when he produced his pleafant comedy of FalBaff's Wedding, at firft intended to have been given to the public as an original play of Shakespeare retrieved from obscurity; which indeed, it might have paffed for, as it is a very happy imitation. With the celebrated English Rofcius Dr. Kenrick was once on terms of the strictest intimacy; but quarrelled with him in print, in a mode rather unmanly. In politics alfo he made himself confpicuous, particularly in the dispute between his friends Wilkes and Horne. He was the original editor of The Morning Chronicle: whence being oufted for neglect, he fet up a new one in oppofition. He tranflated, in a very able manner, the Emilius and the Eloifa of Rouffeau; the Elements of the hiftory of England by Milot (to injure, if poffible, a tranflation of the fame work by Mrs Brooke); and produced feveral dramatic performances, together with an infinite variety of publications both original and tranflated. To him alfo the public are indebted for the collection of The Poetical Works of Robert Lloyd, M.A. 1774, 2 vols. 8vo. Dr Kenrick died June 9, 1777. KENSEY, a river of England, in Cornwall, which runs into the Tamar. (1.)KENSINGTON, a populous village of Middlefex, on the W. road from London, near 2 miles from Hide Park corner. Belides the palace, now neglected, it contains many genteel houses, and feveral boarding fchools. The palace, which was the feat of Lord Chancellor Finch, afterwards E. of Nottingham, was purchased by K. William III. who greatly improved it, and caused a royal road to be made to it, through St James's and Hyde Parks, with lamp pofts erected at equal diftances on each fide. Q. Mary II. enlarged the gardens. Q. Ann improved what Mary had begun; and was fo pleafed with the place, that the frequently fupped during the fummer in the green-house, which is very beautiful; but Q. Caroline completed the defign by extending the gardens from the great road in Kentington to Acton; by bring ing the Serpentine River into them; and by taking in fome acres from Hyde Park, on which the caufed a mount to be erected, with a chair on it that could be eafily turned round for shelter from the wind, fince decayed. This mount is planted round with ever-greens, and commands a fine view over the gardens, and the country S. and W. They were originally defigned by Kent, and have lately been very much improved by Brown; and afford much delight to the inhabitants of London. Thefe gardens, which are 34 miles in compafs, are kept in great order. The palace indeed has not much grandeur, but the royal apartments are noble, and fome of the pictures good. At this palace K. William, Prince George of Denmark, Q. Ann, and K. George II. died. The old church was pulled down in 1696, and a much better one built in its room. Part of this village, from the palace-gate to the Bell, is in the parish of St Margaret's, Westminster., (2.) KENSINGTON, a town of the United States, in New Hampshire, 13 miles SW. of Portsmouth. (1.) KENT, a county of England, fituated at the SE. corner of the island, and thence enjoying many advantages. The capacious eftuary of the Thames washes it on the N. as the fea does on the SE. whence fome have styled it a peninsula, In point of extent, this is the 5th county in South Britain. Kent is fuppofed to be fo named from the ancient British word kant, fignifying a corner, or, when applied to a county, a head-land. The Romans called the province CANTIUM, as well as its moft confpicuous promontory, the N. FORE LAND; and the people CANTII. (See these articles.) It is however probable, that these Cantii were not the original inhabitants, but a later colony from the oppofite continent, established here, like the Belgæ, not long before the Roman inva fion. At Cæfar's arrival, this spacious and fertile region was divided into 4 principalities, or small kingdoms. He remarks, that these people were diftinguished by their politeness; acharacter which their defcendants ftill preserve. When the Ro mans became masters of the S. parts of the island, this province received conspicuous marks of their attention, as appears from the stations which they established. See CANTIUM. The Roman forts were under the direction of a particular officer, called Littoris Saxonici Comes, i. e. the count of the Saxon fhore; which office feems to have been preserved by the British monarchs, after the Romans quitted the ifle. The Saxon kings of Kent difcharged this truft in their legal capacity, from the middle of the 5th to the beginning of the 9th century. Under the northern princes, this poft was again revived, under the title of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. Indeed, under all governments, the people of Kent have been especially confidered; as appears from their claim to the poft of honour in our armies, and the privileges granted to their havens, in confideration of their defence of the channel. The climate is various, In the low flat lands and marshes, the air is hea vy, moift, and unhealthy; though not to fuch a degree as it has been fometimes represented. But, in the reft of the county, the air is as pure and wholefome as in any part of Britain. No region is more happily or beautifully diverfified in regard to foil; and in no county are the various foils more fertile than in this. The Weald yields variety of fine timber; the middle part has very rich arable land, bearing excellent grain of every spe cies in immenfe plenty. There are alfo many beautiful orchards, which produce a variety of fine fruits, more especially apples and cherries, which were introduced from Flanders by Richard Harris, king's fruiterer, in the reign of Henry VIII. The flat country is renowned for its mea dows; and Rumney Marth has hardly its equal. The natural products of Kent are numerous, and of great value. In the bowels of the earth they find a rough hard ftone for paving; exquifite fullers earth, rich marl, fine chalk, and iron ore. Prodigious heaps of copperas ftones are thrown on the coaft. The ifle of Sheppey, and all the adjacent fhores as far as Reculver, are justly famous for wheat. Thanet is in no lefs credit for both barley and wheat, Horfes, black cattle, and theep, are numerous and remarkable in fize; and the hop grounds, in all parts of the county, turn to very confiderable account. Weld, or dyers weed, is alfo a very profitable commodity, of which great quantities grow near Canterbury; madder alfo is occasionally cultivated. The ri gazines; but alfo many private docks, in which prodigious business is carried on, and multitudes of people are employed. The population of the county, by the report to the Board of Agriculture, in 1800, was, about 200,000: The rentals, at 158. per acre, L.672,000: The number of square acres is 896,000: The extent of commons 200,000 acres. (2.) KENT, a town of Connecticut, 32 miles W. of Hartford. (3.) KENT, a populous and fertile county of Delaware, bounded on the E. by the Delaware; S. by Suffex county, W. by the ftate of Maryland, and N. by Newcastle county. It is 40 m. long from N. to S. and 26 broad from E. to W. It had 16,620 citizens in 1795, and 2300 flaves. Dover is the capital. (4) KENT, a.county of Maryland, on the eastern fhore, bounded on the E. by Newcastle, and part of Kent county (N° 2.) in Delaware; S. by the Chefter, which divides it from Q. Ann's county; W. by Chefapeak Bay, and N. by the Saffafras, which feparates it from Cecil county. It is 32 miles long, and 13 broad; and contained 12,836 citizens in 1795, and 5434 flaves. Chefter is the capital. (5.) KENT, a county of Rhode island, bounded on the E. by Narraganfet Bay; S. by Washington county, W. by the State of Connecticut, and N. by Providence county. It is 20 miles long, and 10 broad; and contained 8785 citizens and 63 Naves in 1795. Warwick is the capital, KENTAISSE, a mountain of Thibet. vers and fea coafts abound with fift. The excellency of its oyfters on the eastern fhore is celebra ted by the Roman poets. Thofe of Feverfham and Milton are in great efteem at the London market, and are fent in great quantities to Holland. The many rich commodities produced in this county, have led most of our writers to reprefent it as almost void of manufactures; but this is far from being the cafe. Of iron works there were anciently many; and there are still fome, where kettles, bombs, bullets, cannon, &c. are made. At Deptford Sir Nicholas Crifpe, one of the greatest improvers, and moft public fpirited perfons England ever bred, introduced feveral manufactories, particularly that of copperas. Copperas was alfo formerly made, together with brimstone, in the ille of Shepey. But the original, and for many ages the principal manufacture of this county, was broad cloth, eftablished chiefly at Cranbrook by K. Edward III. who brought over Flemings to improve and perfect his fubjects in that important art. At this place it flourished so much, that at the close of Q Elizabeth's reign, and even much later, the beft for home confumption, and the largest quantities for exportation, were wrought here; many fulling mills being erected upon almost every river, and the great plenty of excellent fuller's earth affording them fingular affistance; infomuch that it is a tradition, that the celebrated yeomanry of this county, are moftly the defcendants of rich clothiers, who laid out the money acquired by their induftry in the purchase of lands, which they tranfmitted, with their free and independent fpirit, to their pofterity. The duke of Alva's perfecution of the proteftants in the Low Countries drove a multitude of Walloons over hither, who brought with them that induftry and ingenuity for which they were always diftinguished. Thefe active people fettled a manufactory of flannel or baize at Sandwich; of filk at Canterbury, where it still fubfifts, and of thread at Maidstone, where it yet remains, and merits, more encouragement than it has hitherto met with. Upon the Dart, at the confluence of which with the Thames, ftands the town of DARTFORD, was fet up, in the reign of Q. Elizabeth, the firft mill for making white paper by Mr John Spilman, a German, upon whom K. James I. conferred the honour of Laighthood, and Charles I. gave him a patent and penfion of 2001. a-year, as a reward of his invention, and to fupport the manufacture. About ( 1.) KENTUCKY, one of the 17 United States 1590, Godfrey Box, a German, erected upon this of N. America. It is fituated between 83° and river the first flitting mill that was ever used for 89° Lon. W. of London; and between 36° 30′ making iron wire; and alfo the firft battery mill and 39° 30' Lat. N. It is bounded on the NW. for making copper-plates. Other machines re- and N. by the Ohio; E. by Great Sandy river, quring the affiftance of water have been fet up and a line drawn due S. till it reaches the N. bounon other streams; and a great variety of them dary of N. Carolina; SE. by Cumberland MounRill fubfift in different parts of this county. tain; S. by the State of Tenneffee; and W. by Amongst thefe we may reckon the making gun- Cumberland river. Dr Morfe and moft geogra powder in feveral places. The manufacture, how- phers make its length 250 miles, and breadth 200; ever, which is now the glory of this county, and but Mr Jof. Scott, in his United States Gazetteer, indred of Britain, is ship-building; more efpecial (1795) fays "it lies nearly in the form of a triangle, ly at the royal yards at Woolwich, which were whole greateft length is 377 miles. It was origi erected by Henry VIII. and fome confiderable thips nally divided into two counties, but now confifts built there. At prefent, there is not only a moft of 19; viz. Jefferfon, Fayette, Lincoln, Mafon, complete establishment for the building and equip. Woodford, Bourbon, Maddifon, Mercer, Nelping men of war, a rope-walk, foundery, and ma- fon, Washington, Franklin, Scott, Logan, Shel KENTIGERN, ST, or ST MUNGO, a celebrated faint of the Romish church, who flourished in Scotland, in the 6th century, and is faid to have been of the blood royal of both Scots and Picts, being the fon of Thametis, the daughter of Loth king of the Picts, by Eugene III. king of Scotland. He founded the bishoprics of Glasgow and St Afaph A.D. 560. (See GLASGOW, § 7; and ASAPH, N° 2.) He got the name of Mungo, from the affection of his tutor, St Serf, or Servanus, Bp. of Orkney, who called him Mongah, which, in the Norfe, or Norwegian language, fignifies Dear Friend. 'KENTISH-TOWN, a village of Middlesex, 3 miles N. of London, near Hampstead, much improved of late by several handsome houfes belong ing to the citizens of London, &c. A new chapel has lately been erected in it. by, by, Hardin, Greene, Clarke, Harrison, and dinař'Aower , so much extolled for its scarlet coCampbell . The principal rivers are the Ohio, lour; and all the year, excepting the winter Kentucky, Licking River, Red River, Elkhorn, months, the plains and valleys are adorned with Dicks River, Green River, Cumberland River, numberless Rowers of admirable beauty. The and Great Kanhaway or New River. These are tulip-bearing taurel tree,'or mágnolia, which has áll navigable for boats almost to their sources, an exquisite smell, continues to blossom and seed without rapids, for the greatest part of the year. for several months together. Iron ore and lead The country is generally level, and abounds with are found in abundance. The western waters limestone, which usually lies about fix feet deep; produce 'plenty of '60. On these, especially on except in hollows, where strear run, where the the Ohio, the water fowls are amazingly ou. rock is in the bottom of the channel. The springs merou's. The land fowls are, turkeys; a species and streams lellen ih June, and continue · low, of grouse, which the inhabitants call -pbiafants; hindering navigation, until November, when the quails, which they call partridges; the parroquet, autumnal rains soon replenish the whole country a bird resembling a parrot, but much smaller; and with water. The soil is amazingly fertile. The the ivory-bill woodcock, of a whitish colour, with inhabitants diâinguish its quality by aft, zd, and a white plume. It flies fcreaming exceedingiġ *3d rate lands; and scarcelý a marsh or swamp is sharp, and it is afferted, that its bill is pure ivoto be found. This country is more temperate ry; a circumstance very singular in the plumy and healthy than the other settled parts of Ame- tribe. Here also is the great owl, resembling its 'rica. The winter begins about Christmas, and kind in other respects, but remarkably differeut in ends about the first, or at farthest the işth of its' vociferation, sometimes making a strange, furMarch; and is so mild, that cattle can subfift prifing noise, like a man in the most extreme danwithout fodder. Snow feldom falls deep, or lies ger and difficulty. Serpents are not numerous, long. The W. winds often bring forms, and except the bull, the horned, and the mockalon the E. winds clear the sky; but there is no steady foakes. Among the native animals is the buffalo, rule in that respect, as in the Northern Stateś. or American Bison. See Bos, g -1V. N° 1. There The W. winds are sometimes cold and nitrous. are many deer, elks, bears, pantbers, wild cats, The Ohio running in that direction, and there wolves, beavers, otters, minks, mulk rats, foxes, being mountains on that quarter, the W. winds, rabbits, squirrels, rácoons, ground bogs, pole. by sweeping along their tops, in the cold regions cats, and opossums. Most of the domestic of the air, and over a long tract of frozen water, quadripeds introduced since the settlement, as collect cold in their course, and convey it over horses, cows, sheep, and hogs, are prodigiously the country; but the weather is not so intensely multiplied, suffered to run in the woods without severe as that which these winds bring with them å keeper, and brought home only when wanted. in Pennsylvania. The country, in general, may Many caves are found in this country amazingly be considered as well timbered, producing large large; in fome of which one may travel feveral trees of many kinds, and exceeded by no country miles under a fine limestone rock, fupported by in variety. Those which are peculiar to Kentucky curious arches and pillars: in moft of them runs are, the sugar tree, which grows in all parts in a stream of water. There' are s celebrated Salt great plenty, and furnishes every family with Springs, viz. Big-Bone Licks, Drennons, and Bulplenty of excellent sugar; and the honey.locuft, let Licks; and the higher and lower Blue Springs, which is curiously surrounded by large thorny which afford as good falt as lea-water. LEXINGTON spikes, bearing broad and long pods in form of is the largest town in the state, but FRANKFORT peas; it has a sweet tafte, and makes excellent is the capital. There are'two printing offices, beer. The coffee tree, which resembles the black and two gazettes are published weekly. oak, grows large; the papaw tree, which does (2.) KENTUCKY, a river of N. America, formed not grow to a great fize, is a soft wood, bears a fine by 3 head waters, that rise in the mountains in fruit, like a cucumber in shape and lize, but taftes the above state. The N. branch, which intersweet; the cucumber-tree, which is small and foft, locks with Cumberland river, runs half-way in with remarkable leaves, and bears a fruit much a W. direction, and NW. the other half, and resembling that from which it is named ; black falls into the Ohio, in Lat. 38° 29' N. It is amamulberry trees in abundance; the wild cherry zingly crooked for upwards of 200 miles. The tree, which is of a large size, and supplies the in- winding banks of this river, and of Dick's River, habitants with boards for all their buildings; the are rather precipices than Banks; for, almoft buck-eye, a very soft wood, bearing a remarkable everywhere, the astonished eye beholds 3 or 400 black fruit; and fome other kinds of trees not feet of folid perpendicular limestone rock; in some common elsewhere. Here is great plenty of fine parts a fine white marble, either curiously arched, cane, on which the cattle feed, and grow fat. pillared, or !haped up into fine building stones. This plant, in general, grows from 3 to 12 feet These precipices are like the fides of a deep trench, high, of a hard fubftance, with joints at 8 or 10 or canal; the land above being level, except where inches distance along the stalk, from which pro. creeks set in, and crowned with fine groves of ceed leaves resembling those of the willow. Wild red cedar. It is only at particular places that rye, clover, and buffalo grafs, cover vast tracts this river can be crofied, one of which is a great of country, and afford excellent food for cattie. rond, large enough for waggons to pass through, The fields are covered with wild herbage not com- foping with as. asy descent from the top to the mon to other countries ; as the Shawanese fallad, boitom of a vy steep hill, near the river above wild lettuce, peppet grass, &c. Here are seen Leeftown. the finest crown imperials in the world; the car. (3.) KENTUCKY, CONSTITUTION OF. By the constitution conftitution of this ftate, formed and adopted in 1791, the legislative authority is lodged in a feBate and house of reprefentatives. The reprefentatives are elected annually by the freemen, the governor and fenate for 4 years, by electors chofen for that purpose. The number of reprefentatives cannot exceed 100, nor be less than 40; and the fenate, at first confifting of 11, is to increase with the house of representatives in the ratio of one to four. The speaker of the senate exercises the office of governor in cafe of a vacancy. A representative must be 24 years of age, a fenator 27, and the governor 30, and all of them muft have been inhabitants of the ftate two years before their election. The legislature meets annually on the 1ft Monday in November. Before a perfon is qualified to vote for representatives, and electors of fenators and governor, he must be 21 years of age, and have refided 2 years in the ftate, or in the county wherein he is to vote. The governor can hold no other office, neither can the members of the general affembly, but those of attorney at law, juftices of the peace, coroner, and in the militia. The governor has power to appoint, with the advice of the senate, most of the executive officers of the state, to remit fines and forfeitures, grant reprieves and pardons, except in cafes of impeachment. Elective officers muft fwear that they have not used bribery in obtain ing their elections. The judiciary power is vested in a court of appeals, and fuch fubordinate courts as the legislature may establish. The judges continue in office during good behaviour. The declaration of rights prefixed to the constitution, afferts the civil equality of all the citizens; declares the right of the people to change their government at any time; trial by jury, liberty of confcience, freedom of elections and of the prefs; the fubordination of the military to the civil power; the rights of criminals to be heard in their own defence, and the right of the people to petition for redrefs of grievances. It interdicts titles of nobility, hereditary diftinctions, the fufpenfion of babeas corpus writ, unless in rebellions and invafions; ftanding armies, exceffive bail, unreafonable fearches and feizures, and confinement of debtors, unless there be presumption of fraud. (4.) KENTUCKY, DISCOVERY AND HISTORY OF. The firft white man we have any certain accounts of, who discovered this country, was one James M Bride, who, with fome others, paffing down the Ohio in canoes, in 1754, landed at the mouth of the Kentucky, and there marked his initials, with the date, upon a tree. Having reconnoitred the country, M'Bride and his party returned with the news of their having discovered the beft tract of land in N. America. It remained unexplored, however, till 1767, when John Finley of N. Carolina, and others, trading with the Indians, travelled over this fertile region, then known to the Indians by the names of the Dark and Bloody Grounds, on account of fome bloody rencounters that had occurred there among the Indian tribes. Upon his return to N. Carolina, he defcribed the country to Col. Daniel Boon, who, with a few more, agreed, in 1769, to take a journey to it for farther discoveries. After a fatiguing march, weftward, over a mountainous wilderness, they arrived VOL. XII. PART II. and encamped at Kentucky, and found it to exceed their expectations; but unforunately the Indians fell upon them, and plundered, difperfed, or murdered them all, except Col. Boon, who continued in the wilderness till 1771, when he returned. About this period Kentucky had attracted the attention of feveral gentlemen in Virginia. Dr Walker, with several others, made a tour W. to the Ohio; and afterwards he and Gen. Lewis purchased from the Five Nations of Indians the lands on the N. fide of Kentucky. Colonel Donaldson of Virginia, being employed by the ftate to run a line, from 6 miles above Long Inland on Holftein, to the mouth of the Great Kanhaway, was folicited to purchase the lands on the N. fide of the Kentucky from the Five Nations. This purchase he completed for L.500 in fpecie; but this valuable purchase the state refufed to confirm. Col. Henderson of N. Carolina, with fome other gentlemen, held a treaty with the Cherokees at Wataga, in March 1775, and purchased the lands on the S. fide of the Kentucky for goods, at valuable rates, to the amount. L.6000. The ftate of Virginia, alarmed at this, agreed to pay the money Donaldson had contracted for, and then difputed Col. Henderson's right of purchase, as being a private gentleman of another state; but, on account of his eminent services, in having made so valuable an acquisition to Virginia, agreed to reward him with 200,000 acres at the mouth of Green River; and the ftate of N. Carolina gave him an equal quantity in Powel's Valley. Col. Boon began this fettlement with his own and 5 other families in 1773. They were afterwards joined by 40 men from Powell's Valley. The colony increased fo rapidly, that it was erected into an independent ftate by act of Congress, Dec. 6th, 1790; and admitted into the union June ift, 1792. Thus, in the fhort fpace of 19 years, an uncultivated defert, inhabited only by wild beafts, was converted into a populous, well cultivated, flourishing, and independent state, notwithstanding much oppofition from the Western Indians. (5.) KENTUCKY, POPULATION OF. The population of this ftate has increased, and continues to increase so rapidly, that it is hardly poffible to give an estimate of it. In 1784, it was eftimated at upwards of 30,000; in 1794, at upwards of 100,000. Among these there are people of all religious fects, but the majority are faid to be Baptists. (1.) KEPLER, John, one of the greatest astronomers of his age, was born at Wiel, in the county of Wirtemberg, in 1571. His father had been an officer in the imperial fervice, but was fo much reduced, as to be obliged to keep a public house. Young Kepler, however, ftudied aftronomy and mathematics under Mælinus, and made fuch rapid progrefs, that in 1593, he was appointed profeffor of mathematics at Gratz. In 1595 he wrote an excellent book, which was printed at Tubingen, in 1596, entitled, Prodromus differtationum de proportione orbium cæleftium, deque caufis cœlorum numeri, magnitudinis, motumque periodicorum genuinis et propriis, &c. Tycho Brahe having fettled in Bohemia, under the patronage of the emperor Rodolphus, he prevailed upon Kepler to leave the univerfity of Gratz, and remove into Bohemia with his family and library, in 1600. Kepler, in 000 his 2d, from the centripetal force being in an inverse ratio of the fquare of the distance; and the elliptic form of the orbits, from a projectile force regulated by a centripetal one. (4.) KEPLER'S PROBLEM is the determining the true from the mean anomaly of a planet, or the determining its place, in its elliptic orbit, anfwering to any given time. The general state of the problem is this: To find the pofition of a right line, which, paffing through one of the foci of an ellipfis, fhall cut off an area which shall be in any given proportion to the area of the ellipfis; which refults from this property, that fuch a line fweeps areas that are proportional to the times. Many folutions have been given of this problem, fome direct and geometrical, others not: viz. by Kepler, who first proposed it; Bulliald, Ward, Newton, Keill, Machin, &c. See Newton's Princip.lib. 1 prop. 31; Keill's Aftron, Lect. 23; Philof. Trans. abr. vol. 8. p. 73, &C. his journey, was feized fo violently with the quartan ague, that he could not do Tycho Brahe the fervices of which he was before capable. He was alfo diffatisfied with the referredness which Tycho Brahe fhowed, for he did not communicate to him all that he knew; and as he died in 1601, Kepler bad not time to be very ufeful to him. Upon Brahe's death, the emperor appointed him his mathematician for life, and he daily acquired additional reputation by his works. The emperor ordered him to finish the tables of Tycho Brahe, which were called the Rodolphine Tables. Kepler applied himself to it vigorously; but the imperial treasurers were fo ill-affected toward our author, that he could not publish these tables till 1627. He died at Ratisbon, where he was foliciting payment of the arrears of his peasion, in 1630. The principal works of this great aftronomer are, 1. Prodromus differtationum, above mentioned, which he alfo entitled Mysterium Gofmographicum, and efteemed more than any other of his works. He fometimes faid, he would not give up the honour of having invented what was contained in that book for the electorate of Saxony. 2. Harmonia mundi, with a defence of that treatife. 3. De cometis libri tres. 4. Epitome aftronomia Copernicana. 5. Aftronomia nova. 6. Chilias logarithmorum, &c. 7. Nova ftereometria doliorum vinariorum, &c. 8. Dioptrica. 9. De vero natali anno Chrifti. 10. Ad Vitellionem Paralipomena, quibus Aftronomia pars optica traditur, &c. 11. Somnium, Lunarifve Aftronomia; in which he began to draw up that fyftem of comparative aftronomy which was afterwards pursued by Kircher, Huygens, and Gregory His death happened while the work was printing; upon which James Bartschius his fon in-law undertook the care of it, but was alfo interrupted by death: and Lewis Kepler his fon, who was then a phyfician at Konigsberg in Pruffia, was so much startled at thefe difafters, that it was with difficulty he could be prevailed upon to attempt to finish it, left it fhould prove fatal to him: he completed the task, however, without injury. (2.) KEPLER, Lewis, M. D. the fon of the preceding, was a phyfician at Konigsberg. He publifhed his father's Somnium Aftronomicum at Frankfort, in 1634; and died in 1663. (3.) KEPLER'S LAWS are thofe laws of the planetary motions difcovered by Kepler. Thefe difcoveries in the mundane fyftem are commonly accounted two, viz. 1ft, That the planets describe about the fun areas that are proportional to the times in which they are defcribed, namely by a line connecting the fun and the planets; and 2d, That the fquares of the times of revolution are as the cubes of the mean diftance of the planets from the fun. Kepler discovered also that the orbits of the planets are elliptical. Thefe difeoveries of Kepler, however, were only found out by many trials, in fearching, among a great number of aftronomical obfervations and revolutions, what rules and laws were found to obtain. On the other hand, Newton has demonftrated, a priori, all these laws, fhewing that they must obtain in the mundane fyftem, from the laws of gravitation and centripetal force: viz. the first of thefe laws refulting from a centripetal force urging the planets towards the fun; and the KEPPEL, Augukus, lord vifcount KEPPEL, a celebrated British Admiral, the ad fon of William E. of Albemarle. He accompanied Anfon in his famous voyage round the world, and afterwards rofe to the highest naval honours. In 1778, he commanded the channel feet, and had Sir Hugh Pallifer for his fecond. In the engage ment between the British and French fleets, little was done, and the two admirals of confequence criminated each other. (See ENGLAND, 99) Adm. Keppel was acquitted, which occafioned great rejoicing. In 1782, he was created a peer, and was twice first lord of the Admiralty. He died in 1786, with the character of being a man of great bravery, virtue, and humanity. *KEPT. pret. and part paff. of keep. KERATOPHYTUM, in natural history, a (pe cies of GORGONIA.-The keratophyta are called the FRUTICES CORALLOIDES, or fea-fhrubs; and generally known among naturalifts by the different appellations of LITHOPHYTA, LITHOXYLA, and keratophyta; epithets tending to convey an idea of their composition, which at first view seems to confift partly of a woody or horny, partly of aftony or calcareous fubftance, variously difpofed with respect to each other. Their general form ap proaches to that of fhrubs, having a root like bake, by which they adhere to fome folid fupport in the ocean; and a ftem or trunk, and branches differently difpofed; fome rifing up in one or more different twigs, fubdivided into fmaller and feparate ramifications; while others have their smaller branches connected in fuch a manner, as to form a curious net-like structure: from this diverfity of figure they borrow the names of fea fans, fea feathers, &c. The feeming fibres of the base are, in reality, fmall tubes, of which the whole shrub confifts; these tubes run up longitudinally into the trunk, and are alfo circularly difpofed about the centre of the trunk : the woody part, as natu ralifts have called it, thus formed, affords when burnt a ftrong fmell like burning horn; whence fome have called it the horny part. Upon this part is fuperinduced a kind of tony or calcareous coat, which covers both trunk and branches 10 their extremities. In this coat may be discovered regular orders or pores of cells; and viewed by the microfcope, it always appears to be an organ |