Gardening or husbandry, and working in wood, are From labour health, from health contentment springs, Contentment opes the source of every joy, Beattie, And so all ye, who would be in the right In health and purse, begin your day to date From day-break, Byron, Don Juan. HEALFANG, HEALSFANG, or HALSPANG, [from halp, neck, and pangen, to contain, Sax.] in the ancient English customs, signifies collistrigium, or the punishment of the pillory: Pæna scilicet qua alicui collum stringatur. Healfang is also taken for a pecuniary punishment or mulct, to commute for standing in the pillory; and is to be paid either to the king or the chief lord. Qui falsum testimonium dedit, reddat regi vel terræ domino healfang. HEALTH. See MEDICINE. HEALTH OF MARINERS, METHODS OF PRESERVING THE. See SEAMEN. birth in women. Thyme, penny-royal, winter HEAM, in beasts, the same as the aftersavory, and common hore-hound, boiled in white wine, and given to a mare, are esteemed good to expel the heam. Dittany, applied in a pessary, expels the heam, as well as the dead foal; so also do fennel, hops, savin, angelica, &c. Scot. hoop; Swed. hop. cumulation; a crowd; a throng; a cluster: to fit and healthy recreations for a man of study or busi- throw together; to lay up or hoard; to add : any ness. Locke. Adam knew no disease, so long as temperance from the forbidden fruit secured him : Nature was his physician, and innocence and abstinence would have kept him healthful to immortality. South. The husbandman returns from the field, and from manuring his ground, strong and healthy, because innocent and laborious. Id. Who would not believe that our Saviour healed the sick, and raised the dead, when it was published by those who themselves often did the same miracles? Addison. To the winds the inhabitants of Geneva ascribe the healthfulness of their air; for as the Alps surround them on all sides, there would be a constant stagnation of vapours, did not the north wind put them in motion. Id. on Italy. Health is the faculty of performing all actions proper to a human body, in the most perfect manner. Quincy. Air and exercise contribute to make the animal healthy. Arbuthnot. After separation of the eschar, I deterged and healed. Wiseman. A fontanel had been made in the same leg, which he forced to heal up, by reason of the pain. Id. Temperance, industry, and a publick spirit, running through the whole body of the people in Holland, hath preserved an infant commonwealth, of a sickly constitution, through so many dangers, as a much thing lying on heaps. Job xxvii. 16. Ezek. xxiv. 10. Though the wicked heap up silver as the dust, and raiment as the clay; the just shall put it on, and the innocent shall divide the silver. Heap on wood, kindle the fire. The dead were fallen down by heaps, one upon another, Wisd. xviii. 23. And if that Love aught let his bridel go, The way to lay the city flat, Id. A cruel tyranny; a heap of vassals and slaves, no freemen, no inheritance, no stirp or ancient families. Bacon. How great the credit was, wherein that oracle was preserved, may be gathered from the vast riches which were there heaped up from the offerings of all the Grecian nations. Temple. They who will make profession of painting, must heap up treasures out of their reading, and there will find many wonderful means of raising themselves above others. Dryden. An universal cry resounds aloud; HEAR, v. a. & v. n. Sax. þynan, beaɲcman; HEAR'ER, n. s. Goth. heyra; Teut. hoeHEARING, n. s. ran; Belg. hooran. The HEARK'EN, v. n. difference between hear HEARK ENER, N. s. and hearken: to hear is HEAR'SAY, N. S. simply the act of the ear; ́to hearken, an act of the ear and mind, implying effort voluntarily made. Hear has the following meanings:-To enjoy the sense by which sounds are distinguished; to listen; to be told; to perceive; give audience; to obey; to attend favorably; to try; to attend; to acknowledge a title: hearer, one who attends discourses orally delivered; one of an audience: hearken, to listen eagerly or curiously; to attend; hearsay, rumor; report. Hearken unto me, thou son of Zippor. Numbers. Deut. i. 16. In our hearing the king charged thee, beware that none touch Absalom. 2 Sam. xviii, 12, Proverbs, A scorner heareth not rebuke. Hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me. Ezek. iii. 17. I was bowed down at the hearing of mayed at the seeing of it. They think they shall be heard speaking. it; I was dis On earth for Hosza. their much Matthew. Acts, ix. 13. I have heard by many of this man. Agrippa and Bernice entered into the place of hearing. Acts He sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the faith in Christ. Id. xxiv. 24. To-day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts. Hebrews. But only for the fece thus she cried, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale. Id. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. Id. While that this king sit thus in his nobley, Herking his ministralles hir thinges pley, Beforne him at his bord delisiously In at the halle dore, al sodenly, Ther came a knight upon a stede of bros. Id. The Squieres Tale. St. John and St. Matthew, which have recorded these sermons, heard them; and being hearers, did think themselves as well respected as the Pharisees. Hooker. The fox had the good luck to be within heuring. L'Estrange. This, of eldest parents, leaves us more in the dark, who, by divine institution, has a right to civil power, than those who never heard any thing at all of heir or descent. Locke. Those who put passion in the place of reason, neither use their own, nor hearken to other people's reaId. son, any farther than it suits their humour. I must beg the forbearance of censure, till I have been heard out in the sequel of this discourse. Id. Sound is nothing but a certain modulation of the external air, which, being gathered by the external air, beats, as is supposed, upon the membrana tympani, which moves the four little bones in the tympanum in like manner, as it is beat by the external air, these little bones move the internal air which is in the tympanum and vestibulum; which internal air makes an impression upon the auditory nerve in the labyrinth and cochlea, according as it is moved by the little bones in the tympanum: so that, according to the various reflections of the external air, the internal air makes various impressions upon the auditory nerve, the immediate organ of hearing; and these different impressions represent different sounds. Quincy. HEARD signifies a keeper, and is sometimes initial; as heard-heart a glorious keeper: sometimes final, as cyneheard, a royal keeper.-Gibson's Camden. It is now written herd; as cowherd, a cow-keeper; Saxon þýrd. HEARD (Sir Isaac), the late venerable garter principal king at arms, was born at Ottery St. Mary in Devonshire, December 10th, 1730. He entered early in life into the naval service, and had a narrow escape for his life on the coast of Africa, by falling overboard with the mainmast of the ship; but was saved by the exertions of a companion, Kingsmill, who afterwards became an admiral. In 1759, being only a midshipman, he was appointed by the favor of the earl of Effingham the acting earl marshal, blue mantle pursuivant of arms. In 1761 he was made Lancaster herald; in 1774 Norroy; in 1780 Clarencieux, by patent: ahd in 1784 garter principal king at arms. At the first chapter held in 1786 he was knighted. At the age of eighty-four Sir Isaac went to Brussels, where he invested the king of the Netherlands with the order of the garter; and thence to Vienna, to perform the same ceremony to the emperor of Austria. The last public service in which he engaged was that of attending the funeral of his late majesty, with whom he had been a great favorite. Sir Isaac died at the heralds' college, April 29th 1822, having seen, with the infant of the princess Charlotte, six generations of the Brunswick family. He was buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor. HEARNE (Thomas), a learned antiquary, and classical editor, was born at White Waltham Berkshire, where his father was parish clerk and school-master about 1678. After acquiring a knowledge of Latin and Greek, he was taken into the house of a Mr. Cherry, of Shottesbrooke, with whom the celebrated Henry Dodwell then resided, to whose instructions Hearne appears to have been indebted. He was sent in 1696 to Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he was employed by Dr. Mill and Dr. Grabe in the collation of MSS., and obtained his degrees in arts in 1701 he was made assistant to Dr. Hudson, the keeper of the Bodleian library, when he greatly improved Hyde's catalogue of that literary collection. In 1712 he was appointed second librarian; and in 1715 architypographer and esquire beadle of the civil law; but he soon resigned these offices, through scrupling to take the oath of allegiance to George I. He however continued to reside at Edmund Hall, where he died June 10th 1735. His labors were almost exclusively those of an editor, in which character he merits the praise of accuracy and fidelity. He published editions of Livy, Justin, and Eutropius; but his publications chiefly consist of the monastic and other ancient chronicles of our history. Among the rarest is the Acts of the Apostles in Greek and Latin, from a MS. in the Bodleian library. HEARNE (Thomas), was born in 1744, at Binkworth, in Wiltshire, and learned the art of engraving from the ingenious Woollet; but did not afterwards follow that profession; being engaged by Sir Ralph Payne, governor of the Leeward Islands, to go out with him as a draughtsman. On his return to England he applied to the study of Gothic architecture and landscape; and, in conjunction with Mr. Byrne, undertook the Antiquities of Great Britain, for which he made the whole of the drawings. He seldom attempted bold scenery, but for truth and chasteness of coloring has seldom been surpassed. He was a member of the Society of Antiquaries: and the leader of all that is excellent in modern landscape painting in water colors. He died April 13th, 1818. HEARSE, or HERSE, n. s. Barb. Lat. hersia; or Goth. hirda, to environ, or enclose. A carriage in which the dead are conveyed to the grave; a temporary monument set grave. over a To add to your laments Underneath this marble herse Lies the subject of all verse. Ben Jonson. Marvell. And as they Nature's cradle decked, Will in green age her hearse expect. HEART, n. s. Sax. peont; Swed. hard; Teut. hertz. The muscle which by its contraction and dilatation propels the blood through the course of circulation, and is therefore considered as the source of vital motion. It is supposed in popular language to be the seat sometimes of courage, sometimes of affection, sometimes of honesty or baseness. The chief part; the vital part; the vigorous or efficacious part; the inner part of any thing. Person; character; used with respect to courage or kindness. Seat of love; affection; inclination; memory: though South seems to distinguish. Good-will; ardor of zeal. To take to heart any thing is to be zealous or solicitous or ardent about it. Anxiety; concern; secret recesses of the mind; disposition. The heart is considered as the seat of tenderness: a hard heart therefore is cruelty. To find in the heart, to be not wholly averse. Secret meaning or intention; conscience; strength; vigor; efficacy; the utmost degree of feeling; life. For my heart seems sometimes to signify, if life were at stake; and sometimes for tenderness. This word is much used in composition with other words to which it gives the idea of cordiality, or extreme of feeling; as in the following examples. Joab perceived that the king's heart was towards Absalom. 2 Sam. Michal saw king David leaping and dancing before the Lord, and she despised him in her heart. Id. vi. 16. What pretty man is this That rometh here? now, truly, drinke ne mete Nede I not have, mine herte for joye doth bete Him to beholde, so is he godely freshe; It seemeth, for love, his herte is tendre and neshe. Chaucer. The Court of Love. Wide was the wound; and a large lukewarm flood, Red as the rose, thence gushed grievously, That when the painim spyed the streaming blood, Gave him great heart and hope of victory. Spenser. Faerie Queene. There did other like unhappy accidents happen out of England, which gave heart and good opportunity to them to regain their old possessions. Spenser. Whatsoever was attained to, concerning God and his working in nature, the same was delivered over by heart and tradition from wise men to a posterity Raleigh. equally zealous, Try whether leaves of trees, swept together, with some chalk and dung mixed, to give them more Bacon. heart, would not make a good compost. If he would take the business to heart, and deal in Id. it effectually, it would succeed well. Barley being steeped in water, and turned upon a dry floor, will sprout half an inch; and if it be let alone, much more, until the heart be out. Id. Having left that city well provided, and in good heart, his majesty removed with his little army to Bewdley. Id. Milton. Eve, recovering heart, replyed. Thus over-fond, on that which is not thine. Id. Hudibras. As English Merlin for his heart. He with providence and courage so passed over all, that the mother took such spiteful grief at it, that her heart brake withal, and she died. Sidney. For my breaking the laws of friendship with you, I could find in my heart to ask you pardon for it, but that your now handling of me gives me reason to Id. confirm my former dealing. If it please you to make his fortune known, I will after take heart again to go on with his falsehood. Id. Doing all things with so pretty a grace, that it seemed ignorance could not make him do amiss, beId. cause he had a heart to do well. Every moment I'm from thy sight, the heart within my bosom Generally the inside or heart of trees is harder than Id. the outward parts. Otway. Venice Preserved. Boyle. H A friend makes me a feast, and sets all before me, but I set my heart upon one dish alone, and if that happen to be thrown down, I scorn all the rest. Temple. The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another. Id. Then mixing powerful herbs with magick art, She changed his form who could not change his heart. Dryden. What did I not, her stubborn heart to gain? But all my vows were answered with disdain. Id. That the spent earth may gather heart again, And, bettered by cessation, bear the grain. Id. Id. Here in the heart of all the town I'll stay, And timely succour where it wants convey. We all set our hearts at rest, since whatever comes from above is for the best. L'Estrange. 'Tis well to be tender; but to set the heart too much upon any thing is what we cannot justify. Id. Finding that it did them no hurt, they took heart upon't, went up to't, and viewed it. Id. Would you have him open his heart to you, and ask your advice, you must be in to do so with him Locke. first. We call the committing of a thing to memory the getting it by heart; for it is the memory that must transmit it to the heart; and it is in vain to expect that the heart should keep its hold of any truth, when the memory has let it go. South. Every prudent and honest man would join himself to that side which had the good of their country most at heart. Addison. Rowe. Such iron hearts we are, and such The base barbarity of human kind. Learned men have been now a long time searching after the happy country from which our first parents were exiled if they can find it, with all my heart. Woodward. Ah. what avails it me the flocks to keep, Shall I in London act this idle part? Id. Id. Id. Prest with heart-corroding grief and years, To the gay court a rural shed prefers. I would not be sorry to find the Presbyterians mistaken in this point, which they have most at heart. Swift. What I have most at heart is, that some method should be thought on for ascertaining and fixing our language. Id. Care must be taken not to plow ground out of heart, because if 'tis in heart, it may be improved by marl again. Mortimer. A fonder parent Nature never knew, Each villager has his ambition too; Behold the wonders of my might.' The heart is like the sky, a part of heaven, But changes night and day too, like the sky; Its storms expire in water-drops; the eye Pours forth at last the heart's-blood turned to tears, Which make the English climate of our years. Byron. Don Juan, HEART. See ANATOMY, Index. Physiologists and anatomists have from time to time attempted to make estimates of the force of the blood in the heart and arteries; but have differed as widely from each other, as they have from the truth, for want of sufficient data. This set the ingenious Dr. Hales upon making proper experiments, to ascertain the force of the blood in the veins and arteries of several animals. If, according to Dr. Keil's estimate, the left ventricle of a man's heart throws out in each systole an ounce or 1.638 cubic inches of blood, and the area of the orifice of the aorta be 0·4187, then, dividing the former by this, the quotient 3-9 is the length of the cylinder of blood which is formed in passing through the aorta in each systole of the ventricle; and, in of 292-5 inches in length will pass: this is at the seventy-five pulses of a minute, a cylinder the rate of 1462 feet in an hour. But, the systole of the heart being performed in one-third of this time, the velocity of the blood in that instant will be thrice as much, viz. at the rate of 4386 feet in an hour, or seventy-three feet in a minute. And if the ventricle throws out one ounce in a pulse, then, in the seventy-five pulses of a minute, the quantity of blood will be equal to 4.4 lbs. 11 oz.; and in thirty-four minutes a quantity equal to a middle-sized man, viz. 158 lbs. will pass through the heart. But if, with Dr. Harvey and Dr. Lower, we suppose 2 oz. of blood, that is 3.276 cubic inches, to be thrown out at each systole of the ventricle, then the velocity of the blood in entering the orifice of the aorta will be double the former, viz. at the rate of 146 feet in a minute, and a quantity of blood equal to the weight of a man's body will pass in half the time, viz. seventeen minutes. If we suppose, what is probable, that to the carotid artery of a man, the blood will rise 7+ feet high in a tube fixed and that the inward area of the left ventricle of his heart is equal to fifteen square inches, these, multiplied into 7X feet, give 1350 cubic inches of blood, which presses on that ventricle, when it first begins to contract a weight equal to 15.5 lbs. What Dr. Hales thus calculated from supposition, with regard to mankind, he actually experimented upon horses, dogs, fallow-does, &c., by fixing tubes in orifices opened in their veins and arteries; by observing the several heights to which the blood rose in these tubes as they lay on the ground; and by measuring the capacities of the ventricles of the heart and orifices of the arteries. And, that the reader may the more readily compare the said estimates together, he has given a table of them, ranged in the following order. |