A barren parish of Scotland, in Sutherlandshire, feated on Loch-Shin; 24 miles long from E. to W. and about 8 broad. Not above a 2oth part is arable; the reft confifting of hills and heath. But as it abounds in lime-ftone, it might be improved by induftry. The air is damp. The population, in 1793, was 1350; increase fince 1755, 340.

LAIS, a celebrated courtezan, daughter of Timandra, the mistress of Alcibiades, born at Hyccara in Sicily. She fold her favours first at Corinth for 10,000 drams, and the vast number of her lovers of all ranks fufficiently prove her personal charms. The extravagant price of her embraces became proverbial;

Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum. Demofthenes himself, the celebrated orator, paid a vifit to Corinth for her fake; but when he was informed, that admittance to her bed would coft about zool. fter. he departed, saying he would not purchafe repentance at fo dear a price. But her charms had no influence upon Xenocrates, whom The vifited herself, but had no reason to boaft of victory. Diogenes, however, though filthy in his drefs and manners, enjoyed her favours, which My. con the sculptor folicited in vain. She justly ridiculed the aufterity of thofe fages who pretended to have gained a fuperiority over their paffions, and yet were at her door as often as others. She went into Theffaly, to enjoy the company of a favourite called Hippoftratus. But the Theffalian women, afraid of her corrupting the fidelity of their huf bands, affaffinated her in the temple of Venus, about A. A. C. 350.

LAISON, a river of France, which runs into the Dive, in the dep. of Calvados, 3 miles ESE. of Troarn.

(1.) LAISSE, a town of France, in the dep. of Mont Blanc, and late duchy of Savoy 3 miles E. of Chambery.

(2.) LAISSE, a river of France, which rifes near Montmelian, in the dep. of Mont Blanc, runs through lake Bourget, and falls into the Rhone near Chanas, in the dep. of Ifere.

LAI-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the ft rank, in the prov. of Chan-tong, built on a promontory; 225 miles SE. of Peking.

(1.) LAITY. n.. [.] 1. The people, as diftinguished from the clergy. An humble clergy is a very good one, and an humble laity too, fince humility is a virtue that equally adorns every ftation of life. Swift. 2. The ftate of a layman.The more ufual caufe of this deprivation is a mere laity, or want of holy orders. Ayliffe's Parergon. (2.) LAITY. See CLERGY. The lay part of his majesty's fubjects is divided into three diftinct ftates; the civil, the military, and the maritime. See CIVIL, MILITARY, and MARITIME.

LAI-VOU, a town of China, in Chan-tong. LAI-YANG, 2 towns of China, of the 3d rank, in the provinces of Chan-tong and Hou-quang. (1.) LAIZE, a river of France, in the dep. of Calvados, which falls into the Orne, 2 m. SW. of St Martin.

(2.) LAIZE, a town of France, in the dep. of Saone and Loire; 6 miles N. of Maçon.

LAK, a town of Hungary, 18 m. SE. of Canifca. (1.) * LAKE. n. f. [lac, Fr. lacus, Lat.] 1. A large diffusion of inland water.

He adds the running fprings and standing lakes,

And bounding banks for winding rivers makes. Dryden. 2. Small plash of water. 3. A middle colour betwixt ultramarine and vermilion, yet it is rather sweet than harsh. It is made of cochineal. Dryden.

(2.) A LAKE, (§ 1, def. 1.) is a collection of waters contained in fome cavity in an inland place, of a large extent, surrounded with land, and having no communication with the ocean. Lakes may be divided into four kinds. 1. Such as neither receive nor fend forth rivers. 2. Such as emit rivers, without receiving any. 3. Such as receive rivers, without emitting any. And, 4. Such as both receive and fend forth rivers. Of the firft kind, fome are temporary and others perennial. Most of those that are temporary, owe their origin to the rain, and the cavity or depreffion of the place in which they are lodged: thus, in India there are feveral fuch lakes made by the industry of the natives, of which fome are a mile, and fome two, in circuit; thefe are furrounded with a ftone wall, and being filled in the rainy months, fupply the inhabitants in dry feafons, who live at a great diftance from fprings or rivers. There are alfo feveral of this kind formed by the inundations of the Nile and Niger; and in Mufcovy, Finland, and Lapland, many lakes are formed, partly by the rains, and partly by the melting of the ice and fnow; but the perennial lakes, which neither receive nor emit rivers, are fupposed to arife from fubterraneous fprings, by which they are constantly fupplied. The fecond kind of lakes, which emit without receiving rivers, is very numerous, Many rivers flow from these as out of cisterns; where their springs being fituated low within a hollow place, firft fill the cavity and make it a lake, which not being capacious enough to hold all the water, it overflows and forms a river. Of this kind are Lake WOLGA, at the head of the river Wolga; lake ODIUM, at the head of the Tanais; lake Adac, whence a head water of the Tigris flows; and lake Ozero, or white lake, in Mufcovy, the fource of the Shakfna: and the great lake Chaamay, whence flow 4 very large rivers, which water the countries of Siam, Pegu, &c. viz. the Menan, the Afa, the Caipoumo, and the Laquia, &c. The 3d fpecies of lakes, which receive rivers but emit none, apparently owe their origin to those rivers, which, in their progress from their fource, falling into fome extensive cavity, are collected together, and form a lake of fuch dimenfions as may lofe as much by exhalation as it continually receives from thefe fources: of this kind is that great lake improperly called the CASPIAN SEA; the lake ASPHALTITES, alfo called the Dead Sea; the lake of GENEVA, and feveral others. Of the 4th species, which both receive and emit rivers, are reckoned 3 kinds, as the quantity they emit is greater, equal, or lefs, than they receive. If it be greater, they must be fupplied by fprings at the bottom; if lefs, the furplus of the water is probably spent in exhalations; and if equal, their fprings juft fupply as much water as runs off, and is evaporated by the fun. Lakes are alfo divided into freb-swater and falt-water lakes. Dr Halley

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is of opinion, that all great perennial lakes are fa. other pound of the shreds, proceeding in the lanse line, either in a greater or less degree ; and that manner; and likewise a 3d and 4th pound. Whilit this faltness increases with time, Large lakes an- this is doing, dissolve a pound and a half of cuttleswer the most valuable purposes in the northern fish bone in a pound of strong aquafortis in a glass regions, the warm vapours that arise from them receiver ; adding more of the bone, if it appear to moderating the extreme cold; and in warmer cli- produce any ebullition in the aquafortis ; and mates, at a great distance from the sea, the exha: pour this strained solution gradually - into the lations raised from them by the sun cause the coun- other; but if any ebullition be occafoned, more tries that bordér upon them to be refreshed with of the cuttle-fith bone must be dissolved, as before, frequent showers, and consequently prevent their and added till no ebullition appears in the mixture. becoming barren deserts.

The crimson sediment deposited by the liquor (3.) LAKE, or LAQUE, a preparation of different thus prepared is the lake : pour off the water; fubstances into a kind of magiftery for the use of ftir the lake in two gallons of hard -fpring water

, painters: one of the finest and first invented of and mix the sediment in two gallons of fresh wawhich was that of gum lacca, or lacque, from ter ; let this method be repeated 4 or s times. If which all the rest, as made by the same process, no hard water can be procured, or the lake apare called by the common name lacques. See pears too purple, half an ounce of alum should LACCA, 1. The method of preparing these be added to each quantity of water before it be is much the same with that of the curcuma root used. Having thus fufficiently freed the lake from or TURMERIC ROOT ; the process is this : Take the salts, drain off the water through a filter, co a pound of turmeric root in fine powder, 3 pints of vered with a worn linen cloth. When it has water, and an ounce of salt of tartar ; put all in- been drained to a proper dragõess, let it be drop to a glazed earthen vessel, and let then: boil to- ped through a proper funnel on clean boards, gether over a clear gentle fire, till the water ap- and the dệops will become small cones or pyrapears highly impregnated with the root, and will mids, in which form the lake must be suffered to ftain a paper to a beautiful yellow. Filter this dry, and the preparation is completed. Lake liquor, and gradually add to it a trong folution of may be prepared from cochineal, by gently boilrock alum in water, till the yellow matter is all ing of cochineal in a quart of water; filtering the curdled together and precipitated; after this pour solution through paper, and adding 2 oz. of pearlthe whole into a filter of paper, and the water aflies dissolved in half a pint of warm water and filwill run off and leave the yellow matter behind. tered through paper. Make a folution of cuttle It is to be washed many times with fresh water, bone, as above, and to a pint of it add, 7 02: of till the water comes off infipid, and then is ob-alum dissolved in half a pint of water. Put this tained the beautiful yellow called lacque of tur- mixture gradually to that of the cochineal and meric, and used in painting. In this manner may pearl afhes, as long as any ebullition appears to a lake be made of any of the tinging substances arise, and proceed as above. -A beautiful lake that are of a strong texture, as madder, logwood, 'may be prepared from Brazil wood, by boiling &c. but it will not succeed in tender species, as 3 lb. of it for an hour in a solution of 3 ib. ef corthe flowers of roses, violets, &c. as it destroys mon salt in 3 gallons of water, and filtering the the nice arrangement of parts in those subjects on „þot fluid through the paper; add to this a folution which the colour depends. A yellow, lake for of 5 lb. of alum in 3 gallons of water. Diffolve painting is made from broom flowers thus: Make 3 lb. of the best pearl afhes in a gallon and a half a ley of pot-ashes and lime pretty strong; in this of water, and purify it by filtering ; pot this boil, at a gentle fre, fresh bloom flowers till they gradually to the other, till the whole of the coare white, the ley having extracted all their co- lour appear to be precipitated, and the Auid be lour; then take out the flowers, and put the ley left clear and colourless. But if any appearance to boil in earthen vessels over the fire; add as of purple be feen, add a fresh quantity of the somueh ałum as the liquor will disolve; then empty lution of alum by degrees, till a scarlet hue be this ley into a vessel of clean water, and it will produced. Then pursue the directions given in give a yellow colour at the bottom. Let all set the first process with regard to the sediment. If tle, and docant off the clear liquor. Wash the half a pound of feed lac be added to the solution powder found at the bottom with more water, of pearl alhes, and dissolved in it before its puritill all the salts of the ley are washed off, then se- fication by the filter, and 2 lb. of the wood, and parate the yellow matter, and dry it in the shade. a proportional quantity of the common falt and It proves a very valuable yellow. Lake is seldom water be used in the coloured solution, a lake will prepared from any other substance than scarlet be produced that will stand well in oil or water, rags, cochineal, and Brazil wood. The best of but is not fo transparent in oil as without the lead what is commonly fold is made from the colour lac. The lake with Brazil wood may be also made extracted from scarlet rags, and deposited on the by adding half an ounce of anotto to each pound euttle-bone; and this may be prepared in the fol. of the wood; but the anotto must be diffolved in? lowing manner: Diffolve a pound of the best pearl the folution of pearl afhes. There is a kind of ashes in two quarts of water, and filter the liquor beautiful lake brought from China; but as it does through paper; add to this two more quarts of not mix well with either water or oil, though it water, and a pound of clean scarlet fhreds, and boil dissolves entirely in spirit of wine, it is of no use thein in a pewter boiler till the Ihreds have loft in our painting. This has been erroneously called their scarlet colour; take out the shreds and press faflower. them, and put the coloured water yielded by (4.) LAKE, Orange, is the tinging part of anot. them to the other : in the fame scluțion boil an. to precipitated together with the earth of aluw.

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This pigment, which is.of a bright orange colour, buted liberally to the poor. Universal rejoicings and fit for varnish painting, where there is no prevail throughout Thibet ; banners are unfurled fear of Aying, and also for putting under crystal on all their fortreiles; the peasantry.fill up the to imitate the vinegar garnet,may be prepared by day with 'music and festivity, and the night is boiling 4 oz. of the best anotto and i lb. of pearl cheered by general illuminations. A long period ashes half an hour in a gallon, of water, and is afterwards employed in making presents and Atraining the solution through paper. Mix gra. public entertainments to the newly inducted lama, dually with this solution in lb. of alum in an.' who, at the time of his accession to the Musnud, other gallon of water; delifting when ebullition or pontificate of. Teeshoo Loomboo, is often not 3 ceases. Treat the sediment in the manner alrea. years of age. The whole ceremony, from its dy directed for other kinds of lake, and dry it in commencement to its consummation, lafts 40 days. square bits or round lozenges.

(2.) LAMA, in geography, a town of Naples, in (1.) LALAND. See LAALAND.

Abruzzo Citra; 12 miles E. of Solmona. (2.) LALAND, an island of Cornwall, at the en- (3.) LAMA, in zoology. See CAMELUS, N° 3: trance of Padstow haven.

LAMALMON, a mountain of Abyslinia, in the LALANG, an island in the straits of Malacca, ridge called Samen, by some supposed to be the on the N. coast of Sumatra.

higheft in that empire, situated on the road to LALBENC, a town of France, in the dep. of Gondar. (See ETHIOPIA, Ø 56, 61.) It stands on Ilers, 7 miles NNE. of St Marcelin. . ;

the NW. part of the mountains of Samen, and is LALIM, a town of Portugal, irf Beira. higher than the mountains of Tigre; but Mr Bruce

LALLI, John Baptift, an Italian poet, whose reckons it inferior to those on the SE. The plain chief work is a poem on the destruction of Jeru- on the top, called. Kedus, is seated at the foot of falem. He also wrote a Travesty of the Æneid. a steep cliff, terminating the W. fide of Lamal. He died in 1635.

mon, which is as perpendicular as a wall, and has LALSOOND, a town of India, in Agimere. a few trees on its top. Two streams fall down (1.)LAMA, the sovereign pontiff, or rather god, this cliff, into a wood at the bottom; and as they of the Afiatic Tartars, inhabiting the country of flow all the year, the plain is in continual verdure. Barantola. The lama is not only adored by the The very highest part of the mountain, which inhabitants of the country, but also by the kings from below appears to be sharp-pointed, is a large of Tartary, who fend him rich presents, and go plain, full of springs, which are the sources of in pilgrimage to pay him adoration, calling him most of the rivers in this part of Abyffinia. This lama congiu; i. e. “ god, the everlasting father of plain is quite impregnable, both by its - Situation heaven." He is never to be seen but in a secret and the abundance of provisions it produces, beplace of his palace, amidft a great number of fides the fish its waters afford. lamps, fitting cross-legged upon a cushion, and LAMANTEA, a town of Naples, in Calabria adorned all over with gold and precious stones; Citra, 12 miles SW. of Cosenza. where at a distance they prostrate themselves be- LAMAS, a town of Spain, in Galicia. fore him, it not being lawful for any to kiss even (1.) * LAMB. n. f. [lamb, Gothick and Saxon.) his feet. He is called the great lama, or lama' of 1. The young of a sheep.laması; that is, “priest of priekts.”,. The ortho- To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb, dox opinion is, that when the grand lama seems T'appease an angry god. Shak. Macbeth. to die either of old age or infirmity, his soul in The lamb, thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, fact only quits a crazy habitation to look for ano. Had he thy knowledge, would be skip and play? ther younger or better; and it is discovered agaia

Pope, in the body of some child, by certain tokens known 2. Typically, the Saviour of the world.—Thou only to the lamas or priests, in which order he al Lamb of God that takest away the fins of the ways appears. A particular account of the pom- world, have mercy upon us. Common Prayer. pous ceremonies attending the inauguration of the - (2.) LAMB, in zoology. See Ovis. A male lamb infant lama in Thibet, is given in the first yolume of of the first year is called a wedder bog, and the fethe Afiatic Researches. The emperor of China ap- male a ewe bog ; in the 2d year it is called a wedpears, on such occafions, to act a'very conspicu- der, and the female a sheave. If a lamb be fick, ous part, in giving testimony of hisrespect and zeal mare's milk with water may be given it; and by for the great religious father of his faith. “The blowing into the mouth, many have been recover28th day of the oth moon, corresponding nearly, ed, after appearing dead. The best season for - as their year commences with the vernal equinox, weaning them is at 16 or 18 weeks old ; and to the middle of October, is reckoned the moft about Michaelmas the males should be separated auspicious for the ceremony of inauguration. The from the females, and such males as are not deproceflion, on these occasions, from Terpaling to signed for rams, gelded. Teefhoo Loomboo, is conducted with such Now (3.) LAMB HEAD, a cape of Orkney, on the SE. and majestic folemnity, that though the distance coast of Strongsay. is only 20 miles, it takes up 3 days. The crowd (4.) LAMB ISLAND, an ise in the Frith of Forth, of spectators is immense. The 3 next days are i mile NNW. of N. Berwick. spent in the ceremonies of inauguration, in deli. (5.) LAMB, SCYTHIAN, a kind of moss, which vering the presents sent by the emperor to the is said to grow about the roots of fern in the N. lama, and in the public feftivals on the oceafion ; parts of Europe and Asia, and to assume the form

during which, all who are at the capital are enter- of a quadruped; so called from a supposed resem. She tained at the public expense, and alms are diftri- blance to a lamb; having something like 4 feet,

and

and its body covered with a kind of down. Tra. veral works; among which is a History of Germany, vellers report that it will suffer no vegetable to from 1050 to 1077, which is esteemed. grow within a certain distance of its feat. Sir (2.) LAMBERT, Claud Francis, a French writer, Hans Sloane read a memoir upon this plant before author of several romances and compilations. His the Society, inserted in their Trans. N° 245, pe chief work is a Literary History of Lewis XIV. for 461. Mr Bell, in his Journey from St Petersburgh which he obtained a pension. He died in 1764. to Ipaban, says he searched in vain for this plant (3.) LAMBERT, John, general of the parliament's in the neighbourhood of Aftracan: and that the forces during the civil wars of the 19th century. Tartars treat the story as fabulous.

He was of a good family, and for some time ftu(6.) LAMB WINE. See CHINESE, \ 32. died the law; but upon the breaking out of the re

LAMBA, an ille of Scotland, between Shetland bellion, went into the parliament army, where he and Yell.

foon rose to the rank of colonel, and by his conLAMBACH, a town of Germany, in Austria. duct and valour, performed many eminent fer

LAMBALLE, a town of France, in the dep. of vices. But when Cromwell feemed 'inclined to the North Coafts; 37 miles NW. of Rennes. It assume the title of king, Lambert opposed it with has a good trade in cattle, linen, parchment, &c. great vigour, and even refused to take the oath re. Lon. 2. 21. W. Lat. 48. 27. N.

quired by the assembly and council, to be faithful LAMBART, a hill in Dorset hire.

to the government; on which Cromwell deprived (1.) * LAMBATIVE. adj. (from lambo, to lick.] him of his commission, but granted him a penfion Taken by licking. In affections both of lungs and of 2000l. a-year. Lambert then retired to Wimweazen, physicians make use of fyrups and lam. bleton-house, where he turned florist; but amidi bative medicines. Brown,

these rural amusements he still nourished his ambi(2.) * LAMBATIVE. n. f. A medicine taken by tion; for, when Richard Cromwell succeeded his licking with the tongue.-I fitch'd up the wound, father, he acted fo effectually with Fleetwood, Del. and let him blood in the arm, advising a lambative borough, Vane, Berry, &c. that the new protector to be taken as neceffity should require. Wifem. was obliged to surrender his authority; and the

LAMBAY, an island on the w.coast of Ireland, members of the long parliament, dismissed by Oli12 m. from Dublin. Lon. 6. 12. W. Lat. 53:30. N. ver, on the 20th April 1653 (see ENGLAND, $ 51.

(1.) LAMBAYEQUE, a town of Peru, capital were restored to their seats, and Lambert was apof Sana, 12 miles from Moroppe, containing about pointed one of the council of state, and colonel of 1500 houses, and}30,000 inhabitants. Lat. 6.44. S. a regiment of horse and another of foot. For this (2.) LAMBAYEQUE, a river of Peru, near the town. service the parliament presented him with soool. LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE, or

but he diftributed it among his officers. From this LAMBDOIDES. See ANATOMY, 116. the parliament concluded that he intended to se.

LAMBECIUS, Peter, one of the most learned cure a party in the army. They therefore courmen of his time, was born at Hamburgh, in 1628. teously invited him to London; resolving, as soon He went very young to study in foreign countries, as he should arrive; to secure him from doing fur. at the expense of his uncle, the learned Holstenius. ther harm. Lambert, apprehensive of this, delay. He took his degree of LL.D. in France; was ed his return, and even refused to relign his comchosen professor of history at Hamburgh in 1652, mislion, when it was demanded of him and of 8 and rector of the college in 1660. His enemies other leading officers; and, marching up to Loncharged him with atheism, and censured his don with his army, dislodged the parliament by writings bitterly. He married a rich lady, but who force in October 1659. He was then appointed, was so very covetous, that he left her in disgust by a council of the officers, major-general of the within a fortnight. He went to Vienna, and thence army, and one of the new council for the mato Rome, where he publicly professed the Catholic nagement of public affairs, and sent to command religion. He returned to Vienna in 1662, where the forces in the north. But general Monk marchhe was kindly received by the emperor, who ap- ing from Scotland into England to support the pointed him his librarian, with the title of counsellor parliament, against which Lambert had acted with and historiograpber; in which employment he con- such violence, the latter, being deserted by his tinued till his death, and gained a great reputation army, was obliged to submit to the parliament, by his works; viz. 1. An Esay on Aulus Gellius. and by their order was committed prisoner to 2: The Antiquities of Hamburgh. 3. Remarks on the Tower; whence escaping, he soon appeared Codinus's Artiquities of Conftantinople, &c. in arms, with four troops under his command, but

* LAMBENT. adj. (lambens, Lat.) Playing was defeated and taken prisoner by colonel Ingoldiabout; gliding over without harm.

by. At the Restoration he was particularly exA lambent Aame arose, which gently spread cepted out of the act of indemnity. Being brought Around his brows.

Dryden. to bis trial on the 4th of June 1662, this daring His brows thick fogs, instead of glories, grace, general behaved with more submission than the And lambent dulness play'd around his face. meanest of his fellow prisoners, and was reprived

Dryden. at the bar, and confined for life in the inand of LAMBERHURST, a village of England, in Guernsey. the county of Kent, 10 miles SE. of Tunbridge, (4.) LAMBERT, John Henry, an eminent matheand 41 SÉ. of London. It was formerly cele- matician, born at Mulhauzen in Alface, in 1728. brated for its iron forges and furnaces. The rails He wrote several useful works, particularly a round St Paul's churchyard were caft here. treatise on the Orbits of Comets. He died at Ber

(1.) LAMBERT, a Benedictine mank of Af- lin in 1977, aged 49. chaffenburg, in the rith century, who wrote see (s.) LAMBERT, March of. See MARGUENAT.

(6.) LAMBERT,