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1818.] Original Letters between Dr. Young and Mr. Richardson.

not hold a pen very often. The dreadful accident Nancy told you of, has unhinged me. In obedience to your commands, I thought I had some little matters humbly to suggest; but my few observations cannot be read, I am afraid, not even by myself. Transcription cannot be attempted by me till I can get steadier fingers. I never could dictate. But, as you have changed your scheme, I think my observations will be quite needless, till I have the favour you make me hope for, in a return of the manuscripts, with your last hand. One thing, however, I take the liberty to mention-That, when in the former part you say so many glorious things in behalf of original writing, and to discourage imitations; so justly extol the great men of antiquity, as well as among the moderns; yet in the last part, make such mere nothings of all human attainments and genius; I could not but wish that the piece was made two distinct pieces, or subjects: for they are both laudable in a high degree; one for the delight of learned men; the other, and, doubtless, the most eligible, for the sake of true piety and our everlasting welfare. My head is confused, and I do not express myself, perhaps, to be understood.

Let me ask, however great and noble what you say of Mr. Addison's death is, whether it may not bear shortening? Will it not be thought laboured? And when, from the different nature of diseases, some of them utterly incapacitating, and deliriums happening often, it is not, or may not be, discouraging to surviving friends, to find wanting in the dying those tokens of resignation and true Christian piety, which Mr. Addison was graciously enabled to express so exemplarily to Lord W. Sir J. S. was a good man; yet I have heard you mention his hard and painful death with no small concern. Forgive my freedom; but I know you will.

And now, Sir, let me say, that your message to me by man and horse, riding all night, affrighted me till I opened your letter; I thank God, nothing unwished for happened to add to my apprehensions and my sad feelings, for I had lain awake from two this morning: wicked sleeplessness!

I am, dear and Rev. Sir,
Your's ever,

S. RICHARDSON.

45

LETTER CXLI.
Rev. and dear sir, Dec. 22, 1758.
I presume you design the same type
and manner as the Centaur?

I am sorry that sleeplessness is your
complaint. But, when you sleep not,
you are awake to noble purpose: I to
none at all; my days are nothing but
hours of dozings, for want of nightly
rest; and through an impatience, that
I am ashamed of, because I cannot sub-
dae it. Continue, dear Sir, your prayers
and blessings, to
Your most faithful

and affectionate servant,
S. RICHARDSON.
Due respects to good Mrs. Hallowes.
All mine are most cordially your's!
Many happy seasons!

Why, Sir, but a small number?-Shall it be 500, 750, or 1000?

Thank you, Sir, for your kind acceptance of my humble advice. As I am able, I will look after the marks you mention.

LETTER CXLII.

Dear sir,

April 1759.
Dispose of as many copies as you
please: one to the Speaker, with my
respects and duty.
Mr. Doddington,
Duchess of Portland,
Dr. Heberden,
Mrs. Johnson,

The Hon. & Right Rev.

Lord Bp. of Durham,

One copy for each: not saying by whom

sent.

I would sell the copy to the persons mentioned, but I know not the reasonable price for it: that I leave to your determination; or, if you like not that, to their honour.

I greatly grieve that you are doubly absent from me through your indisposition: God remove it! Accept my thanks for your kind and material assistance in this little attempt. Pray send me three or four copies for my friends here; and if, hearing objections, any thing material occurs, it would be well if I knew it, with regard to the second.

What can I send you but my best wishes? I wish much more was in the Dear Sir, power of,

My love to all.

Most your's,

E. YOUNG.

No apology for delay; I truly rejoice

at the occasion of it,

ORIGINAL

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By the Rev. R. MEEK.

ROBIN, hail! the spring is come;

Now the fields are green and gay, You may leave your wintry home; Hark! all Nature calls,-away! Hush'd is now the wintry blast,

And now melted is the snow;
Tune thy song,-Oh! Robin haste,
Let thy melting numbers flow.
Oh! that hush'd too were the sound

Of complaining thro' our isle;
Then each heart with joy would bound,-
Then e'en Penury would smile.
Now the songsters of the grove,
Cheerful, raise the vocal lay;
Join the company you love,

Robin,-be as blythe as they.
Art ne'er taught thy soothing strain,
Perfect Nature gave thy voice;
And, while Music's charms remain,
Will thy notes my heart rejoice.
No fell cat, sweet bird! shall maim,
Or shall tear thy life away;
Thee e'en critics shall proclaim
Lovely songster of the day.
Robin hasten, seek thy mate,
Build thy nest in shady grove;
There, at early morn and late,
Taste the sweets of wedded love.

When Aurora gilds the skies,
And around her glory gleams;

Or when Cynthia's beams arise, Silvering the rippling streams; Robin! let thy numbers flow, Spread thy music all around; In the hour of deepest woe,

[Aug. 1,

It will prove a cheering sound.. Thou can'st charm the troubled soul, Thou can'st bid the tempests cease; While above the thunders roll,

Thou, sweet bird, can'st whisper peace When life's evening radiance gleams Dimly thro' the murky sky; And the moon, with feeble beams, Hush thy charming melody; Robin may you rise and sing

In a brighter world above; Where the heavenly arches ring With the angel song of love. South Molton, Devon.

TO THE ROBIN.

Inviting him to stay during the Summer ; occasioned by receiving the preceding Verses from the Rev. Mr. MEEK.

By Mr.. W. WOOLCOT.

ROBIN! do not leave me yet,

Tho' the Spring indeed be come,
For the Spring is cold and wet;-
Stay, and make my cot thy home.
Stay and build with me thy nest,
In yon ivy-shelter'd wall;
There in safety thou shalt rest;

Go! thy pretty partner call.
Haste away, and come again,
Quickly, quickly, bring her here;
Spring awaits ye,-hill and plain

Now the robes of brightness wear.
Yet the brightest robe of Spring
Cannot always joy bestow,-
Cannot charm the venom'd sting
Rankling in the breast of woe!
Spring may come, but woe the while I
Man may mourn without relief;
Spring may come without a smile,
It is winter still with grief!
But, my Robin, thou art blest,
Thee no dangers shall assail;
Thee no troubles shall molest,

Nor thy nestlings ever wail.
Haste away, and come again,

Quickly, quickly, bring thy mate; Tell her the purport of my strain, Nor engage in idle prate.

Tell her of the joys of home,

Of the happiness it brings;

That 'tis dangerous to roam,

Far from the source whence pleasure springs. That, tho' Pleasure smile above,

She may hide a frown beneath;

And her smile may treacherous prove,-
Treacherous as the smile of Death!

Haste

1818.]

Haste away, and come again,

Quickly bring thy partner here; Spring awaits ye,-hill and plain, Now the robes of brightness wear. Quickly go, and quickly come To my ivy-shelter'd wall; Make my cot thy lasting home: Go! thy lovely partner call. South Molton, Devon.

A CHARACTER.

Original Poetry.

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'TIS

SONNET.

IS midnight dark, and fear appals my breast,

As roar terrific Night's infuriate gales; Haply, e'en now, grim Death some wretch assails,

Some houseless wand'rer, long estrang'd to rest,

Wasted by sorrow, and by cares oppress'd:

Amidst this din, the soul to slumber fails,

Trembles each nerve, and horror dread prevails.

Now rising wildly from my bed distress'd,
I view the lurid sky, and hear the sound
Of dreadful thunder; flash the lightning
dire;

And all is tumult my lov'd cot around.
Now aw'd, yet not dismay'd, by Nature's
ire,

To Nature's God, omnipotent and wise,
I turn for succour my imploring eyes.

J. S.

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47 That soul once again its dark vigils is keeping, And the lute 'neath the cold chain of silence is sleeping.

A. A. W.

PARAPHRASE OF HORACE;
LIB. 3, ODE 28.

MY Lydia, tap the inmost wine,

The choicest of Cæcubian vine; The rosy juice shall stain the cup,To Neptune pledge, and quaff it up: What more, sweet girl, than festive glee, Should please the monarch of the sea? For him unbend the brow of Care, For him dry up Affliction's tear: For see, the Sun's declining beam Shoots, 'thwart the west, a parting gleam; And on yon mountain's rising height Sinks the late blazing car of light. In votive strains, by turns we'll sing The honors of old Ocean's king; Extol the Nereids' glossy hair, Which wantons o'er their shoulders bare; Or thou, enwrapt in beaming fire, Shall sweep the wild notes of the lyre; Latona's charms shall wake the strain, Or Dian dashing o'er the plain: But, last of all, in softest verse, The Paphian goddess' pow'r rehearse; Who, in the friendly veil of night, Sheds her rich transports of delight.

LINES

HUBERT.

FOUND IN THE POCKET OF A SUICIDE.

WITH toilsome steps, I pass thro' life'

dull road,

No pack-horse half so weary of his load;
And, when this dirty journey shall conclude,
To what new realms is then my way pursued

Say, does the pure embodied spirit fly
To happier climes, and to a better sky?
Or, sinking, does it mix with kindred clay,
And sleep a whole eternity away?

Or shall this form be once again renewed,
With all its frailties and its hopes endued;
Acting once more, on this detested stage,
Passions of youth, infirmities of age?
I've read in Tully, what the ancients thought,
And judged unprejudiced what moderus
taught;

But no conviction from my reading springs,
I am dubious in the most important things.
Yet one short moment will in full explain
What all philosophy has taught in vain;
Will tell me what no human wisdom knows,
Clear up each doubt, and terminate my woes.
Why then not hasten this decisive hour,
Still in my view, and even in my power?
Why should I drag along a life I hate,
Without one hope to mitigate the weight?
Why this mysterious being forced to exist,
When every joy is lost, and hope dismiss'd?
In chains, in darkness, wherefore should. It
stay,

And mourn in prison, while I keep the key?
PATENTS

[ 48 ]

PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED.

TO REUBEN PHILLIPS, JUN. Chemist, of Exeter; for Purifying Gas for the purpose of Illumination.

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HE patentee has succeeded in a preparation of lime, which, with its apparatus, is unerring in its operation, works without pressure, demands no attention from workmen, except at the time of renewing, which renewal may be made in a few minutes without any interruption to the purifying; requires very little water, and not any drains. The mixture, when no longer of use, may be removed, or permitted to remain on the premises, without any inconvenience: and, as the washing is done away, the brilliancy of the gas is left unimpaired.

The following may be considered as an outline of the process:-fresh lime must be mixed with a sufficient quantity of water to render it granulated, or of such a consistence that the gas can pass freely through it; when it must be placed, a few inches in depth, upon shelves perforated with small holes, in appropriate vessels, which in number, size, and arrangement, must be determined by the size and situation of the establishment, and which may be secured by a water-joint of the depth of an inch and half only: these vessels are so adjusted that the mixture, when no longer fit for the purpose of purifying, may be retained in them, until entirely deprived of all offensive smell, which a couple of hours will effect.

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[Aug. 1,

to manage, and not at all suited to operations on a large scale. The plan now proposed is free from these objections, and will be found to combine the foregoing advantages with several others of considerable value.

Mr. Taylor's mode of applying heat is found very economical as to the consumption of fuel; the saving generally amounts to one-third, and in some cases even more.

As the vessels or stills are not exposed to the destructive action of the fire, they are not liable to wear out; they are more casily cleaned; and may be made of any material capable of containing the boiling fluid. It being unnecessary to surround them with brickwork, much expense is saved; and, from their occupying less room, a far more convenient arrangement of them can be made. The buildings in which such vessels are placed need not be lofty; neither fireplace nor ash-pit being required under them, they may stand but little elevated from the ground.

In the distillation of spirits, essential oils, simple waters, vinegar, &c., the improvement in flavour and quality will be found very considerable; at the same time that a larger product may be ob tained, from its being possible to continue the operation until the last portions are drawn over, without risk of injuring the still.

The same important advantages will be found in boiling and evaporating all kinds of vegetable, oily, or saline, substances; and any operation requiring a heat considerably above that of boiling and safety. It is particularly applicable water may be performed with certainty to many chemical operations, and va rious other branches of business; such as soap-boiling, salt-refining, dying, tallowmelting, chandling. &c.

Then follows a description of the apparatus for boiling sugar and distilling rum by the heat of steam:-the steam-boiler adjoining either the boiling-house or the may be placed in any small building

still-house.

It is represented in an engraving accompanying Mr. Taylor's pamphlet, as placed in the shed which covers the fire-places of the teaches*, &c. now generally used. The fire-place of

✦ The name of the pans used for boiling sugar in the West Indies.

the

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the steam-boiler, constructed to burn cane-trash, wood, or coals, according to the situation in which it is to be employed. The mercurial gauge, which at the same time shows the state of the steam in the boiler, and provides for its escape long before it can attain a pressure which would incur risk. The safetyvalve, through which any superßuous steam passes off. The float gauge, indicating the quantity of water in the boiler, and pointing out when it requires to be supplied. A cast-iron box riveted to the boiler, containing a perfect safetyvalve, which limits the pressure of the steam in the boiler, and is so secured as to be inaccessible to the workmen.

The boiler may be supplied with water by a pump worked by hand or attached to the steam-engine; or an apparatus is furnished, if desired, which feeds the boiler without labour or machinery. In either case, the water for this purpose is drawn from a cistern placed over the fire-flue at the end of the boiler; and, by returning the condensed water from the boiling and distilling apparatus into the cistern, heat and labour are oeconomised. The principle on which the steam-boiler is constructed, the mode in which it is executed both as to material and workmanship, and the arrangement of its appendages, are such as to obviate every danger from mismanagement, or from its wearing out by long use.

The following vessels are attached to the steam-boiler for boiling sugar and distilling rum:-Two clarifiers, each holding 500 gallons. They are placed at an elevation allowing of their being supplied with cane-juice from the mill. The index cocks regulate the heat admitted into the steam coils placed at the bottom of the clarifiers;-there are likewise two cocks to carry off the condensed water. Large cocks are inserted in the clarifiers to draw off the clarified cane-juice into the grand evaporator. Openings with screw-plugs are also provided to discharge the impurities which settle at the bottom of the clarifiers, and render these vessels easy to clean. A scum funnel and pipe is attached to receive and carry off the scummings. The grand evaporator, capable of containing 620 gallons. The index cock, by which heat is admitted into the steam coil of the grand evaporator, and by which the rate of boiling is regulated. A discharging valve, opened and closed with a lever handle, empties the contents of the grand evaporator into the second MONTHLY MAG. No. 316.

49 The

evaporator in a few minutes. second evaporator, capable of containing 380 gallons, furnished with steam coil, regulating cocks, scum funnel, and a discharging valve with lever handle, by which the teache can be supplied with syrup. The teache, containing 145 gallons, provided with steam coil and regudating cocks, by which the boiling of the sugar is completed. The sugar when boiled to its proper proof can be drawn off into the coolers by means of a cock in teache.

The whole of the apparatus is supported on a handsome and substantial frame work of cast iron, with steps and platforms conveniently placed to get at the various vessels. Two stills, capable of working 500 gallons each, provided with copper heads, man-holes, and discharging cocks and index cocks, by which heat is admitted to the steam coils placed in the stills, and by adjusting which the rate of their working is regulated.

These stills may be used with a common worm or with the patent refrigerator, by means of which distillation may be carried on without requiring water for condensation, and with great œconomy of time, heat, and labour.

This apparatus takes very little room, and is not liable to be out of repair, the stills and refrigerator may be placed in distinct buildings, and yet be heated by the same steam-boiler. The following advantages will be found to result from the adoption of this apparatus :-The vessels employed are not liable to wear out. Their first cost and the expence of erecting them are much less than of those in present use. Labour, fuel, and time, are most materially oeconomised by this mode of working. The quality and quantity of the sugar produced will be improved and increased.

The flavour

of the rum distilled by the heat of steam will be finer and cleaner than that which has been exposed to the action of fire. No substance is more liable to be wasted or spoiled during its manufacture than sugar; and it is beyond the reach of art to remedy the most common injuries done to it.

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