religion and infidelity,-the charge will but aim, where it cannot poffibly wound, and hardly be of force, to leave even the scar of infamy behind it.' In the fentence above-quoted we do not apprehend the force of the word even, because we imagine what he calls the fear of infamy, to be the worst mark in the world. Our author then harangues a little on the learning, piety, and loyalty of those who are called to that honourable ministration, and defires the prefent generation to fet a proper value on their own happiness. He concludes with a pious ejaculation, that the honours of this weighty truft may defcend to after ages, 'Till temporal honours fhall be no more, 'till fwallowed up, and confummated in neverfading and eternal honour. This Sermon is, upon the whole, but a poor ill-written and ill-connected performance, and has no pretence to any merit, but that of being penned by an Archdeacon.

Art. 22. Some Experiments on the Chalybeat Waters, lately discovered, near the Palace of the Lord Bishop of Rochefter, at Bromley, in Kent. With Obfervations on Chalybeat Waters in general, and the most fuccessful Method of drinking them: in which an Expedient is offered, to reconcile the different Opinions of Dr. Hoffman and Dr. Short, concerning the Existence of Alkaline Salts, in thofe Chalybeat Waters, which are commonly but improperly called Acidule. With fome plain and eafy Directions to make Artificial Chalybeat Waters; and to diftinguish, with abfolute Certainty, the Factitious from the Native. To which are added, Some Directions for discovering the unwholfome Contents of Common Water; and fome Methods of correcting them, fo as to render them more fafe for Alimentary Purposes. By Thomas Reynolds, Surgeon. 8vo. Pr. I s. Payne.

The chief defign of this performance feems to be, to recommend to the notice of the publick, a chalybeat fpring discovered about two years ago. We cannot fay there is any thing new, or particular in this treatise, except that the author is of opinion, that the chalybeat waters may be used, at least with as much fuccefs, in the winter as in fummer. That our readers may fee with what arguments he supports this opinion, we cannot do better than quote his own words.

To fpeak my mind freely upon this matter; I am of opinion, fays he, that chaly beats in general will be found, upon trial, to agree more univerfally with thofe who have occafion to drink them, in the ⚫ winter than in the fummer feafon; for the winter brings fuch advantages to the drinkers of chaly beat waters, as the fummer cannot afford, especially in particular cafes. For, befides that parti'cular habits are not fo likely to be attended with a plenitude, and all its troublesome confequences, by taking them in the winter, as they are in the fummer; the waters are much stronger of the mineral principle in cold than in warm weather; and all volatile chalybeats, without exception, are beit in the coldest weather, and moft intenfe frost. They may also be carried many miles diftant • from

from the fpring, without fuffering any fenfible injury, (as I have ' often experienced;) which cannot be done in a warm feafon by any means yet difcovered. So that thofe, who, for particular reafons, cannot go to the fpring, or even out of their rooms, or are * confined to their beds, may, in the winter, drink chalybeat waters at their own houfes, with fuch fuccefs as cannot be hoped for, or expected in a warm feafon. And those who can venture abroad, and have carriages, or can ride, or walk, may find a great many days proper and agreeable enough for exercife without any danger of being over-heated by it, as is often the cafe in very warm weather, or incommoded by the cold.

The confideration, that chalybeat waters are, for the most part, ' ordered to be drank, to counteract the effects of fome chronic difeafe, will alfo afford a very powerful reafon, for giving the preference to the winter fea on; as then the fymptoms of fuch difeafes generally occur with greater feverity: and it is very natural to fuppofe, that the tender and debilitated ftand more in need of the affiftance of this noble prophylactic, at that, than at any other ⚫ time.

What I have advanced of the ftrength of chalybeat waters, in cold weather, the good effects of drinking them in the winter, and the neceffity of continuing the ufe of them for a very long feafon in obftinate cafes, is not hypothefis, or mere conjecture, but the refult of long experience: for I have drank the waters of Tunbridge wells, the moft part of four fummers, and two winters; in the fummer upon the fpot, and in the winter at my own houfe, which is 25 miles diftant from the well. In the very hard froit of 1752 and 1753, I have thought they were as ftrong, or ftronger at home, as far as I have been able to judge, by the deepnefs of the purple they give with galls, and the irony taite, as I have at any time found them at the well. And, indeed, I had the more convincing proof of their being as efficacious, by receiving the fame benefit from them in every refpect, as when I drank them in the fummer on the fpot. All the caution that was used in filling the bottles to bring home, was to have them corked under 'water, to exclude the air as much as poffible, and refining the corks.' Art. 23. A Treatise on the Virtues and Efficacy of a Cruft of Bread, eat carly in a Morning Fafting: To which are added, Some particular Remarks concerning the great Cures accomplished by the Saliva or Fafting Spittle, as well when externally applied, as when internally given, in the Scurvy, Gravel, Stone, Rheumatifm, and divers other Difeafes, arifing from Obstructions. With fome critical Obfervations concerning the Recrements of the Blood; demonftrating, that when regularly fecreted, they both contribute to preferve the Life of Animals and keep them in Health. By Nicholas Robinfon, M. D. Member of the Royal College of Phyficians, and Phyfician to Chrift's Hofpital, London. 80. Pr. I s. Robinfon.

Neque enim, ulla alia re, homines propius ad Deos accedunt, quam falutem
hominibus dando.
CICERO.
The

The godlike Dr. Robinson (for fuch is the epithet he feems by his motto to afpire at) has in this treatife obliged the publick with the difcovery of a powerful remedy against the Gravel, Stone, Gout, and Rheumatifm. -A remedy in daily and constant use with every perfon who fwallows his fpittle. Yet if the old Athenian Cynick was alive and could hear Dr. Robinson discant upon this fubject, he might poflibly, in a fit of contradiction, take it into his head not to fwallow all his fpittle. But we fhall take the liberty to entertain our readers with the beginning of this curious treatise, from which they will eafily form a judgment of the whole. Ex pede Herculem. Se&t. I. Of the virtues of a Cruft of Bread, eat early in a morning fafting, with its force and efficacy in relieving the fcurvy, gravel, Stone, gout, rheumatism, and various other aifeafes.

I am now going to fpeak of a remedy fecond to none, in the cure and relief given in the foregoing diseases: it may indeed ferve ⚫ other intentions and purposes as far as I know, but in the Gravel, Stone, Gout, and Rheumatism, I know it to be the best and surest remedy hitherto difcovered; and if you join fafting to this noble medicine, I know none more efficacious: would you know this ⚫ invaluable fecret, it is abftinence: I fay abftinence; but by the ⚫ word abstinence, I do not mean a mere negative remedy, as if fafting was to do all the work herfelf, by fuffering nature, in due courte of time, to refolve the obftructions, and, at her leisure, to digeft off the vifcid juices and corrupt humours; for abstinence is only neceffary as an affiftant, both to improve the operation, and enable the cruft of bread, eat early in a morning fafting, to exert ⚫ its virtues with more falutary effects: for all medicines operate best upon an empty ftomach, and few purging medicines are advised, if they are greatly efficacious, but that they are prescribed to be taken in a morning early, and the first thing that the patient does and he is often advised not to eat till two or three hours after.

I chufe to express myself, in the vulgar manner of speech, be'caufe the vifible relief given in the Gravel or Stone is ufually a* fcribed to the bread alone, and not to any other affiftant remedy mixed with it in the mouth, or in its paffage to the ftomach, and fo into the blood: for it is a truth, established by conftant obfer⚫vation and experience, that divers perfons, by eating a cruft of • Bread in a morning early, and fafting two or three hours after it, have received great relief in the Gravel; others have declared, ⚫ that under the Stone their fevereft fymptoms have been mightily mitigated; and fome again, under the most painful symptoms of the Gout and Rheumatifm, have found their pains greatly relieved by adhering to this remedy, and applying chewed bread, well moistened with the fafting faliva, warm to the gouty parts and I 'do not fpeak thefe things of two or three people only, that have accidentally been thus relieved, but of hundreds, nay, I may fay thoufands, that, within my own knowledge, have received great ⚫ benefit from this invaluable and falutary medicine.

Now to examine the main point, and enquire upon what princi❝ples this great relief is given; for if we confider the bread itself,

⚫ this concrete can have no efficacy, at one time more than another, if the efficacy, I fay, proceeds from the intrinfical principles of the ⚫ bread; for then a cruit eat at five or fix in the afternoon, or at a proper distance from our meals, muft produce the fame effects upon the urinary paffages; upon the obftructions of the joints and membranes of the muscles, that it does, when eat in a morning fafting; and therefore we are to confider, whether this virtue and efficacy, fuppofed to be lodged in the bread, may not more properly be owing to fome other affifting caufe, than to the piece of bread itself; for we know very well, that the matter of fact is fo, viz. That a cruft of bread, eat early in a morning fafting, does produce these good effects in the forefaid Difeafes; and if we fearch into the virtues of bread, and confider what ingredients there is in a cruft, we fhall not discover any virtues in the bread, ⚫ more than to nourish the body; for the pureft wheat, when changed into never fo many different forms, only produces a more ele. gant nourishment: This is the prime law of its nature, and there'fore we cannot fuppofe that the bread itfelf can contain any powers capable of producing these principles of diffolution of the gravel, attenuation of the phlegm, and mitigation of the painful fymptoms of the ftone; and therefore I must conclude, that the bread itself ⚫ does not contain any principles powerful enough to accomplish that great relief, that is often received from eating a cruft of bread in a morning early; for then its great efficacy would fenfibly appear, from the great quantities we eat of this aliment, in our feveral meals, at morning, noon, and night: And hence I infer, that the good that is known to enfue, from eating the bread, must be the refult of fomewhat that accompanies the bread, and that we can 'conceive to be nothing but the fasting faliva, which leads me to fpeak of the origin, fecretion, and compofition of this fluid, or what we vulgarly call the fafting fpittle; as it is a fluid that serves divers great and important purposes in the animal-œconomy.'

After all, as there is fomething that may be worth the reader's notice in the Doctor's account of the external use of the fafting faliva, we shall deliver it as it comes to our hand, and fo conclude this article.

I am, fays the Doctor, intimately acquainted with a gentleman, that every fpring and fall was accofted (difagreeable enough greeting, you'll fay) with a very troublesome fcorbutic tetter; he had ta'ken Mercury in all shapes, advised with several phyficians, and by their advice had applied mixtures, ointments, and waters, prefcrib'ed for tettery humours, but without success: At laft, he was advised to apply the fafting faliva every morning, which, in a fortnight's time, effectually cured him.

Nor do I know a better medicine for troublesome corns. A perfon of fome distinction had a corn on the off fide of his foot, that fo fhackled his limbs, as almoft to reduce him to the flate of a cripple: He employed the corn-cutter without effect; for every time it was cut, it both bled and pained him very much: He had made ufe of plasters, balfams, ointments, lotions, and all manner of applications, but to no manner of purpose: He then accidentally 'afked

afked a gentleman's opinion, and was advised every night to foak his feet in warm water and bran, and the next morning to apply • chew'd bread, well moistened with the fasting fpittle, by way of 'pultice, which, in a little time, perfectly relieved him; for the corn, in less than a week, tumbled out by the roots, and he has • heard no more of it fince. The like happened to a gentleman that was advised to apply the chewed bread, mixed with the fafting fpittle, to a gouty node, which mightily relieved him, and has kept his feet easy ever fince.

In those hard excrefences we call warts in the hands, face, and divers other parts of the body, it is an infallible cure, if constantly used. It alfo mightily affifts in relieving fore eyes, efpecially those whose eye-lids, from hard drinking, are red, angry, and ⚫ inflamed: In these cafes, if you do but lightly touch the parts af 'fected, with this noble balfam, every morning, you will find great relief.'

Art. 24. Frugality the Support of Charity. A Sermon, preached at St. Nicholas's Church in Newcastle, before the Governors of the Infirmary, for the Counties of Durham, Newcastle, and Northumberland, on Wednesday, June 23, 1756. Being their Anniversary Meeting. By Edmund Tew, D. D. Rector of Boldon, in the County of Durham. To which is annexed, a Report of the State of the Charity; and a Lift of the Governors and Subfcribers. Preached and published at the Requeft of the Governors. 4to. Pr. Is. Hitch.

This fhort difcourfe appears to us extremly well calculated to promote the intereft of that excellent charity which it fo warmly and fincerely recommends, it is written in a plain, though not unaffecting tile, and in praise of a virtue which, of late years, is very rarely to be found amongst us. Our author's application to the prefent times is fenfible and judicious.

We are now in the morning of a new war, in which our commerce is at stake. We have often fought generously for others, ⚫ and muft now fight for ourfelves, without the affitance of our good allies--And therefore frugality is doubly neceffary to carry on this war; and indeed, without it, even victories would < not avail us; but, with it, our Naval Forces, and the Divine Fa vour, what have we to fear?'

After enumerating the advantages of frugality in every flation of life, he obferves that,

"It is plain then, that frugality intends an accomplishment of ⚫ good purposes, is as widely diftant from penurioufnefs and prodigality, as they are from one another, and must be therefore wor thy of all men to be received. To fave from ourselves, what we might enjoy, from this exalted principle, To give to him thot needeth, must be a recommendatory virtue before God and all the people. Many might come in and go out of the world unheard of, or with an ill favour, was it not for their continued aids and fubfam