Tare, Weight allow'd Threw, did throw Throne, a Seat of State The, a Particle Thee, yourself Time, when Wale, the Mark of a Whip Ware, Merchandize Where, at what Place Wafte, to spend Way, to walk in Weal, Good Thyme, an Herb Veal, Calf's Flesh Wheale, a Pimple Wheel, of a Cart Weak, not ftrong Week, Seven Days Weather, Difpofition of the Air Whether, which of the Two Wither, to decay Vile, bafe Wile, a Trick While, in the mean Time Wood, of Trees Wou'd, was willing Wrath, Anger Ye, yourfelves Yea, yes Yew, a Tree Wait, to expect You, yourself Weight, for the Scales Ewe, a Sheep A New A New Guide to the English Tongue. PART III. A Practical English CHAP. I. Of GRAMMAR in general. AT is Grammar? QWHA W4 Grammar is the Science of Letters, or the Art of Writing and Speaking properly and syntactically. A. The Art of Writing and Speaking the English Tongue properly and fyntactically. Q. How is Grammar divided? A. Grammar is divided into Four Parts; Orthography, Profody, Analogy, and Syntax. Of ORTHOGRAPHY. Q. What is Orthography? A. Orthography teacheth the true Characters and Powers of the Letters, and the proper Divifion of Syllables, Words, and Sentences. Of LETTERS. Q. What is a Letter? A. A Letter is a fignificant Mark or Note, of which Syllables are compounded. Q. How many English Letters are there? A. Six and Twenty. Q. Which be they? A. They are thefe following, with their Powers and Names: E 2 Letters. Their Names, and Powers or Sound. A long (a) as in Cape: fhort (ă) as in Cap: (broad (â) as in balt Bee Dee Cee j k 1 E long (e) as in mete: fhort (e) as in met V U u W W X Y y Ꮓ Vee Yu long (u) as in tune: fhort (i) as in Tun Eks Wi long (ỹ) as in my: fhort (ÿ) as in Egypt *Note, When e is not founded at the End of a Word, it is called e final: which, sometimes, ferves tolengthen the Sound of the foregoing Vowel; as in fave; and fometimes is Redundant ; as in give. Q. Do thefe Letters always keep their own natural Sound? A. No. Q. What Letters are those which do not always keep their own natural Sound? A. They are b, c, e, f, g, i, o, s, t, u, x, y; and the double Letters, ch, gh, and ph. Q. Give me an Example of each. A. 1. B is founded like t, in Subtil. 2. C before a, o, u, l, and r, is always founded like k; as in Cat, Cord, Cup, Cloth, Cramp: but before e, i, and y, is always founded like s; as in Cellar, Civil, Cypress: It is alfo founded like s in Mufcle; and in Words derived from the French, having b after it; as in Machine. 2. E E is founded like a, in there, where, &c. is founded like v, in of 5. G before e and i in fome Words, and almoft always before y, is founded like j; as in Gentleman, Giant, Egyptian. 6. 1 in Words derived from the French, founds like ee.; as in Machine: it alfo founds like ; as in Bird, third, &c: O is founded like a in Alloy; like è in Women; and like & in Worm. 7. 8. S is frequently founded like z as in prefent, prefume. 9. Tis founded likes, in Whistle, Thistle. Ti before a Vowel, is founded like for fb; as in Nation; except when goes immediately before it ; as Celestial; or at the Beginning of a Word; as tied; or in Derivatives; as mightier, mightiest, emptied. 10. U is founded like ě in Burý; and like i in Business. 11. X hath no found of its own; but at the Beginning of a Word is always founded like x; as in Xenophon; and in the middle and end of Words, like ks; as in Wax, Xerxes. 12. r at the end of Monofyllables, is founded like 7; as in by, my; but in the middle of Words of more than one Syllable it is founded like, as in Egypt; and at the end of Words of more than one Syllable, it ufually founds like e; as in many. 13. Ch is founded like qu, in Choir, Chorifter. 14. Gh fometimes at the End of a Word, and always ph when they come together in the fame Syllable, found like ƒ; as in laugh, Elephant; except where pb found like v, as in Stephen Q. Where are the Capital Letters to be used, and where the Small? A. The Capitals are to be used in the Front of Sentences, and in the Beginning of Verfes; of all proper Names of Perfons, Places, Rivers, &c. of Arts and Sciences; of Dignities, Fefivals and Games; and of all Words put for proper Names, or that have any great Emphasis in a Sentence: Alfo after a Full Stop, and at the Beginning of a Quotation, tho' it be not immediately after a Full Stop: Likewife whole Words, and fometimes Sentences are written in Capitals, and then fomething is expreffed extraordinary great. They are fometimes used in the Titles of Books, for Ornament-fake: And always the Pronoun I, and the Interjection O, are written in Capitals; and in all other Places the Small Letters must be used. Q. When Capital Letters are placed fingle in a Sentence, what do they ftand for ? A. Sometimes they stand for whole Words; as B. A. Bachelor of Arts; B. D. Bachelor in Divinity; D. D. Doctor in Divinity, or the like; as you may find more at E 3 large large at the End of this third Part: Or else they stand for Numbers, and are called Numeral Letters; thus, Q. How are the Letters naturally divided? Q. What is a Vowel ? A. A Vowel is a Letter which gives a full and perfect Sound of itself, and without which there can be no Syllable. Q. How many Vowels are there in English? A. There are Six; a, e, i, o, u, and y when it follows a Confonant. Q. What is a Confonant? A. A Confonant is a Letter, that cannot be founded without a Vowel; as b without e. the Vowels, are Confonants. Therefore all Letters except Of SYLLABLE S. Q. What is a Syllable? A. A Syllable is either one Letter; asa; or more than one; as Man. Of Spelling, or Division of SYLLABLES. Q. How do you divide your Syllables? A. By taking Words afunder into convenient Parts, in order to fhew their true Pronunciation, and original Formation, which is commonly called Spelling. Q. In how many Rules may the Doctrin of Spelling be contained? 4. All Spelling, or Division of Syllables, may be comprehended in Seven general Rules. RUL |