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CONTENTS OF PART I.

INTRODUCTORY...

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Contrast between exhibits of 1878 and 1879-Space occupied by
agricultural exhibit-Relative space occupied by different countries--
Shows of live stock-Periodical exhibits of vegetables and fruits—
Faultiness of the scheme of classification-Need of a more practical
grouping of the agricultural exhibits-The vegetable and cereal ex-
hibit-Value and importance of French organizations for promoting
agriculture-Methods and appliances for instruction in agriculture-
French methods worthy of imitation-Diversified and scientific cul-
ture combined on one farm; its value near our large cities-Improve-
ments in ensilage-Character of the field trials of machinery-En-
deavor to treat more particularly of novelties since 1878-Paucity of
the exhibit of American manufacturers of farm implements-Great
extent and importance of the viticultural exhibit of France-Space
devoted to it justified-Vastness of the treatment against Phylloxera-
French method of vine culture—Wine making around Bordeaux
specially treated because of its importance to our wine makers-
Status of the silk and bee exhibits-Reports on live stock exhibits-
Consideration of U. S. exhibit relegated to Part 2 of the volume-
French weights, measures, and coins-Acknowledgments.

CHAPTER I.

Class 71. Vegetables and Forage Plants; part of Class 67, Cereals.
GENERAL REVIEW OF THE EXHIBIT...

Only preserved vegetable and fruits represented at the Exposition—
Important exhibit made by France-The different methods of pre-
serving-Fouché's drying chamber-Salomon's process of preserving
by cold-Exhibit of Lapostolet Frères of vegetables preserved by sim-
ple desiccation-Exhibit of Prevet & Co. of dried vegetables pre-
served by Appert's method-Appetizing look of this class of exhibits—
Chlorophyll used as a substitute for copper salts in giving a green
color to preserved vegetables.

French exhibit of mushrooms and truffles: The common meadow
mushroom (Agaricus campestris) and its mode of cultivation-Edi-
ble species of Boletus-The morille (Morchella esculenta), its mode of
occurrence and attempted cultivation-The truffles, their nature and
mode of occurrence-The truffle de périgord (Tuber melanosporum)
and other varieties-Collecting truffles by means of trained dogs or
hogs-Amount of production of truffles in France in 1869-Exporta-
tion of truffles-Dried prunes and their choicest varieties-Olives, the
mode of preserving them-Figs.

FRANCE...

A magnificent show made in these classes.
Cereals.

Wheat: Cultivation of winter and summer wheats in France-
The "tender wheats" and their varieties: Aleph-Chidham-Chid-

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ham March white wheat-Chidham "bigarré "-Chubb-Dattel Gold-

endrop-Hallett's "Genealogical" wheats - Kessingland - Noah-

Nursery-Prince Albert-Rieti-Rosseau-Rousselin-Saumur autumn

Wheat-Saumur March wheat-Shireff Scotch wheat-Shireff square

head-Standup-Victoria autumn white wheat-Bordier-The Pou-

lard and their difference from the "tender wheats"-The hard

variety-Spelts (Epeautres)-Quality and quantity of the French

wheat-Conditions under which gluten is found in the grain-Rich-

ness of soil in nitrogen increases the amount of gluten in the grain-

The amount of gluten varies in different varieties of wheat and

according to climate-Experiments with artificial crossing of wheats.

Barley Soils best adapted for its cultivation-The most important

variety in France. Oats: Enumeration of varieties at the Exposi-

tion. Rye: Soils best adapted to it-Enumeration of varieties.

Maize: Condition of its cultivation in France-Soils best adapted to

it-Mode of cultivation-Enumeration of varieties exhibited. Sor-

ghum: Only broom corn is extensively cultivated. Millet: Its

cultivation and use. Buckwheat: Its use and cultivation in France-

Improved varieties are superseding the old variety. Canary seed.

Forage plants: Violet clover-Incarnate clover-Lupuline or Mi-

nette-Lucern-Sainfoin-Two parasitic plants infesting lucern and

allied crops-The broom-rape (Orobanche).

The Cuscute or "dodders"-Rust in wheat and its supposed connec-

tion with the barbery bush.

Vegetables..

General review of the exhibit-Fine show of potatoes and sugar

beets-Exhibition of farinaceous vegetables-Competition of fresh
vegetables of all sorts. Potato: Its great importance for France-
Acreage and product in 1879 and 1888--The French potato generally
of medium quality-Enumeration of the principal varieties-Mode
of cultivation-New varieties being introduced. Sweet Potatoes:
Difficulty of cultivating them in more northern France. Beans:
Large number of varieties in this vegetable-Mode of cultivation-
Enumeration and characterization of the principal varieties. Fèves
(Faba vulgaris): Extensively cultivated in France in several varieties.
Peas: Large number of varieties enumerated-Mode of cultivation.
Lentils: Little attention given now to this crop in France. Aspara-
gus: The two principal varieties of this popular vegetable. Arti-
chokes: Only one variety is extensively cultivated around Paris.
Cabbage: Very well represented at the Exhibition in numerous varie-
ties-Enumeration and characterization of the principal forms. Egg-
plants: Apparently not much appreciated in France-Mode of culti-
vation and varieties. Rhubarb: Its use as a vegetable increasing in
France. Tomato: Good show at the Trocadéro in many varieties-
Enumeration and characterization of some varieties. Beets: The
most important of the root crops cultivated in France-Some of the
principal varieties-The sugar beet-Its great importance for Europe-
Acreage planted and amount of produce in France in 1887-Yield
per hectare from 1881-1888—The French soil well adapted to its cul-
tivation-Climate and soil most favorable to it-Rotation of crops in
Germany and France-Manure for sugar beet-Best mode of plant-

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ing and cultivating-Varieties of sugar beets. Carrots: Cultivation

and use in France. Turnips: The principal varieties cultivated in

France. Radishes: Particularly good and many new varieties raised

near Paris. Horse radish and salsify. Topinambour: Advantages

and disadvantages of its cultivation. Crosne du Japon: Explanation

of this new root crop. Pumpkins and squashes: A great number of

varieties raised in Franco-Mode of cultivation-Confusion regarding

the name Artichoke. Melons and Cantaloupes: Many varieties raised

in France-They are generally raised under glass in northern Europe.

Watermelons: But little cultivated in France and of inferior quality--

Two new varieties cited. Cucumbers: Many varieties of good

quality shown. Lettuce: It is the most important among the numer-

ous salad plants used in France and is represented by numerous

varieties-Notes on cultivation. Chicory: It is now one of the most

important of French garden vegetables-The varieties used as salad-

The coffee chicory and its cultivation. Celery: Not so universally

used in France as in America-Mode of cultivation. Water cresses:

They grow wild and are also cultivated. Dandelion: It is cultivated

and much esteemed as a salad. Spinach: Extensively cultivated as

a vegetable and also used as a source of chlorophyll. Sorrel: Sev-

eral varieties commonly used as a green vegetable-Preserved sorrel

also at the Exhibition. Vegetables used for seasoning: Onions and

their numerous varieties-Garlic-Poireau-Shallott-Mustard-Tar-

ragon-Peppers-Martynia-Caper.

A portion of the country well adapted to agriculture and horticul-

ture and favorably situated for the disposal of the products-A fair
show made at the Algerian pavilion of cereals, vegetables and dried
fruits-Beans are one of the principal vegetables grown in Algeria-
Great fertility of the country and especially of the Tell district.

Cereals.....

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Fine exhibit of agricultural products-The vanilla display-His-

tory of the vanilla plant-Production of sugar-European vegetables
and fruits.

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Agricultural products of the island-Dependencies of Madagascar:

the islands of Mayotte-the Comoro islands-Nossi-Bé-Diego
Suarez the island of Obock in the gulf of Aden.

FRENCH INDIA..

Full and fine display made by these possessions-The principal

agricultural products-Cochin-China and its products-Cambodia—
Annam-Tonkin.

NEW CALEDONIA AND ITS DEPENDENCIES.

Excellent show in Class 71-Maize the principal product-Beans,

coffee, manioc, tobacco, sugar cane and other products of the island.

TAHITI.

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Enumeration of agricultural exhibit-The cultivation of sugar

cane very prosperous-Cultivation of coffee.

A small show made by the Empire except in sugar beets from

Bohemia-Notes on the agricultural resources of Hungary.

A small but good show in preserved vegetables and fruits-Acre-

age of kitchen and market gardens since 1846-Production of cereals
in Belgium-The cultivation of sugar beets-The cultivation of
chicory in Belgium and its importance.

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