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crew, nobly perished off Kingstown Harbour, in the endeavour to save the struggling crew of a vessel which had been blown upon the Eastern Pier during one of the greatest hurricanes known to modern times. The captain and his boat's crew were overwhelmed by a gigantic wave just as the former, in advance of his men, was in the act of throwing a line on board the doomed vessel. Captain Boyd is represented by the sculptor exactly as he appeared on that fatal occasion. The portrait, as such, could not have been more admirably executed.

Hard by is a touching memorial to the officers and men of the famous 18th Royal Irish Regiment, who fell during the horrors of the Indian Mutiny. It is most feelingly and appropriately decorated with the tattered colours of the regiment, which have waved in the winds of every quarter of the globe; but it is not to the action of the elements that their present shattered condition may be traced.

manner.

I would not be doing my duty to the honoured dead if I failed to draw attention to the very chaste and beautiful stone pulpit, which is in itself a memorial to a churchman whose name, even in our own days, is associated with the history of the Cathedral, and that in no slight Benjamin Lee Guinness, considering all that had been done for the conservation of the venerable pile by his friend, Dean Packenham, caused this noble work to be presented to the Chapter, peculiarly in memoriam of that dignitary, who for years and at great personal expense, had laboured at a work which he himself, however, as we have seen, was to accomplish.

One of the minor "curiosities " of the place is a cannon-ball, suspended from a wall, with which Adam Loftus, Lord Lisburn, was killed in 1691, during the siege of Limerick. Adjoining it is the modelled figure of a boar's head, the crest of that family. Amongst the traditional errors in the history of St. Patrick's were the following, which were corrected by the author of "Scenes in Ireland"—viz., that the ball here alluded to was the same by which General St. Ruth was slain at the battle of Aughrim; that the model of the wolf's head, hard by, was the very identical caput for which, in 1710, one hundred pounds were said to be paid to the supposed killer of this the last wolf known to exist in Ireland; and that the great organ had been captured from a ship of the Armada, and presented to the Cathedral by the Duke of Ormonde.

CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL.

We shall now wend our way to Christ Church, a second cathedral curiously enough belonging to the See of Dublin, the one in close proximity to the other. According to the unfortunate Archbishop

Allen the anomaly was reconciled "by uniting St. Patrick's with the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in one spouse, reserving to the other Church the prerogative of honour." The site upon which this historic structure stands was in all probability the centre of the old Celtic dun, rath, or fortification which commanded a pass of the Liffey, near which that part of the river called in Gaelic, Dubh Linn, or the "dark pool," was conspicuous; and from which the capital of Ireland derives its

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now generally accepted name. In course of time the Danish, o rather Scandinavian invaders of Ireland would seem to have supplanted the original possessors of this citadel. Whenever the soil in the neighbourhood of the Church is opened, innumerable relics of former habitation of the spot are invariably discovered in the peat, which, to a depth of many feet, here underlies the accumulations of city debris, and

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in the streets, the way-making of many centuries, pins, brooches, and other antiquities composed of bronze, here so often found, are probably relics of the more primitive population, while near the surface occur strangely formed objects of war, or of the chase, curiously fashioned articles of fishing gear, and combs, such as have often been noticed in the tumuli of Norwegian or other Teutonic people. It has been stated, but upon very unreliable authority, that in the time of St. Patrick the eminence was occupied, in part at least, by a series of vaults constructed for the accommodation of merchants, and used by them as storehouses for their goods. In one of these fancied crypts, which is said to have occupied the site of the present Cathedral, St. Patrick is asserted to have celebrated mass. Christ Church was founded by Sitric Mac Amlave, king of Dublin, and Donatus, a Danish Archbishop, in the year 1038, and was completed in the following century by Richard Strongbow, Raymond Le Gros, Robert Fitzstephen, and Laurence O'Toole, the Archbishop at that period. The original building seems to have exceeded St. Patrick's in the beauty of its architecture, but little of its original character remains, save in the northern transept and in portion of the north wall of the nave, owing to the greater portion of the body of the Church having fallen in 1562, and to subsequent restorations. Recently the fabric has been partially rebuilt by Mr. Street, all the expense, amounting to £250,000, being supported by Mr. Roe, the eminent Dublin distiller. The plan of the original choir, obtained by examination of the crypts below, was rather peculiar; a short apsidal choir stood east of the central tower, an aisle passed round this apse, and further east stood two chapels of unequal size, the smaller one adjoining the choir. This arrangement has been closely followed in the restoration. The tiles used in paving the floor are copied from the original ones which remained. The pulpit and rercdos are constructed of marble, principally obtained in Ireland; and the altar of oak and ebony. A building intended for a choir school has been placed on the site of the old Lady Chapel, and a bridge spans the neighbouring streets, and leads to the Convocation Hall of the Irish Church, and other necessary departments for the accommodation of the community. The tower is one of the portions of the Church which has only been so far restored as to have its battlemented parapet and the turrets at the angles renovated on what was probably their ancient plan. The peal consists of 13 bells, of different ages and sizes, and plays automatically twenty-eight tunes, possessing also an apparatus by which any musical airs may be performed.

Taken as a whole, Christ Church must be regarded as a splendid example of that peculiar style of medieval architecture usually styled

"Transition." Several of its original arches are semicircular in form, and display chevron and other moulding, characteristic of the Norman style of decoration. The usual entrance to the church is by a doorway, surmounted by very beautiful semicircular arches, and display true Norman capitals and bases of admirable design. This was

anciently a feature of the northern side, but was removed to its present position many years ago.

The nave contains a few antique monuments, possessed of interest. foremost amongst which must be considered a recumbent figure of a knight, represented in the chain armour used in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and having beside it a demi-figure, which is popularly believed to represent a youth. The former is supposed, but on very slight authority, to be an effigy of Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, one of the principal invaders of Ireland, under Henry the Second, and the latter to be that of a son of Strongbow, who, historians state, was, with classic ferocity, at one fell blow, hewn in two by his father for having, contrary to orders, engaged the Irish enemy during the said leader's absence. This, if true, was worse than the modern punishment of cutting a son off with a shilling! A second version of the story of the son's fate states that the father's wrath was caused in consequence of the young man's having allowed himself to remain sole survivor of his party in a skirmish with the enemy.

A monument to Thomas Prior presents an epitaph which was composed by Bishop Berkeley, who said "There was no matter," and of whom Byron wrote, ""Twas no matter what he said." There may be seen a beautiful altar-tomb, with the effigy of Dr. Lindsey, quondam Bishop of Kildare; another to the philanthropist, Dr. Abbott, and one to a well-known Dublin merchant, Nathaniel Sneyd, who not very many years ago was shot dead in Westmoreland-street by the hand of a maniac. There are other monuments, but I have already mentioned all which are likely to interest the stranger.

In 1487, Christ Church was the scene of the coronation of that mock Prince, Lambert Simnel, as Edward the Sixth, king of these realms. It is said that a crown of silver (probably, silver-gilt), which appertained to a statue of the Virgin, was borrowed for the occasion. It is, perhaps, more than likely that this enterprising claimant, subsequently, as scullion in the kitchen of Henry the Seventh, enjoyed existence in a greater degree than he would have done as king, with a disputed throne. Yet, nevertheless, he must have remembered with feelings more or less mingled some episodes of his adventure in Ireland, amongst the haughty and humbugged Lords of the Pale.

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Christ Church, during the Middle Ages, was famous for the possession of a whole ecclesiastical treasury of manuscripts, shrines, and other relics, belonging to an ancient period. Amongst these was the celebrated "Staff of Jesus," said to have been sent from Heaven to our national Saint. It was, in all probability, a walking-staff, which had belonged to St. Patrick, and had been used by him during his missionary travels in still unconverted Erin. This "bachall," as the natives styled such relics, has been described as covered with ornamentation in the precious metals, and studded with gems. Alas! this most interesting monument of a time, or of times, when our artificers in metal and enamel were unrivalled in the world (to say nothing of the sacrilege), together with numerous monuments of antiquity, which would now be priceless, were, in 1508, publicly burnt, as emblems of idolatry, by bigots, of whom the best that can be said is that they really did not know the outrage they were perpetrating.

Down to about the middle of the last century, Christ Church was hemmed in by a number of motley tenements, good, bad, and indifferent, and of various ages. There were, also, as with most cathedrals, some curious nooks and alleys about it. One of these went, for a reason which I cannot divine, by the strange name of "Hell." This awfully styled spot, which is alluded to by Burns, in the following couplet :

"And that's as true as the Deil's in Hell
Or Dublin City,"

seems to have been rather quiet and respectable, as would appear from an advertisement which, not long before the "Union," appears in a Dublin newspaper, under the head of "Lodgings":—

LODGINGS IN HELL.-Well suited for Lawyers.—

&c., &c.

Some portions of this interesting locality still remain in the writer's recollection; but the glories of dear old (I dare not, like Lady Morgan, say, "dirty") Dublin are fast fading. What of those of historic Donnybrook, of the Strawberry Beds, of that incomparable swimming-place, Halpin's Hole; of Mud Island, with its king; or of Irishtown Strand, or many other localities, famous in the days of the old Charlies, but doomed to fade under the regime of a body which Dublineans were wont to style the "New Police !"

Within a short distance of Christ Church, a tall, quadrangular tower seems to invite a notice. This is the campanile of one of the oldest of our city churches-viz., that of

ST. AUDOENS.

This, once the most sought-for burial-place amongst the citizens of Dublin of the richer class, is of Danish foundation, but was greatly

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