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them, and plundered them of a prodigious mass of money. Those who escaped at length reached Jerufalem, vifited all the holy places, and bedewed the ruins of many churches with their tears, giving money for their reparation. They intended to have bathed in the Jordan; but being prevented by the roving Arabs, they embarked on board a Genoefe fleet at Joppa, and landed at Brundufium, whence they travelled through Apulia to Rome; where, after the ufual devotions, they feparated, and returned each to his own country. When Ingulph and his company reached Normandy, they were reduced to 20 half-ftarved wretches, without money, cloaths, or horfes. Ingulph was now fo much difgufted with the world, that he refolved to forfake it, and became a monk in the abbey of Fontenelle in Normandy; in which, after fome years, he was advanced to the office of prior. When William was preparing for his expedition into England, in 1066, he was fent by his abbot, with 100 merks of money, and 12 young men, nobly mounted, and completely armed, as a prefent from their abbey. Ingulph prefented his men and money to his prince, who received him very graciously, and made him governor of the rich abbey of Croyland in Lincolnshire, in 1076; in which he spent the laft 34 years of his life, governing that fociety with great prudence, and protecting their poffeffions from the rapacity of the neighbouring barons by the royal favour. The lovers of English history and antiquities are much indebted to this learned abbot, for his excellent bitory of the abbey of Croyland, from its foundation, A. D. 664, to 1091, into which he has introduced much of the general hiftory of the kingdom, with many curious anecdotes nowhere elfe to be found. Ingulph died of the gout, at his abbey, in 1109, aged 79.

INGULSK, a town of Ruffia, on the Ingul. 7 INGURGITATE. v. a. [ingurgito, Lat.] To fwallow down. Di&.

*INGURGITATION. n.f. [from ingurgitate.] The act of fwallowing.

INGURTY, a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda, 12 miles SE. of Warangole.

INGUSTABLE. adj. [in and gufto, Latin.] Not perceptible by the tafte. As for their tafte, of the cameleon's nutriment be air, neither can the tongue be an inftrument thereof; for the body of the element is inguftable, void of all sapidity, and without any action of the tongue, is, by the rough artery, or wizzen, conducted into the lungs. Brocon.

INGWEILLER, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Rhine, on the Motter, 21 miles NNW. of Strafburg.

INHABILE. adj. [inhabile, French; inhabi-
Latin.] Unfkilful; unready; unfit; unquali-

They fay, wild beasts inhabit here; But grief and wrong fecure my fear. Waller. * INHABITABLE. adj. [from inhabit.] 1. Capable of affording habitation.-The fixed ftars are all of them funs, with fyftems of inhabitable planets moving about them. Locke. 2. [Inhabita ble, French.] Incapable of inhabitants; not habitable; uninhabitable. Not in use.

Shak.

The frozen ridges of the Alps, Or any other ground inhabitable. * INHABITANCE. n. f. [from inhabit.] Refidence of dwellers.-So the ruins yet refting in the wild moors, teftify a former inhabitance. Carew.

* INHABITANT. n. /. (from inhabit.] Dweller; one that lives or refides in a place.—In this place they report that they faw inhabitants, which were very fair and fat people. Abbot. If the feryour of the fun were the fole caufe of blackness in any land of negroes, it were alfo reasonable that inhabitants of the fame latitude, fubjected unto the fame vicinity of the fun should also partake of the fame hue. Brown

For his fuppofed love, a third
Lays greedy hold upon a bird,
And ftands amaz'd to find his dear
A wild inhabitant of th' air.

Waller.

What happier natures fhrink at with affright,
The hard inhabitant contends is right. Pope.
* INHABITATION. n. f. [from inhabit.] 1.
Habitation; place of dwelling.-
Univerfal groan,

Milton.

As if the whole inhabitation perish'd. 2. The act of inhabiting orplanting with dwellings; ftate of being inhabited.-By knowing this place, we fhall the better judge of the beginning of nations, and of the world's inhabitation. Raleigh. 3. Quantity of inhabitants. We fhall ra ther admire how the earth contained its inhabitation than doubt it. Brown.

*INHABITER. n. f. [from inhabit.] One that inhabits; a dweller.-The same name is given to the inlanders, or midland inhabiters, of this island. -Brown.-Woe to the inhabiters of the earth. Rev. viii. 13.-They ought to underfland, that there is not only fome inhabiter in this divine houfe, but alfo fome ruler. Derham.

* To INHALE. v. a. (inhalo, Lat.] To draw in with air; to inspire: opposed to exhale or expire-Martin was walking forth to inhale the fresh breeze of the evening. Arbuthnot and Pope.

But from the breezy deep the bleft inhale The fragrant murmurs of the western gale. Pope. There fits the fhepherd on the grafly turf, Inhaling healthful the defcending fun. Thomf. INHALER, n.f. in medicine, a machine for breathing in warm steams into the lungs, recommended by Mr Mudge in the cure of the catarrhous cough. The body of the inftrument holds about a pint; and the handle, which is fixed to (1.) * To INHABIT. v. a. [habito, Latin] To the fide of it, is hollow. In the lower part of the well in; to hold as a dweller.-Not all are par- veffel, where it is foldered to the handle, is a hole, takers of that grace whereby Chrift inhabiteth by means of which, and three others on the upwhom he faveth. Hooker.-They fhall build hou- per part of the handle, the water, when it is pourfes and inhabit them. Ifaiah. She fhall be inhabited into the inhaler, will rife to the fame level in ed of devils. Baruch.

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(2.) To INHABIT. v. n. To dwell; to live. Learn what creatures there inhabit. Milton. VOL. XII. PART I.

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there is a valve fixed, which opens and fhuts the communication between the upper and internal part of the inhaler and the external air. When the mouth is applied to the end of the tube in the - act of inspiration, the air rufhes into the handle, and up through the body of warm water, and the Jungs become, confequently, filled with hot vapours. In expiration, the mouth being ftill fixed to the tube, the breath, together with the fteam on the furface of the water in the inhaler, is forced up through the valve in the cover. In this manner, therefore, the whole act of refpiration is performed through the inhaler, without the neceffity, in the act of expiration, of either breathing through the nofe, or removing the pipe from

the mouth.

INHAMBANE or INNANBAM, a kingdom of ! Africa, in Monomotapa, fituated about Lon. 30° E. and Lat. 24° S.

INHAMOR, a town and district of Monomotapa. Lon. 31. 20. E. Lat. 17. 30. S.

INHAMPURA, a river of Inhambane. INHAQUA, a town and fort of Inhambane, belonging to the Portuguese.

INHAQUEA, a town of Africa, in Sofala.

INHARMONIOUS. adj. [in and harmonious.] Unmufical; not fweet of found. Catullus, though his lines be rough, and his numbers inharmonious, I could recommend for the foftnefs and delicacy, but muft decline for the loofenefs, of his thoughts. Felton.-The identity of found may appear a little inharmonious, and fhock the ear. Broome.

*To INHERE. v. n. [inhæreo, Latin.] To exift in fomething else.

For, nor in nothing, nor in things Extreme and scattering bright, can love inhere.

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Donne. -They do but inhere in their fubject which fupports them; their being is a dépendence on a fubject. Digby on Bodies.

* INHERENT. adj. [inherent, Fr. inhærens, Lat.] 1. Exifting in fomething else, so as to be infeparable from it.

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Left I furceafe to honour mine own truth; And, my body's action, teach my mind A moft inherent bafenefs. Shak. 2. Naturally conjoined; innate; inborn.—I mean not the authority which is annexed to your of fice: I fpeak of that only which is inborn and inberent to your perfon. Dryden.-The power of drawing iron is one of the ideas of a load-ftone; and a power to be fo drawn is a part of the complex one of iron; which powers pafs for inherent qualities. Locke.-Animal oil is various according to the principles inherent in it. Arbuthnot.-They will be fure to decide in favour of themselves, and talk much of their inherent right. Swift.-The ideas of fuch modes can be no more fubfiftent, than the idea of redness was juft now found to be inherent in the blood, or that of whitenefs in the brain. Bentley. The obligations we are under of diftinguishing ourselves as much by an inherent and habitual, as we are already diftinguifhed by an external and relative holiness. Bentley. *To INHERIT. v. a. [inheriter, Fr.); 1. To receive or possess by inheritance.

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Prince Harry is valiant; for the cold blood h did naturally inherit of his father he hath, lik lean, fterile land, manured with excellent good ftore of fertile fherris. Shak.-Bleffed are the meek, for they fhall inherit the earth. Mat.-The fon can receive from his father good things, with out empire, that was vefted in him for the good of others; and therefore the fon cannot claim of inherit it by a title, which is founded wholly or his own private good. Locke.-We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims came by his authority, before we can know who has a right to fucceed him in it, and inberit it from him. Locke.-Unwilling to fell an eftate he had fome prospect of inheriting, he formed delays. Addifen. 2. To poffefs; to obtain poffeflion of; in Shakespeare. Not ufed.

I

He, that had wit, would think that I had

none,

To buy fo much gold under a tree,

And never after to inherit it.

Shak

* INHERITABLE. adj. [from inherit.] Traní miffible by inheritance; obtainable by fucceffion A kind of inheritable eftate accrued unto them. Carew. By the ancient laws of the realm, they were not inkeritable to him by defcent. Hayward. -Was the power the fame and from the fame original in Mofes as it was in David? And was it inheritable in one and not in the other? Locke. (1.) * INHERITANCE. n. f. [from inherit.] 1. Patrimony; hereditary poffeffion.

When the fon dies, let the inheritance
Defcend unto the daughter.

Shak

Is there yet any portion of inheritance for us in our father's houfe? Gen. xxxi. 14.—

Claim our juft inheritance of old.

Milton

Oh dear, unhappy babe! must I bequeath thee,

Only a fad inheritance of woe?

Gods! cruel gods! can't all my pains atone,
Unless they reach my infant's guiltless head?

Smith. 2. The reception of poffeffion by hereditary right.

Men are not proprietors of what they have merely for themselves, their children have a title to part of it, which comes to be wholly theirs, when death has put an end to their parents use of it: and this we call inheritance. Locke. 3. In Shakespeare, poffeffion.

You will rather show our general lowts How you can frown, than spend a fawn upon them,

For the inheritance of their loves, and safeguard Of what that want might ruin. Shak (2.) INHERITANCE, (§ 1. def. 1.) in law, is perpetual right or intereft in lands, invefted in perfon and his heirs.

(3.) INHERITANCES, LAW OF. The doctrine of DESCENTS, or law of inheritances, in fee fimple, is a point of the highest importance: (See FEE, § II. i.) All the rules relating to purchases, where by the legal course of descents is broken and al

tered,

tered, perpetually refer to this settled law of in- ceased (whose inheritance is now claimed) was heritance, as a first principle universally known, the last person actually feised thereof. For the law and upon which their fubfequent limitations are requires this notoriety of poffeffion, as evidence to work. Thus a gift in tail, or to a man and that the ancestor had that property in himself, the heirs of his body, is a limitation that cannot be which is now to be transmited to his heir. Which perfe&tly understood, without a previous know. notoriety hath succeeded in the place of the anledge of the law of descents in fee firnple. One cient feudal investiture, whereby, while feuds were may perceive, that this is an eftate confined in its precarious, the vafsal on the descent of lands was descent to fuch heirs only of the donee as have formerly admitted to the lord's court (as is still sprung, or shall spring from his body: but who the practice in Scotland); and therefore received those heirs are, whether all his children both male his feifin, in the nature of a renewal of his ancef-: and female, or the male only, and (among the tor's grant, in the presence of the feodal peers ; males) whether the eldest, youngest, or other fon till at length, when the right of succession became alone, or all the fons together, thal be his heir; indefeasible, an entry on any part of the lands this is a point that we must resort back to the within the county (which, if disputed, was afterstanding law of descents in fee fimple to be inform- wards to be tried by those peers), or other notoed of. And as this depends on the nature of kin- rious poffeflion, was admitted as equivalent to dred, and the several degrees of consanguinity, we the formal grant of feifin, and made the tenant refer the reader to the article CONSANGUINITY, capable of transmitting his estate by descent. The ( II. 1, 2.) where the true notion of this kindred seisin of any person, thus understood, makes him or alliance in blood is particularly stated. We the root or stock from which all future inheritance mall here exhibit a series of rules of inheritance, by right of blood must be derived; which is very with illustrations, according to which, by the law briefly expressed in this maxim, Seifina facit Ripie of England, eftates are transmitted from the an. tem. When therefore a person dies so seised, cestor to the heir. 1. “ Inheritances shall lineally the inheritance first goes to his issue: as if there defcend to the issue of the person last actually be Geoffrey, John, and Matthew, grandfather, feised in infinitum, but shall never lineally ascend." father, and fon; and John purchases lands, To understand both this and the subsequent rules, and dies; his son Matthew shall succeed him as it must be observed, that by law no inheritance heir, and not the grandfather Geoffrey ; to whom can vest, nor can any person be the actual com- the land shall never ascend, but shall rather efplete heir of another, till the ancestor is previ. cheat to the lord. 2. “ The male issue fhall be ouny dead. Nemo est hæres viventis. Before that admitted before the female.” Thus, fons shall time, the person who is next in the line of succes- be admitted before daughters: or, as our male fion is called heir apparent or heir presumptive. lawgivers have somewhat uncomplaisantly expres.. Heirs apparent are such whose right of inheritance sed it, the worthiest of blood shall be preferred. is indeafeasible, provided they outlive the ances. As if John Stiles had two sons, Matthew and Giltor; as the eldest son of his issue, who must, by bert; and two daughters, Margaret and Charlotte, te course of the common law, be heirs to the fa- and dies ; first Matthew, and (in case of his death ther whenever he happens to die. Heirs presump- without issue) then Gilbert shall be admitted to tive are such, who, if the ancestor should die im- the succession in preference to both the daughters. mediately, would in the present circumstances of 3.“ Where there are two or more males in equal things be his heirs; but whose right of inherit- degree, the eldest only shall inherit; but the fe. ance may be defeated by the contingency of fome males all together.” As, if a man hath two sons, nearer heir being born : as a brother or nephew, Matthew and Gilbert, and two daughters, Marwhose presumptive succession may be destroyed garet and Charlotte, and dies; Matthew his eldest by the birth of a child; or a daughter, whose pre. Ion fhall alone succeed to his estate, in exclusion fent hopes may be hereafter cut off by the birth of Gilbert the second son and both the daughters; of a son. Nay, even if the estate hath descended, but if both the fons die without issue before the by the death of the owner, to such a brother, or father, the daughters Margaret and Charlotte shall nephew, or daughter; in the former cases, the ef- both inherit the estate as coparceners. 4." The tate shall be divested and taken away by the birth lineal descendants, in infinitum, of any person deof a posthumous child; and, in the latter, it shall ceased, shall represent their ancestor; that is, shall also be totally divested by the birth of a posthu- ftand in the same place as the person himself would mous son. We must also remember, that no per- have done had he been living.”—Thus the child, son can be properly such an ancestor as that an grandchild, or great grandchild (either male or feinberitance in lands or tenements can be derived male), of the eldest son, succeeds before the younfrom him, unless he hath had an actual seilin of such ger son, and so in infinitum. And these represenlands, either by his own entry, or by the pofleflion tatives Mall take neither more nor less, but just of his own or his ancestor's lefsee for years, or by so much as their principals would have done. As receiving rent from a leslee of the freehold: or un- if there be two fifters, Margaret and Charlotte; lels be hath what is equivalent to corporal seisin and Margaret dies, leaving fix daughters; and in bereditaments that are incorporal ; such as the then John Stiles the father of the two fifters dies receipt of rent, a presentation to the chuch in without other issue; these fix daughters shall take case of an advowlou, and the like. But he shall among them exactly the same as their mother Marnot be accounted an ancestor who hath had only garet would have done, had Me been living; that a bare right or title to enter or be otherwise seif. is, a moiety of the lands of John Stiles in copared. And therefore all the cases which will be cenary; so that, upon partition made, if the land mentioned, are upon the supposition that the de. be divided into 12 parts, thereof Charlotte the

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furviving fifter shall have fix, and her fix nieces, the daughters of Margaret, one a-piece. 5. "On failure of lineal defcendants, or iffue, of the perfon laft feifed, the inheritance shall defcend to the blood of the first purchafer; fubject to the three preceding rules." Thus, if Geoffrey Stiles purchases land, and it defcends to John Stiles his fon, and Jon: dies ieifed thereof without iffue; whoever fucceeds to this inheritance must be of the blood of Geoffrey, the first purchaser of this family. The first purchafer, perquifitor, is he who firft acquired the eftate to his family, whether the fame was transferred to him by fal, or by gift, or by any other method, except orly that of defcent. 6. "The collateral heir of the perfon iaft feifed must be his next collateral kinfman of the whole blood." First, he must be his next collateral kinfman either perfona ly or jure reprefentationis; which proximity is reckoned according to the canonical degrees of confanguinity. See CONSANGUINITY, II. 1. Therefore the brother being in the firit degree, he and his defcendants fhall exclude the uncle and his issue, who is only in the fecond. Thus, if John Stiles dies without iffue, his estate shall defcend to Francis his brother, who is lineally defcended from Geofrey Stiles, his next immediate anceftor or father. On failure of brethren or fifters and their iffue, it shall defcend to the uncle of John Stiles, the lineal descendant of his grandfather George; and to on in infinitum. But 2dly, the heir need not be the neareff kinfman abfolutely, but only ub modo; that is, he must be the nearest kinfman of the whole blood: for if there be a much nearer kinfman of the half blood, a distant kinfman of the whole blood fhall be admitted, and the other entirely excluded.—A kinfman of the whole blood is he that is derived, not only from the fame anceftor, but from the fame couple of ancestors. For as every man's own blood is compounded of the bloods of his refpective ancestors, he only is properly of the whole or entire blood with another who hath (fo far as the distance of degrees will permit) all the fame ingredients in the compofition of his blood that the other hath. Thus the blood of John Stiles being compofed of thofe of Geoffrey Stiles his father and Lucy Baker his mother, therefore, his brother Francis, being defcended from both the fame parents, hath entirely the fame blood with John Stiles; or he is his brother of the whole blood. But if, after the death of Geoffrey, Luey Baker the mother marries a fecond husband, Lewis Gay, and hath issue by him; the blood of this iffue, being compounded of the blood of Lucy Baker on the one part, hut that of Lewis Gay on the other part, it hath therefore only half the fame ingredients with that of John Stiles; fo that he is only his brother of the half blood, and for that reafon they fhall never inherit to each other. So alfo, if the father has two fons, A and B, by different wives; these two brethren are not brethren of the whole blood, and therefore fhall never inherit to each other, but the eftate fhall rather efcheat to the lord. Nay, even if the father dies, and his lands descend to his eldest fon A, who enters thereon, and dies feited without iffue; ftill B hall not be heir to this estate, becaufe he is only of the half blood to A, the perfon laft feifed;

but had A died without entry, then B might have inherited; not as heir to A his half-brother, but as heir to their common father, who was the perfon laft actually feifed. The rule, then, amounts to this: That to keep the eftate of John Stiles as nearly as poffible in the line of his purchafing anceffor, it must defcend to the iffue of the neareft couple of ancestors that have left defcendants behind them; because the defcendants of one anceftor only are not fo likely to be in the line of that purchafing ancestor as thofe who are defcended from two. But here a difficulty arifes. In the 2d, 3d, 4th, and every fuperior degree, every man has many couples of ancestors, increafing accerding to the distances in a geometrical progreffion upwards: (See CONSANGUINITY, § II. 2.) the defcendants of all which respective couples are (reprefentatively) related to him in the fame degree. Thus, in the 2d degree, the iffue of George and Cecilia Stiles and of Andrew and Efther Baker, two grandfires and grandmothers of John Stiles, are each in the fame degree of propinquity; in the 3d degree, the respective iffues of Walter and Chriftian Stiles, of Luke and Francis Kempe, of Herbert and Hannah Baker, and of James and Emma Thorpe, are (upon the extinction of the two inferior degrees) all equally entitled to cal themfelves the next kindred of the whole blood to John Stiles. To which therefore of these an cestors must we first resort, to find out descen dants to be preferably called to the inheritance In anfwer to this, and to avoid the confufion and un certainty that might arife between the several stock wherein the purchafing anceftor may be fought for 7. The 7th and laft rule is, "That in collatera inheritances the male ftocks fhall be preferred to the female (that is, kindred derived from the blood of the male ancestors fhall be admitted before thot from the blood of the female ;)-unlefs where the lands have in fact defcended from a female."Thus the relations on the father's fide are admit ted in infinitum, before thofe of the mother's fid are admitted at all; and the relations of the fa ther's father, before thofe of the father's mother and fo on. For the original and progrefs of the abov canons, the reafons upon which they are founded and their agreement with the laws of other nations fee Blackstone's Commentaries, vol. ii. We fhall con clude with exemplifying the rules themfelves by a fhort sketch of the manner in which we mui fearch for the heir of a person, as John Stiles, wh dies feifed of land which he acquired, and whic therefore he held as a feud of indefinite antiquity See the TABLE, Plate CXCIV. In the first plac fucceeds the eldest fon, Matthew Stiles, or his i fue, (N° 1.)-if his line be extinct, then Gilber Stiles and the other fons refpectively, in order birth, or their iffue, (N° 2.):—in default of these all the daughters together, Margaret and Cha lotte Stiles, or their iffue, (N° 3.);-On the fai ure of the defcendants of John Stiles himfelf, th iffue of Geoffrey and Lucy Stiles, his parents, called in viz. firft, Francis Stiles, the eldeft bre ther of the whole blood, or his iffue, (N° 4.) then Oliver Stiles, and the other whole brother refpectively, in order of birth, or their illu (N° 5.):-then the fifters of the whole blood a together, Bridget and Alice Stiles, or their iffu

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