WINE-MAKING PROPER-Continued..... vault: Racking wine-Transfer of wines by means of suction and force pumps-Filtering and fining wines-The Vigouroux filter- Materials employed for clearing wines. Mutage or additions to wines to prevent fermentation. Special treatment of wines: Con- gealation of wines-Chauffage, or heating wines-The Pommier wine-heater-Bottling wines-Barbou Fils' racks for draining bot- tles-The Guillot corker-La Française corker of U. Figus-Rack for wine bottles of G. Pepin Fils-Decanting apparatus of G. Pepin Fils. Diseases of wines: Acid wines-Flat or turbid wines-Greasy wines- White wines: Characteristics and process of manufacture-Dry white wines-Sweet or unfermented white wines-Alcoholic white wines-Sweet or liquorous wines-Rosy wines. Foaming wines or Champagnes: Wines of the province of Champagne-Variety of grape-Gathering, pressing and treatment of must-Winter treat- ment; combining wines-Treatment with Tannin and Sizing-Rack- ing-Sugaring-First Bottling-Measuring pressure of gas-Trays for storage of bottles-Subsequent manipulation of bottles-Removal of lees and re-bottling. Raisin wines. Secondary products of the grape: Uses of the husks and lees: Second wines or Vins de marc- Piquettes-Brandies-The Deroy still or alembic-Tartar-The husks Silk production since 1862 and reasons for its decrease-The French exhibit-Mr. Eugene Mailot's statistical tables-Mr. Fallou's exhibit Algeria-Italy-It is the greatest silk-producing country in Eu- rope-Belgium-Great Britain-Table of annual silk production of other European countries-Japan: Races of Sericaria mori culti- vated in Japan-Other silk-producing lepidoptera of Japan-Illus- trations of silk-worm diseases, among them Ujimyia sericaria-Seri- The French apicultural exhibit scattered-Apiculture at the Agri- cultural Congress-Hives exhibited by the Société Centrale d'Api- INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. General character of the exhibit in this class-Related chiefly to the Grape Phylloxera. Locusts in Algeria: Vigorous measures of defense Page. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE-Continued.. Collections of insects, general and economic: General character of these exhibits-Entomological publications-Illustrations of insects— General collections. Faunal exhibits from various countries: Argen- tine Republic, Brazil, Bolivia, Dutch Colonies, English Colonies, French Colonies, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Portugal, History of the Phylloxera. First description by Dr. Asa Fitch and first notice of its work in Europe-Identity of the European and General nature of the exhibit-Short-horns-Herefords-Other English races-The Belgium and Holland exhibit--The Angeln Page Character of the exhibit-Races-The Celtic race-The Iberian race-The Asiatic race-The Normandy swine. General nature of the exhibit-Lack of attention paid to poultry- breeding in France-The Leghorn fowl-The Gascon fowl—Wyan- General character of the exhibit-Pure-blooded horses-Arab thoroughbreds-English thoroughbreds-Anglo-Arabs-The Barb or LETTER OF SUBMITTAL. WASHINGTON, D. C., June 30, 1890. SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith my report on Agriculture (Group VIII), at the late International Exposition, held in Paris, France, in accordance with the commission from President Cleveland of September 27, 1888, and the general instructions from T. F. Bayard, Secretary of State, of January 10, 1889. I take this occasion to thank you for the many courtesies you have extended and for the sympathy you have shown in the work which has thereby been made pleasant, and which, I trust, may prove profitable to our people. Respectfully, yours, Gen. Wм. B. FRANKLIN, Commissioner-General, etc., Hartford, Conn. C. V. RILEY. 21 INTRODUCTORY. The Paris Exposition of 1889 differed from that of 1878 in at least one important particular, namely, in the great attention given to agriculture. In his report upon agricultural products in 1878 Commissioner Woodman says: At the Centennial exhibition agriculture was placed on an equality, in every respect, with other interests, and a substantial building was erected, with ample accommodations, in which were placed side by side the agricultural exhibits of every nationality represented. At the Paris Exposition no agricultural building was provided, nor was sufficient space assigned in the main buildings for foreign agricultural exhibits. Hence each of the principal nations competing was obliged to erect buildings of its own for this purpose, which were necessarily detached and unfavorably located for an international agricultural exhibition. It is to be regretted that the agricultural products of the United States were not more fully represented. This is to be attributed to a want of means and time to collect and prepare samples of products for exhibition. It seems that the interest of agriculture as well as the financial and commercial interests of the country would have been promoted by placing on exhibition fair and well-arranged samples of all the products of our soil for which we are seeking markets abroad. A great contrast to this state of things was shown in 1889; for not only was ample space, with convenient buildings, especially adapted for the purpose, provided for all the agricultural exhibits, but the agriculture of the United States was fully represented in a collective exhibit prepared under the direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, and which was, after that of France, admitted to be the largest and most complete of any shown at the Exposition. By reference to the plan of the Exposition grounds it will be seen that the agricultural galleries occupied the entire length of the Quai d'Orsay from the Champ de Mars to the Esplanade des Tuilleries. There was a double row of these galleries, consisting of substantial iron-framed sheds, one story in height, and of a nearly uniform width of about 40 feet, but of varying length. The total length of these galleries was about 7,000 feet, the space covered was 9.06 acres, and uncovered 6.65 acres; i. e., 14.71 acres were devoted to the exhibits. Six of these galleries were allotted to France, while the two smallest were given to Great Britain, and the remaining two, including the longest, were divided among other countries, viz, the |