a . (N° 6.)-In defect of these, the issue of George No fame and Cecilia Stiles, his father's parents; respect Should be inheritrix in Salike land. Shak, being still had to their age and sex, (N° 7.): * To INHERSE. v. a. [in and herse.] To inthen the issue of Walter and Christian Stiles, the close in a funeral monument. parents of his paternal grandfather, (N° 8.):- Sec, where he lies in herfed in the arms then the issue of Richard and Anne Stiles, the pa. Of the most bloody nurser of his harms. Shak... Tents of his paternal grandfather's father, (N° 9.): * INHESION. n. / [inbafo, Latin.) Inberence; —and so on in the paternal grandfather's paternal the state of existing in something else. line, or blood of Walter Stiles, in infinitum. In * TO INHIBIT. v.a. [inhibeo, Lat. inhiber, Fr.), defect of these, the issue of William and Jane 1. To restrain; to hinder; to repress; to check. Smith, the parents of his paternal grandfather's –Holding of the breath doth help somewhat to mother, (N° 10.):—and so on in the paternal cease the hiccough; and vinegar put to the noftrils, grandfather's maternal line, or blood of Christian or gargarised, doth it also for that it is aftringent, Smith, in infinitum ; till both the immediate bloods and inbibitetb the motion of the spirit. Bacon's of George Stiles, the paternal grandfather, are Natural History --The stars and planets being spent. Then we must resort to the issue of Luke wbirled about with great velocity, would suddenand Frances Kempe, the parents of John Stiles, pa- ly, did nothing in bibit it, be shattered in pieces. ternal grandmother, (N° 11.):—then to the issue Ray on the Creation.—Their motions also are exof Thomas and Sarah Kempé, the parents of his cited and inhibited, are moderated and manapaternal grandmother's father, (N° 12.);-and so ged, by the objects without them. Bentley. 2. To on in the paternal grandmother's paternal line, or prohibit ; to forbid.-All men were inbibited by blood of Luke Kempe, in infinitum. In default of proclamation, at the diffolution, so much as to which, we must call in the issue of Charles and mention a parliament. Clarendon.-Burial may not Mary Holland, the parents of his paternal grand- be inbibited or denied to any one. Ayliffe. mother's mother, (N° 13.): and so on in the pa- (1.) * INHIBITION. n. l. (inhibition, Fr. inhi. ternal grandmother's maternal line, or blood of bitio, Latin.] 1. Prohibition ; embargo.--He France's Holland, in infinitum ; till both the im- might be judged to have imposed an envious inmediate bloods of Cecilia Kempe, the paternal bibition on it, because himself has not stock enough grandmother, are also spent.--Whereby the pa- to maintain the trade. Government of the Tongue. ternal blood of John Stiles entirely failing, re- 2. [In law.]-Inhibition is a writ to inhibit or for course must then, and not before, be had to his bid a judge from farther proceeding in the cause maternal relations; or the blood of the Bakers depending before him. Inhibition is moft com(N° 14, 15, 16.), Willises, (N° 17.), Thorpes, monly a writ illuing out of a higher court Christian (N° 18, 19.), and Whites, (N° 20.), in the same to a lower and inferior, upon an appeal; and regular fucceflive order as in the paternal line. prohibition out of the king's court to a court Chris. It is to be remembered, that during this whole tian, or to an inferior temporal court. Gowell. process, John Stiles is the person supposed to have (2.) INHIBITION, in Scots law, a diligence obbeen last actually feised in the estate. For if ever tained at the suit of a creditor against his debtor, it comes to be vested in any other person, as heir prohibiting him from selling or contracting debts to John Stiles, a new order of succeffion must be upon his estate to the creditor's prejudice. observed upon the death of such heir; since he, * To INHOLD. v.a. (in and hold.) To have in. by his own feign, now becomes himself an ances- herent; to contain in itself. It is disputed, whe tor, or pipes, and must be put in the place of ther this light first created be the same which John Stiles. The figures therefore denote the or- the fun inboldeth and cafteth forth, or whether it der in which the several claffes would succeed to had continuance any longer than till the sun's creJohn Stiles, and not to each other; and before we ation. Raleigh. search for an heir in any of the higher figures, INHOSPITABLE, adj. (in and hospitable.] (as N° 8.) we must first be assured that all the low. Affording no kindness nor entertainment to strane er classes (from N° 1 to 7.) were extinct at John gers.Stiles's decease. All places else * INHERITOR. n. f. (from inberit.) An heir ; Inbospitable appear, and desolate; one who receives any thing by fucceflion.-- Nor knowing us, nor know. Milton. You, like a letcher, out of whorish loins, Since toss'd from thores to shores, from lands Are pleas'd to breed out your inheritors. Shak. to lands, -The very conveyances of his lands will hardly Inhospitable rocks, and barren sands. Dryden. lie in this box; and must the inheritor himself * INHOSPITABLY. adv. (from inhospitable.) have no more? Shak.-Marriage without consent Unkindly to strangers.-of parents they do not make void, but they mulet Of guests he makes them slaves it in the inheritors; for the children of such mar- Inhospitably; and kills their infant males. Milt. riages are not admitted to inherit above a third * INHOSPITABLENESS. INHOSPITALITY. part of their parents inheritance. Bacon. n.): (in and hospitality: inhospitalité, Fr.) Want * INHERITRESS. n.4. (from inheritor.) An of hospitality ; want of courtesy to ftrangers. heiress; a woman that inherit$.-He had given * INHUMAN. adj. [inhumain, Fr, inhumanus, artificially fome hopes to Mary Anne, in beritress Latin.) Barbarous ; savage; cruel; uncompassion to the duchy of Bretagne. Bacon's Henry VII. ate.- A just war may be profecuted after a very * INHERITRIX n.). (from inberitor.) An heir- unjust manner ; by perfidious breaches of our ess. This is now more commonly used, though word, by inhuman cruelties, and by affassimations, inheritress be a word more analogicalịy English. Atterbury. The more these praises were enlarged, the a the more inhuman was the punishment, and the Each focial feeling fell, And joylefs inhumanity pervades, Thomfon. * INHUMANLY. adv. [from inhuman.] Savagely; cruelly: barbarously. O what are these Monro, published in the Medical Essays, vol. i. p. 79. "The inftrument with which the liquor is commonly thrown into the veffels is a tight eafy going fyringe of brafs, to which feveral fhort pipes are, fitted, and can be fixed by fcrews, the other extremities of thefe pipes being of different diameters without any fcrew, that they may flide into other pipes, which are fo exactly adapted to them at one end, that when they are pressed a little together, nothing can pafs between them: and because their cohesion is not fo great as to refift the pushing force of the injection, which would drive off this second pipe, and spoil the whole operation; therefore the extremity of this fecond fort of pipes, which receives the first kind, is formed on the outfide into a fquare, Death's minifters, not men: who thus deal death bounded behind and before by a rifing circle, Inhumanly to men; and multiply Ten thousand fold the fin of him who flew His brother! Milton. -I, who have established the whole fyftem of all true politeness and refinement in converfation, think myself moft inhumanly treated by my countrymen. Swift. * To INHŬMATE. TO INHUME. v. a. [inhumer, Fr. bumo, Lat.] To bury; to inter. Weeping they bear the mangled heaps of flain, Inhume the natives in their native plain. Pope. INHUMATION. n.f. in chemistry, a method of digefting fubftances, by burying the veffel in which they are contained in horfe dung or earth. INIA, two rivers of Ruffia; one of which runs into the Oby, and the other into the Lena. INIAMBI, a river of Brafil. *To INJECT. v.a. [injectus, Lat.] r. To throw in; to dart in.--Angels inje& thoughts into our minds, and know our cogitations. Glanville. 2. To throw up; to caft up. Tho' bold in open field, they yet furround The town with walls, and mound inject on mound. Pope. (1.) * INJECTION. n. f. [injection, Fr. injectio, Lat.] 1. The act of cafting in.-This falt powdered was, by the repeated injection of well-kindled charcoal, made to flafh like melted nitre. Boyle. 2. Any medicine made to be injected by a fyringe, or any other inftrument, into any part of the bo. dy. Quincy. 3. The act of filling the veffels with wax, or any other proper matter, to fhew their shapes and ramifications, often done by anatomifts. Quincy. (2.) INJECTION, in medicine, (§ 1. def. 2.) fignifies alfo the forcibly throwing certain liquid medicines into the body by a fyringe, tube, clyfterpipe, of the like. (3.) INJECTION, in furgery, the throwing in fome liquor or medicine into a vein opened by incifion. This practice, and that of TRANSFUSION, or the conveying the arterial blood of one man, or other animal, into another, were once greatly practifed, but are now very properly laid afide. (4.) INJECTION, ANATOMICAL, the filling the veffels of a human, or other animal body, with fome coloured fubftance, in order to make their figures and ramifications vifible. I. INJECTION OF THE BLOOD-VESSELS. The beft account of the method of injecting the fanguiferous veffels of animals, is that by the late Dr which hinders the key, that closely grafps the fquare part, from fliding backwards or forwards; or a bar of brafs mult stand out from each fide of it to be held with the fingers. The other extremity of each of thefe fecond fort of pipes is of different diameter; and near it a circular notch, capable of allowing a thread to be funk into it, is formed; by this, the thread tying the vessel at which the injection is to be made, will not be allowed to flide off. Befides this form described, common to all this fecond fort of pipes, we ought to have fome of the larger ones, with an additional mechanism, for particular purposes; as, for inftance, when the larger veffels are injected, the pipe fastened into the veffel ought either to have a valve or a stop-cock, that may be turned at pleafure, to hinder any thing to get out from the veffel by the pipe; otherwife, as the injection, in fuch a cafe, takes time to coagulate, the people employed in making the injection muft either continue all that while in the fame pofture; or, if the fyringe is too foon taken off, the injected liquor runs out, and the larger veffels are emptied. When the fyringe is not large enough to hold at once all the liquor neceffary to fill the veffels, there is a neceffity of filling it again. If, in order to do this, the fyringe was to be taken off from the pipe fixed in the veffel, fome of the injection would be loft, and what was expofed to the air would cool and harden; therefore fome of the pipes ought to have a reflected curve tube coming out of their fide, with a valve fo difpofed, that no liquor can come from the straight pipe into the crooked one, but on the contrary, may be allowed to pass from the crooked to the ftraight one: the injector then, taking care to keep the extremity of the reflected pipe immerfed in the liquor to be injected, may, as foon as he has pushed out the first fyringeful, fill it again by only drawing back the fucker; and, repeating this quickly, will be able to throw feveral fyringefuls into the veffels. All thefe different forts of pipes are commonly made of brafs. The liquors thrown into the vessels, with a defign to fill the small capillary tubes, are either fuch as will incorporate with water, or fuch as are oily; both kinds have their advantages and inconveniences; which I fhall mention in treating of each, and shall conclude with that which I have found by experi ence to fucceed beft. All the different kinds of glue, or ichthyocolla, fyths, common glue, &c. diffolved and pretty much diluted, mix easily with the the mimal fluids, which is of great advantage; and will pafs into very fmall veffels of a well-chofen and prepared fubject, and often answer the intention fufficiently, where the defign is only to prepare fome very fine membrane, on which no vellels can be expected to be feen fo large as the eye can difcover whether the tranfverfe fections of the veffels would be circular, or if their fides are collafped. But when the larger veffels are alfo to be prepared, there is a manifeft difadvantage to the ufefulness and beauty of the preparation; for if nothing but the glutinous liquor is injected, one cannot keep a fubject fo long as the glue takes of becoming firm; and therefore, in diffecting the injected part, feveral veffels will probably be cut and emptied. To prevent this, one may indeed either foak the part well in alcohol, which coagu lates the glue; but then it becomes fo brittle, that the least handling makes it crack; and if the preparation is to be kept, the larger veffels ap-, pear quite fhrivelled, when the watery part of the injection is evaporated: or the efflux of the injeçtion may be prevented, by carefully tying every veffel before we are obliged to cut it; ftill, however, that does not hinder the veffels to contract when the glue is drying. If, to obviate thefe diféculties, the glutinous liquor should first be in jected in fuch quantity as the capillary veffels will contain, and the common oily or waxy injection pufhed in afterwards to keep the larger veffels Ctended, the wax is very apt to harden before it has run far enough; the two forts of liquors never ids to mix irregularly, and the whole appears interrupted and broken by their foon feparating from each other; which is ftill more remarkable afterwards, when the watery particles are evaporated. Spirit of wine coloured mixes with water and oils, and fo far is proper to fill the very fmaller veffels with: but, on the other hand, it coagulates any of our liquor it meets, which fometimes blocks up the veffels fo much, that no more injection will pafs; then it scarce will fufpend fome the powders that prove the most durable colours; and as it entirely evaporates, the veffels auft become very fmall; and the fmall quantity powder left, having nothing to ferve for consecting its particles together, generally is feen fo aterrupted, that the small ramifications of veffels ather have the appearances of random fcratches of a pencil, than of regular continued canals. Melted tallow, with a little mixture of oil of turpentine, may fometimes be made to fill very small vels, and keep the larger ones at a full ftretch; but where any quantity of the animal liquors are in the veffels, it is liable to stop too foon, and ver can be introduced into numbers of veffels ich other liquors enter; and it is so brittle, that y little handling makes it crack, and thereby Fenders the preparation very ugly. The method I have always fucceeded beft with, in making what may be called fubtile or fine injections, is, firft to throw in coloured oil of tupentine, in fuch a quantity as might fill the very small veffels; and mediately after, to push the common coarse injeon into the larger ones. The oil is fubtile tough to enter rather smaller capillary tubes than by colouring can; its refinous parts, which reman after the fpirituous are evaporated, give a fufficient adhesion to the particles of the substance with which it is coloured, to keep them from feparating, and it intimately incorporates with the coarfer injection; by which, if the injection is rightly managed, it is impoffible for the fharpeft eye to difcover that two forts have been made ufe of. All the liquors with which the veffels of animals are artificially filled, having very faint, and near the fame colours, would not all appear in the very fmall veffels, because of their becoming entirely diaphanous, without a mixture of some subftance to impart its colour to them; and where feveral forts of even the largest veffels of any part were filled, one fort could not be diftinguished from another, unless the colour of each was different; which has likewise a good effect in making preparations more beautiful. Wherefore anatomifts have made ufe of a variety of such substances, according to their different fancies or intentions; fuch as gamboge, faffron, ink, burnt ivory, &c. which can be eafily procured from painters. My defign being only to confider thofe that are fit to be mixed with the injecting liquors proposed to fill capillary veffels, which is fcarce ever to be done in any other, except the branches of the arteries and of fome veins, I fhall confine myself to the common colours employed to these last named two forts of veffels, which colours are red, green, and fometimes blue, without mentioning the others, which require very little choice. Anatomifts have, I imagine, proposed to imitate the natural colours of the arteries and veins in a living creature, by filling the arteries with a red fubftance, and the veins with a blue or green: from which, however, there are other advantages, fuch as the ftrong reflection which fuch bodies make of the rays of light, and the unaptnefs most such bodies have to tranfmit the fame rays, without at leaft a confiderable reflection of the rays peculiar to themselves; or, in other words, their unfitness to become completely pellucid; without which, the very fine. veffels, after being injected, would ftill be imperceptible. The animal or vegetable fubftances made ufe of for colouring injections, fuch as cochineal, laque, rad. anchufa, Brazil wood, indigo, &c. have all one general fault of being liable to run into little knots which stop fome of the veffels; their colour fades fooner when kept dry; they more eafily yield their tincture when the parts are preferved in a liquor; and rats, mice, and infects will take them for food: for which reasons, though I have frequently fucceeded in injecting them, I rather prefer the mineral kind, fuch as minium or vermilion for red; of which this laft is, in my opinion, the best, because it gives the brighteft colour, and is commonly to be bought finely levigated. The green-coloured powder generally ufed is verdigreafe; but I rather choose that preparation of it called diftilled verdigreafe; becaufe its colour is brighter, and it does not fo often run into fmall knots as the common verdigrease, but diffolves in the oily liquors. The method of preparing the injection composed of these materials, is to take for the fine one, a pound of clear oil of turpentine, which is gradually poured on three ounces of vermilion, or diftilled verdigreafe finely powdered, or rather well levigated by grinding on marble; ftir them well with a small wooden as, if the water is too hot, the veffels shrink, an the blood coagulates. From time to time w fqueeze out the liquids as much as poffible at th cut vessel by which the injection is to be throw in. The time this maceration is to be continued is always in proportion to the age of the fubjec the bulk and thickness of what we defign to injec and the quantity of blood we obferve in the ve fels, which can only be learned by experience; leaft, however, care ought to be taken, that th whole fubject, or part macerated, is perfectly we warmed all through; and that we continue th preffure with our hands till no more blood can b brought away, whatever pofition we put the fub ject in. When the fyringe, injections, and fub ject, are all in readiness, one of the fecond fort e pipes is chofen, as near to the diameter of the ve fel by which the injection is to be thrown as po fible; for if the pipe is too large, it is almoft need lefs to tell, it cannot be introduced. If the pip is much smaller than the vessel, it is fcarce poff ble to tie them fo firmly together, but, by th wrinkling of the coats of the veffel, fome fma paffage will be left, by which part of the injectio will fpring back on the injector in the time of th operation, and the neareft veffel remain afterward undifended, by the lofs of the quantity that ooze out. Having chofen a fit pipe, it is introduce at the cut orifice of the veffel, or at an incifio made in the fide of it; and then a waxed threa being brought round the veffel, as near to it coats as poffible, by the help of a needle, or a flex ible eyed probe, the furgeon's knot is made wit the thread, and it is drawn as firmly as the threa can allow; taking care that it fhall be funk int the circular notch of the pipe all round, otherwi it will very eafily flide off, and the pipe will b brought out probably in the time of the operation which ruins it. If there have been large veffe cut, which communicate with the veffels you de fign to inject, or if there are any others proceed wooden spatula till they are exactly mixed, then - ftrain all through a fine linen rag. The separation of the groffer particles is, however, rather better -made, by pouring fome ounces of the oil upon the powder, and, after stirring them together ftrong ly, ftop rubbing with the spatula for a fecond or fo, and pour off into a clean veffel the oil with the vermilion or verdigrease suspended in it; and continue this fort of operation till you obferve no more of the powder come off; and all that remains is granulated. The coarfer injection is thus prepared: Take tallow, 1 lb. wax, bleached white, 5 oz. fallad oil, 3 oz. melt them in a skillet put over a lamp: then add Venice turpentine, 2 oz. and as foon as this is diffolved, gradually sprinkle in of vermilion or verdigreafe prepared, 3 oz. then pafs all through a clean, dry, warmed linen cloth, to feparate all the groffer particles; and, when you defign to make it run far into the veffels, fome oil of turpentine may be added immediately before it is used. The next thing to be confidered, and indeed what chiefly contributes to the fuccefs of injections, is the choice and preparation of the subject whofe veffels are to be filled. In choosing a fit fubject, take these few general rules: 1. The younger the creature to be injected is, the injection will, cæteris paribus, go fartheft, and vice verfa. 2. The more the creature's fluids have been diffolved and exhausted in life, the fuccefs of the operation will be greater. 3. The lefs folid the part defigned to be injected is, the more veffels will be filled. 4. The more membranous and transparent parts are, the injection shows better; whereas, in the folid very hard parts of a rigid old creature, that has died with its veffels full of thick ftrong blood, it is fearce poffible to inject great numbers of small veffels. Therefore, in preparing a fubject for injecting, the principal things to be aimed at are, To diffolve the fluids, empty the veffels of them, relax the folids, and prevent the injection's coagulating too foon. To anfwer all thefe intentions, authors have proposed to injecting from the fame trunk, which you do not re tepid or warm water by the arteries, till it returns clear and untinged by the veins, and the vessels are thereby fo emptied of blood, that all the parts appear white; after which they pufh out the water by forcing in air; and laftly, by preffing with their hands, they fqueeze the air alfo out. After this preparation, one can indeed inject very fubtilely; but generally there are inconveniences attending it. For in all the parts where there is a remarkable tunica cellulofa, it never miffes to be full of the water, which is apt to fpoil any parts defigned to be preferved either wet or dry; and fome particles of the water feldom mifs to be mix. ed in the larger as well as the fmaller veffels with the oily injection, and make it appear difcontinued and broken: wherefore, it is much better to let this injection of water alone, if it can be poffibly avoided, and rather to macerate the body or part to be injected a confiderable time in water, made fo warm as one can hold his hand eafily in it; taking care to keep it of an equal warmth all the time, by taking out fome of the water as it cools, and pouring in hot water in its place; by which the veffels will be fufficiently foftened and relaxed, the blood will be melted down, and the injection can be in no danger of hardening too foon; where folve to fill, let them be all carefully now tied up to fave the injected liquor, and make the opera tion fucceed better in the view you then have When all this is done, both forts of injections ar to be warmed over a lamp, taking care to fi them conftantly, left the colouring powder fall t the bottom and burn. The oil of turpentine need be made no warmer than will allow the finger t remain in it, if the fubject has been previously we warmed in water; when the maceration has no been made, the oil ought to be fealding hot, tha it may warm all the parts which are defigned t be injected. The coarfe injection ought to b brought near to a boiling. In the mean time, ha ving wrapt feveral folds of linen round the part of the fyringe which the operator is to gripe, an fecured the linen with thread, the fyringe is to made very hot by fucking boiling water fever times up, and the pipe within the veffel is to warmed by applying a sponge dipped in watt water to it. After all is ready, the fyringe bein cleared of the water, the injector fills it with finer injection; and then introducing the pipe the fyringe into that in the veffel, he preffes the together, and either with one hand holds this la pipe firm, with the other gripes the fyringe, and wit |