursuit of his leisure hours than his principal employment; and indeed it continued to be fo the greateft part of his life; for about 1762 he was appointed agent to earl Fitzwilliam, an employment which he retained till within two years of his death. About the end of 1759, he published propofals for printing by fubfcription "The Refidual Analysis, a new branch of the Algebraic art:" and in 1758, he published a small tract in 4to, entitled, "A Difcourfe on the Refidual Analyfis," in which he refolved a variety of problems by a mode of reasoning entirely new. In the 51ft vol. of the Philof. Tranf. for 1760, he gave A new method of computing the fums of a great number of infinite feries." In 1764, he published the first book of The Refidual Analyfis, in a 4to vol. of 218 pages, with feveral copperplates. In this treatife, befides explaining the principles on which this new analyfis was founded, he applied it to drawing tangents and finding the properties of curve lines, &c. On the 16th Jan. 1766, he was elected F.R.S. In the 58th volume of the Philaf. Trans, for 1768, he gave a "Specimen of 66 a new method of comparing curvilineal areas; by means of which many areas did not appear to be comparable by any other method;" a circumftance of no fmall importance in that part of natural philofophy which relates to the doctrine of motion. In the 60th vol. for 1770, he gave "Some new theorems for computing the whole areas of curve lines, where the ordinates are expressed by fractions of a certain form," in a more concife and elegant manner than had been done by Cotes, De Moivre, and others, who had confidered the fubject before him. In the 61ft volume for 1771, he has investigated several new and useful theorems for computing certain fluents, which are affign able by arcs of the conic fections. In 1771, he alfo published, “Animadverfions on Dr Stewart's computation of the fun's distance from the earth." In the 65th vol. of the Philof. Trans. for 1775, he gave the investigation of a general theorem, for finding the length of any arc of a conic hyperbola by means of two elliptic arcs; and obferves, that by the theorems there inveftigated, both the elaftic curve, and the curve of equable recefs from a -given point, may be conftructed in those cases where Mr Maclaurin's elegant method fails. In the 64th vol. for 1777, he gave "A new theory of the motion of bodies revolving about an axis in free space, when that motion is disturbed by fome extraneous force, either percuffive or accelerative.” Finding afterwards that the subject had been previously handled by M. D'Alembert, and another mathematician, Mr Landen took up the subject again; and though he did not then give a folution to the general problem, viz. "To determine the motions of a body of any form whatever, revolving without restraint about an axis paffing through its centre of gravity," he fully removed every doubt of the kind which had been started by the perfon alluded to by M. D'Alembert, and pointed out feveral bodies, which, under certain dimensions, have that remarkable property. This paper is given, among many others equally curious, in a volume of Memoirs, which he published in 1780; with a valuable and extenfive appendix, containing "Theorems for the calculation of fluents." The tables which contain these theorems are more complete than any to be found in any other author, and are chiefly of his own investigating; being fuch as had occurred to him in the courfe of a long and close application to mathematical studies in almost every branch of thofe fciences. In 1781, 1782, and 1783, he published 3 tracts on the fummation of converging feries, in which he explained and fhowed the extent of fome theorems given for that purpose by M. de Moivre, Mr Sterling, and his old friend Thomas Simpfon, in answer to those things which he thought had been written to the difpa ragement of thofe excellent mathematicians. In 1782, he had made fuch improvements in his theory of rotatory motion, as enabled him to give a folution of the general problem specified above; but, finding the refult of it to differ very material. ly from thofe which had been given by M. D'Alembert, and M. Euler, the agreement of two writers of fuch established reputation made him long dubious of the truth of his own folution, and induced him to revife the process again and again with the utmost circumfpection. But being every Eeeea time LANDEVAN, a town of France, in the dep of Morbihan; 74 miles NW. of Auray. LANDEVILLE, a town of France, in the dep of the Vendee, 15 miles W. of Roche Sur Yon." LANDFALL. f. [land and fall.] A fudden tranflation of property in land by the death of a rich man. time more convinced that his own folution was right and theirs wrong, he at length gave it to the public in the 75th vol. of the Philof. Tranf. for 1785. He had for feveral years been feverely af flicted with the ftone, to fuch a degree as to be confined to his bed for a month at a time; yet even this dreadful diforder did not abate his ardour for mathematical ftudies; for the ad volume of LANDFLOOD. n. f. land and food.] Inunda his Memoirs was written and revised during the tion,-Apprehenfions of the affections of Kent, intervals of his diforder. This volume, befides a and all other places, looked like a land food, that folution of the general problem concerning rota- might roll they knew not how far. Clarendon. tory motion, contains the refolution of the problem LAND-FORCES. n. f. [land and force.} Way concerning the motion of a top; an investigation like powers not naval; foldiers that ferve on land. of the motion of the equinoxes, in which Mr Lan- We behold in France the greatest land-forces that den was the first who pointed out the cause of Sir have ever been known under any chriftian prince. Ifaac Newton's mistake in his folution of this cele- Temple. brated problem; and fome other papers of confiderable importance. He juft lived to fee this work finished, and received a copy of it the day before his death, which happened on the 15th of Jan. 1790, at Milton, near Peterborough, in the 71ft year of his age. - (2.) LANDEN, a town of France, in the dep. of the Dyle, and ci-devant province of Auftrian Brabant. Two bloody battles have been fought near it, a century diftant in point of chronology. The firft was fought on the 29th July 1693, between the allied forces under King William III. and the French under the duke of Luxemburg, wherein the latter were twice repulsed, and though at laft victorious, had about 15,000 men killed, and about 10,000 wounded. The French army amounted to 80,000 men, and that of the allies to little more than 40,00o. They loft 60 pieces of cannon, mortars, a great number of standards and colours, with about 7000 men killed and wounded. The fecond battle was fought on the 18th of March 1793, between the French republicans and the Auftrians; when the former were fo completely defeated, that they were compelled for a time to evacuate the whole Auftrian Netherlands. Landen is feated on the Beck, 16 miles SE. of Louvain, 17 WSW. of Leige, and 18 NE. of Namur. Lon. 5. 5. E. Lat. 52. 54. N. LANDENDORFF, a town of Auftria. LANDERNAU, a town of France, in the dep. of Finisterre, and late province of Bretagne, feated on the Elborn, 20 miles NE. of Breft. Lon. 4. 20. W. Lat. 48. 28. N. Ter LANDERON, a town of Switzerland, in Neufchatel; at the SW, end of Lake Bienne; 7 miles NE. of Neufchatel, and 9 SW, of Bienne. In the year 1707, this town refufed to acknowledge the king of Pruffia as their fovereign, probably on account of religion; for they are Roman Catholics, It was reduced to obedience by force of arms. (1.) LANDES, a ci-devant diftrict of France, in the late province of Gascony, .. (2.) LANDES, a department of France, comprehending the late territory of MARSAN, and part of the above diftrict. It is bounded on the N. by the dep. of Gironde ; E. by thofe of Lot and Ga ronne, and Gers: S. by that of Lower Pyrenees and W. by the fea. It is in general fandy and barren, but fertile on the SE. It is watered by the Douze and Adour. Mont de Marfan is the capital. LANDESHUT. See LANDSHUT, LANDGRABEN, a river of Silefia. (r.)* LANDGRAVE. n. f. [land and grave, count, German.] A German title of dominion. (2.) LANDGRAVE, [from land, German, earth, and graff or grave, a judge or count.] was a tite given to those who executed juftice in behalf of the emperors, with regard to the internal policy of the country. It does not feem to have beca ufed before the 11th century. Thofe judges were first appointed within a certain, district of Germe ny; in time the title became hereditary, and the judges affumed the fovereignty of the feveral dis tricts over which they prefided. Landgrave is now applied, by way of eminence, to those fove. reign princes of the empire, who poffefs by inhe ritance certain eftates called landgravates, and of which they receive the inveftiture from the empe ror. There are 4 princes who have this title, viz. those of Thuringia, Hesse, Alface, and Leuchtenberg. There are alfo other landgraves, who are not princes, but counts of the empire. See COUNT, 3-5. LANDGRAVIATE, or LANDGRAVATE. E. the office, authority, jurifdiction, or territory of a landgrave. .. LANDGUARD FORT, a fort on the Suffo fide of the harbour of Harwich, but in the lim of Effex. It has a fine prospect of the coafts of both counties. It was erected for the defence of the port of Harwich, for it commands the entry of it from the fea up the Maning-tree water, and will reach any fhip that goes in or out. It is pla ced on a point of land fo furrounded with the fea at high water, that it looks like a little ifland & mile from the fhore. The making its foundation folid enough for fo ftrong a fortification coft prodigious labour and expenfe. It was built in the reign of King James I. when it was a much more confiderable fortification than now, having 4 ba tions mounted with 60 very large guns, particu larly thofe on the royal baftion, which would throw a 28 pound ball over Harwich. It has a fmall garrifon, with a governor, and a platform of guns. It is refitted and greatly enlarged for the conveniency of the officers of ordnance, engineer and matroffes; and has a barrack for the foldier *LANDHOLDER. n. f. {land and holder.] One who holds lands.-Money, as neceflary to trad may be confidered as in his hands that pays t labourer and landholder; and if this man was money, manufacture is not made, and fo the trac is loft. Locke.. ... LANDIN, a town of Portugal, in the prov. of thing fet up to preferve the boundaries of lands.Entre Duero e Minho; 6¡miles W. of Guima raens. I' th' midft, an altar, as the land-mark, stood, Ruftick, of grafsy sod. Milton. The land-marks by which places in the church had been known, were removed. Clarendon. Then land-marks limited to each his right; For all before was common as the light. Dryd. Though they are not felf-evident principles, yet if they have been made out from them by a wary and unquestionable deduction, they may serve as land-marks, to fhew what lies in the direct way of truth, or is quite befide it. Locke. * LANDING. n.f.[from land.] The top LANDING-PLACE. Softairs.-Let the ftairs to the upper rooms be upon a fair, open newel, and a fair landing-place at the top. Bacon. The landing place is the uppermoft ftep of a pair of ftairs, viz. the floor of the room you afcend upon. Moxon.-There is a stair-cafe that strangers are generally carried to fee, where the eafinefs of the afcent, the difpofition of the lights, and the convenient landing, are admirably well contrived. Ad-(21) LAND-MARK fignifies alfo any mountain, difon.-What the Romans called veftibulum was rock, fteeple, tree, &c. that may ferve to make no part of the house, but the court and landing the land known at sea. place between it and the street. Arbuthnot. - LANDINI, Chriftopher, a learned Venetian of the 15th century. He tranflated Pliny's Natural Hiftory into Italian, and wrote Commentaries on Horace, which have been often printed. ' * LANDJOBBER. n. f. [land and job.] One who buys and fells land for other men.If your maf ter be a minister of state, let him be at home to none but land-jobbers, or inventors of new funds. Swift. LANDISFARN. See HOLY ISLAND. LANDIVISIAU, a town of France, in the dep. of Finisterre; 7 miles NE. of Landernau. LANDIVY, a town of France, in the dep. of Maine; 11 miles N. of Ernee, and 6 NW. of Maine: * Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there, Shark'd up a lift of landless refolutes. Shak. A landless knight hath made a landed fquire. Shak. (1.) * LANDLOCKED. adj. [land and lock.] Shut in, or inciofed with land. There are few natural parts better land-locked, and closed on all fides, than this feems to have been. Addison. (2.) LAND-LOCKED is when land lies all round the ship, so that no point of the compass is open to the fea. If he is at anchor in fuch a place, the is laid to ride land-locked, and is therefore concluded to ride fafe from the violence of the winds and tides. *LANDLOPER. n. f. {land and loopen, Dutch. A landman; a term of reproach ufed by feamen of those who pafs their lives on fhore. *LANDLORD. n. [land and lord.] 1. One who owns lands or houses, and has tenants under him. This regard shall be had, that in no place, under any landlord, there fhall be many of them placed together, but difperfed. Spenfer.It is a generous pleasure in a landlord, to love to fee all his tenants look fat, fleek, and contented. Clariffa. 2. The mafter of an inn. Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetched out the jolly landlord, who knew him by his whittle. Addifon. (1.) * LAND-MARK. n. f. [land and mark.] Any LANDONNEAU, a river of France, in the dep. of Finisterre, which runsinto the fea near Breft, LANDRECY, a town of France, in the dep. of the North, and late province of Hainault. It was befieged in vain by the emperor Charles V. in 1543; but was ceded to him by the peace of Creffy. In 1637, it was taken by the French, but retaken foon after by the Spaniards, who retained it 18 years. In 1655, it was taken by Marshals Turenne and Ferte, after a fiege of 10 days. The French then fortified it fo ftrongly, that it with. ftood the utmost efforts of prince Eugene and the allied army, in 1712, during a frege of 14 days. In April 1794, it was befieged by a part of the combined army under the prince of Orange, and after a fiege of 10 days, surrendered on the 30th April. The bombardment was fo fevere, that 1200 of the garrison and 200 of the citizens were killed; and not above 3 houses left standing. The prisoners taken were 4400. But, though garri. foned by 20,000 men, according to Mr Cruttwell, pr 3000, according to Mr Stewart (in his Scottish Register), it furrendered at difcretion to the French under Gen. Scherer, on the 13th of July 1794, after a fiege of 12 days. It is feated on the Sambre, 18 miles SW. of Maubeuge, and 100 N. by E. of Paris. Lon. 3. 47. E. Lat. 50. 7. N.. LANDRESSE, a town of France, in the dep. of the Doubs, 16 miles NE. of Ornans, and y SE. of Baume. LANDRINO, a town of Italy, in the dep. of Olona, and diftrict (late duchy) of Milan; 11 m. SSE. of Milan. LANDROVA, a river of Spain, in Galicia. (1.) LANDSBERG, or LANDSPERG, a town of Germany, with an ancient fort, in the ci-devant duchy of Deux Ponts, now included in the French Empire, and dept. of Mont Tonnere. (2.) LANDSBERG, a town of Bavaria, on the Lech, 18 miles S. of Augsburg, and 32 W. of Munich. Lon. 28. 29. E. of Ferro. Lat. 48. 4. N. (3.) LANDSBERG, a town of Stiria, 24 miles SW. of Gratz, and 94 SSW. of Vienna. (4) LANDSBERG, a town of Pruffia, in the pro vince of Natangen; 26 miles S. of Konigsberg. (5.) LANDSBERG, a town of Upper Saxony, in Leipfick, miles W. of Delitsch, and 14 NW, of Leipfick. (6,7-) LANDSBERG, 2 towns of Upper Saxony, in Brandenburg: 1. on the Warta, with a confiderable trade in wool; 20 miles E. of Kuftrin, and 64 of Berlin: 2. fourteen miles ENE. of Berlin, and 21 SE. of Oranienburg. (1.) LANDSCAPE. (1.) * LANDSCAPE. n. f: llandschape, Dutch.) : (2.) LANDSHUT, a town of Moravia, on the 3. A region, the prospect of the country: Morava, 16 miles SE. of Aufpitz. Lovely seem'd (3.) LANDSHUT, a town of Poland, in Lemberg, That landscape! Milton. (4.) LANDSHUT, a town of Silesia, in Zeider. The fun scarce uprisen, LANDSKIP. See LANDSCAPE. Shot parallel to th' earth his dewy ray, LANDSPERG. See LANDSBERG. Discovering in wide landscape all the east LANDSTRASS, a town of Carniola, Of paradise, and Eden's happy plains. Milton. (1.) * LAND-TAX. n. $ [land and tax.) Tax Straight mine eye hath caught new pleasures, laid upon land and houses.- If mortgages were Whilst the landscape round it measures registered, land-taxes might reach the lender to Ruflet lands and fallows grey. Milton. pay bis proportion. Locke. -We are like men entertained with the view of a (2.) The LAND-TAX is one of the annual taxes spacious landscape, where the eye passes over one raised upon the subject. See Tax. The land-tas, pleafing prospect into another. Addifon. 2. A in its modern shape, has superseded all the former picture, representing an extent of space, with the methods of rating either property or persons in re various objects in it.As good a poet as you are, spect of their property, whether by tenths or fifyou cannot make finer landscapes than those about teenths, subsidies on land, hydages, scutages, or the king's houfe. Addison. talliages; a fort explication of which will, how. Oft in her glafs the musing shepherd spies ever, greatly affift us in understanding our ancient The wat'ry landscape of the pendant woods. laws and history. Tenths and fifteenths were Pope. temporary aids issuing out of personal property, LANDSCHUT. LANDSHUT. and granted to the king by parliament. They (1.) LANDSCRON, a fort of Poland, in the were formerly the real tenth or fifteenth part of palatinate of Cracow; -24 miles S. of Cracow. all the moveables belonging to the subje&; when (2.) LANDSCRON, a town of Bohemia, in Chru. such moveables, or personal estates, were a very dim; 12 miles E. of Leutmisch). different and a much less confiderable thing than (3.) LANDSCRON, a fort of France, in the dep. what they usually are at this day. Tenths are of the Upper Rhine; 5 miles SW. of Bafle, and said to have been first granted under Henry !! . 8 S. of Hunninguen. Lon. 9. 32. E. Lat 47. 36. N.' who took advantage of the fashionable zeal for (4.) LANDSCRON, a sea-port town of Swe- croisades to introduce this new taxation, to de. LANDSCRONA, orden, in the province of fray the expense of a pious expedition to Pales , LANDSCROON, s. Gothland, and terri- tine, which he really or seemingly bad projected tory of Schonen, seated on the Baltic, in the against Saladine, emperor of the Saracens, whence Sound, 22 miles N. of Copenhagen. Lon. 14. 20. it was originally denominated the Saladine tentb. E. Lat. 55.42. N. But afterwards fifteenths were more usually grant: LANDSDOWN, a town in Somersetshire, near ed than tenths. Originally the amount of thele Bath, with a fair on October Joth for cattle and taxes was uncertain, being levied by assessments cheese. new made at every freth grant of the commons, a (1.) LAND'S END, a promontory of Cornwall, commission for which is preserved by Matthew the most westerly point of Great Britain. It was Paris: but it was at length reduced to a certainty . called by Ptolemy Bolerium, and arrivesals or in the 8th year of Edward III. when, by virtue of Antiveftuum, and by Diodorus Belerium, as Cam- the king's commission, new taxations were made den conjectures, from the British word Pell , ligni- of every township, borough, and city in the king, fying remote. The ancient British bards called it dom, and recorded in the exchequer; which rate Penrighnaed, or the Promontory of Blood; and was, at the time, the 15th part of the value of their historians Penwith, or the promontory to every township, the whole amounting to about the left. The Saxons called it Penwithstepre, and 29,000l. and therefore it till kept up the name of the inhabitants Pen-von-las, or the Land's end. a fifteentb, when, by the alteration of the value A tradition obtains, that this head ran farther out of money and the increase of personal property, into the sea, and that the ground now covered was things came to be in a very different atuation. denominated Lioness. On the outermoft rocks So that when, of later years, the commons grantare to be seen veins of lead and copper at low ed the king one isth, every parish in England im. water, and the inhabitants on the coast say that a mediately knew their proportion of it; that is , light-house formerly stood there. Lon. 3:45. W. the same identical fum that was aflefled by the Lat. $o. 7. N. Same aid in the 8th of Edward III.; and then rai(2.) LAND'S END, a cape on the NE. coast of red it by a rate among themselves, and returned Sheerness, 4 miles NW. of Shellness. ??? it into the royal exchequer. The other ancient LANDSER, a town of France, in the dep. of levies were in the nature of a modern land-tax; the Upper Rhine, and 104 miles NW. of Balle. for we may trace up the original of that charge as LANDSHAAG, a town of Austria, on the Da. high as to the introduction of our mititary tenures; mube, 19 miles SW. of Freuftade. when every tenant of a knight's fee was bound, if (1.) LANDSHUT, a well built town of Bava. called-upon, to attend the king in his army for 40 ria, capital of a district. It has two electoral på days in every year. But this personal attendance daces, a college, and a churches. ?The steeple of growing troublesome, the tenants found means of one of them is the higheft in Germany. It is feated compounding for it, by first sending others in on the Iser, 32 miles Ne. of Munich, anid 36 SE. their fead, and in process of time by making a of Ingolstadt. Lon. 12. 10. E. Lat. 48. 30. N. pecuniary satisfaction to the crown in lieu of it. ke This |