ordinarily agents of destruction to the young growth in the stand being logged, and to any trees being left for reforesting purposes. For the combined purpose of taking out logs and protecting the young growth, team logging is the most successful. Our company's cut over lands reflect the value of team logging. A survey of the cut over holdings brought out the fact that the greater portion was reseeded with a good stocking of pine timber. In putting into practice the described systems of cutting timber, at Crossett, care was taken to instruct all loggers of the problems to be encountered and the regulations to be observed. If our logging department issued written instructions setting forth the principles of utilization and protection observed in the cutting of pine timber they would read something as follows: 1. Marked Trees. Trees marked with 3 or 4 spots of white wash are not cut. The spots indicating that they are to be left as seed trees or as trees for a second cut. 2. Diameter Limit. No trees 12 inches or under in diameter on the stump are cut unless a cutting is being made in a thick stand and it is deemed necessary to thin out the same. 3. Stump Heights. The height of stumps in all cases does not exceed the diameter of the trees. The maximum stump height is 24 inches, for trees greater than 24 inches in diameter. 4. Tree Felling. Before notching a tree the cutters decide on a place to throw it, so as to avoid felling it into, against or around a tree marked to be left. 5. Protection. No trees are thrown into groups of young vigorous growing pine, this can be avoided in most instances by proper notching and by pulling the tree to the right or left of the group in question. Where cuttings are made in dense stands, effort is put forth to throw the trees so as to bunch their tops in the openings. 6. Breakage. No trees are felled across stumps for in so doing great waste is incurred, through breaking and splitting. Care is exercised in the use of fall logs to prevent breakage. 7. Stripping Areas. The king swamper in stripping off cutting areas indicates the boundary line of each area by blazing hardwoods and pines which will be cut. Trees to be left are left unblemished so they can better withstand the changed conditions. 8. Measuring for Grade. After felling the tree, it is measured with strict observance as to log length and log quality or grade. In case of indecision or doubt due to the presence of rot or other defects, advice is sought from the foreman in charge. Briefly, the grade of the lumber produced is no better than the grade in the log, and for that reason it is particularly stressed that logs be measured and cut so as to have the surface clear to come in one log and the knotty portion in another log. Straight logs are wanted. Crooked trees in many cases can be made into straight logs by cutting the crook in the center. 9. Top Logs. Logs of suitable sizes are cut out of tops in so far as it is economically possible. This is dependent upon the size of the log and the number and size of the limbs present. Close utilization of tops reduces the fire risk. 10. Slash Disposal. No limbs cut from logs or other slash is thrown around standing trees or into valuable young growth. 11. Bonfires. No bonfires are made in the woods during dry seasons. Fires built in winter for warming purposes are made in the open and not against stumps or standing trees. In building a fire the builder is required to see that necessary precautions are taken in raking back all inflammable slash and forest litter. The key to putting the above mentioned regulations into action is in securing the happy coöperation of the men engaged in the cutting of timber. The logging department believes in seed trees for they will bring back the cut-over lands into heavy stands of timber again. They take pride in their work which is a glorious work composed of not only making provisions for the present generation, but also for making provisions for future generations of men. It is a work which not only develops economic stability in a commonwealth but it also affords that commonwealth satisfaction in that they are giving something of permanent value to their native land and to posterity. In this connection, as a notable example, we can find none more convincing than the operations of Solomon in building his temple. Jehovah commanded Solomon to get cedar trees out of the mountains of Lebanon for the building of the temple and suggested that he use the Sidonians in so doing "For they knew how to cut timber." When Hiram, King of Tyre, heard of the contemplated plans for the erection of the famous temple, he advised Solomon that he would be glad to supply him with the necessary cedar and firm timber from Lebanon and he further advised that he would assist in getting the timber out. Solomon very graciously accepted the offer and agreed to furnish food and men to carry on the logging operations. Undoubtedly Solomon can be justly proclaimed the king of all loggers, as he furnished 30,000 men such as hewers and carriers to get out the immense quantities of timber from Lebanon. Since Solomon's time approximately 3,000 years have elapsed and Lebanon is still heavily wooded. The population has increased and the inhabitants in the cities and country surrounding the Mountains of Lebanon where Solomon did his logging, still have bountiful supplies of timber. The question arises as to what measures were used to perpetuate the timber growth. When Jehovah commanded Solomon to build the temple, he suggested that they use the Sidonians "For they knew how to cut timber." Gentlemen, we must cut our forests so as to make proper provisions for the immediate establishment of new stands of timber. We in Arkansas want future generations to have such timber resources as we have had the pleasure of enjoying. We want them to be able to say of us, as was said of the Sidonians -"For they knew how to cut timber." TALK BY E. W. GATES CROSSETT LUMBER CO. Mr. E. W. Gates, of the Crossett Lumber Company, Crossett, Ark., enlivened the meeting by an interesting and instructive talk based on his 33 years experience in Arkansas. He began by saying that someone said you can tell a man from Texas anywhere, but you can's tell him much. He was reminded of this because a man from Texas had asked about the rate of growth and no one answered him. There are acres that will grow 200 feet of timber a year and others that will grow 600. The average land in Arkansas and North Louisiana not logged with a skidder will grow 200 feet a year. One can figure how many feet he will get an acre and how much the yield is, just the same as he can obtain his costs from his books. At $8 a thousand this would give $1.60 an acre a year. The mistake made is to capitalize too high. This should not be more than $3.00 an acre. The $3.00 is the capital stock and the expense on the 58,000 acres the company is reforesting under contract with the State of Louisiana is 9% of which 3% is taxes and 6% interest. Any one owning 5,000 acres or more is overlooking a bet, if he does not look into this game. Don't be so hard headed; get right and be doing something for yourself and for the world. Fire in March or in the early sap part of the year doesn't kill the tree, but it won't grow very much that year, except on the side that did not feel much heat. Mr. R. D. Forbes said Mr. Gates meant by 200 feet growth an acre a year, that if he had a 40 year stand, he would at the end of 40 years have 8,000 feet to the acre; while at the rate of 900 feet a year, he would in 50 years have 45,000 feet per acre. TALK BY EUGENE WATT FIRE WARDEN All day long the people who were in the Marion hotel were attracted to a man wearing a coonskin cap. Mr. E. W. Gates introduced him to the congress as Mr. Eugene Watt, one of the fire wardens of the Crossett Lumber Company, who has seven sons, was the seventh son himself and has three sons-inlaw. He raised cotton in the season, looked out for fires and extinguished them, and trapped after the other excitement was over. He controlled 14 votes. His sons, his wife, his daughters and sons-in-law all are looking for fires. Mr. Watt is interested in keeping out fires because if they burn the forests, he doesn't get his hogs. Mr. Watt said he was a warden, a trapper and farmer and a little mixed. He had a lot of trouble, for people would fire the woods. One day he loaned his pony and before it was returned, he saw smoke of a fire, so sent one of his boys to put it out. If he had had his pony, he would have caught the man, which would not have amounted to anything but he would have known who did it. When patroling, Mr. Watt carries a fire broom and a scythe rake. He beats out fire with the broom and makes a fire line with the rake, which can also be used for cutting brush. There are 200 trappers in Ashley county. At an average earning of $250 a season for each man in this business amount to $50,000. If fires continue to burn and destroy all the fur bearing animals this is a total loss to the trappers of Ashley County, Arkansas. MONDAY EVENING A get-together dinner was held at the Marion Hotel at 6:30 p. m. ($2.00 per plate). The Congress was again honored by the presence of Governor Terral. A number of members of the State Legislature and other public officials also attended. Following the addresses of Mr. E. A. Sherman and Dr. Herman von Schrenk, Mr. H. N. Wheeler Special Lecturer, U. S. Forest Service, gave a most inspiring and informing illustrated lecture entitled, "The Lure of the Forest." This was followed by a two reel movie, "The Forests of Tomorrow." THE CLARKE-MCNARY LAW. ITS LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES By E. A. SHERMAN ASSOCIATE FORESTER, FOREST SERVICE, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT I feel that it would be most appropriate for me to preface my remarks this evening with a few words of testimony expressing the debt of gratitude which the Forest Service officially, and I personally, owe to the President of this association. For a number of years past we have consistently relied upon him to back our efforts in Congress to secure urgently needed appropriations for forestry. More than once when Congressional hearings have been scheduled I have wired Mr. Holmes and he has always responded in person, and, in his capacity as State Forester, has thrown the weight and prestige of the great State of North Carolina into the balance on our side. Not once has he ever failed to rally to our support. We would be ungrateful indeed should we ever forget the favors of the past. In this connection it is not out of place to remark that in the halls of Congress the conservation of our forests has generally received unstinted support from the South. In the House of Representatives, Gordon Lee, of Georgia, who for the past thirteen years has been a member of the National Forest Reservation Commission, has doné marvelous missionary work in informing the southern members so that invariably we receive the backing of the solid delegation, not as a political or sectional policy but an economic one. We have many champions among the southern senators. For many years the senior senator from Louisiana has been one of the leading forestry advocates in the upper house. The senior senator from Mississippi introduced the resolution which resulted in the appointment of the Senate Select Committee on Reforestation, and he |