the wind, by disposing her sails according to their greatest obliquity, or, in the sea phrase, by trimming all sharp; and in this situation she is said to be close hauled, as sailing W. N. W. HAUM, HAME, or HALM, n. s. Sax. healm; Dut. and Dan. halm. Straw.

In champion countrie a pleasure they take To mow up their haume for to brew and to bake : The haume is the straw of the wheat or the rie, Which once being reaped, they mow by and by.

Tusser. Having stripped off the haum or binds from the poles, as you pick the hops, stack them up.

Mortimer. HAUNCH, n. s. Fr. hanche; Dut. hancke; Ital. anca. The thigh; the hind hip; the rear; the hind part.

Hail, groom! didst thou not see a bleeding hind, Whose right haunch earst my sted fast arrow strake?

The HAUNCHES OF A HORSE are too long, if when standing in the stable he limps, with his hind legs farther back than he ought; and when the top of his tail is not in a perpendicular line to the tip of his hocks, as it always is in horses whose haunches are of a just length. Some horses, though they have too long haunches, yet commonly walk well: such are good to climb hills, but are not at all sure upon a descent; for they cannot ply their hams, and never gallop slowly, but always nearly upon a full speed. The art of riding has not a more necessary les.son than that of putting a horse upon his haunches; which is called coupling him well, or putting him well together, or compact. A horse that cannot bend or lower his haunches, throws himself too much upon his shoulder, and lies heavy upon the bridle.

HAUNT, v. a., v. n. & n. s. Į Fr. hanter. To HAUNTER, n. s. Sfrequent or be much about any place or person, always used in a bad sense: a practice or habit; a place in which one is frequently found, for bad purposes or deeds; an unwelcome visitor: it is especially used with reference to spectres and apparitions.

A good wif was there of beside Bathe;
But she was som del defe, and that was scathe.
Of cloth making she had swiche an haunt,
She passed hem of Ipres, and of Gaunt.

Chaucer. Prologue to Canterbury Tales. That other marchandise, that men hausten with fraude, and trecherie, and deceit, with lesinges and false othes,-is right cursed.

Id. The Persones Tale.
There now he lives in everlasting ioy
With many of the gods in company,
Which thether haunt, and with the winged boy,
Sporting himselfe in safe felicity.

Spenser. Faerie Queene.
I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors:
In honest plainness thou hast heard me say,
My daughter's not for thee. Shakspeare. Othello.
Where they most breed and haunt I have observed
The air is delicate.
Id. Macbeth.

Of mountains inaccessible are haunts,
And earth's and ocean's caves familiar things-
I call upon ye by the written charm which gives me
power upon you-Rise! appear!

Byron. Manfred. HAV'OCK, n. s., interj. & v. a. Welsh, hafog; Devastation, from Goth. havega, to destroy. waste, and ruin: to lay waste or destroy. Havock, the interjection, is an old word of encou ragement to slaughter.

Saul made havock of the church.

Acts viii. 3.

Id. Cato.

Ye gods! what havock does ambition make Among your works! If it had either air or fuel, it must make a greater havock than any history mentions. Cheyne. HAVRE DE GRACE, a commercial sea-port of France, is seated on the right bank of the Seine, one league from Cape La Heve. It is built on an acclivity between two hills; and is surrounded by high walls, with ditches and a citadel. Its harbour dries at low water: it has twelve feet in common tides, and twenty-five in high springs. It has also the singular advantage that the tide does not begin to fall until three hours after high water; the cause of which seems to be, that the current of the Seine, crossing the harbour's mouth with great force at the beginning of the ebb, confines the water in the harbour. It has 20,000 inhabitants, and is a maritime prefecture. The favorable situation of Havre, communicating with Paris by the Seine, renders it extremely commercial. Before the late war it had a considerable West India trade, and a number of vessels in the Greenland and Newfoundland fisheries. The passage from Southampton to Havre being much frequented, the latter is often the first French town that meets the eye of an Englishman; and, though not inferior to most places of its size, is confined and dirty in appearance. The streets are narrow, and formed of high wooden-framed houses: there are no public buildings of importance. As Normandy is a corn country there is a frequent export of that article, particularly to the southern provinces of France. The merchandise taken back by foreigners from Havre consists in colonial produce, woollen and linen, corn, cyder, and fruits. Havre is much frequented by French coasters from the west and south. The manufactures, which are on a small scale, are sail-cloth, cordage, tobacco, lace, and earthenware. That of tobacco is of old standing. Here are also several building docks, and a sugar refinery. Havre was put into a state of defence in the reign of Francis I.; but its fortifications were brought to their present perfection under Buonaparte. To his government it likewise owes several improvements in the harbour and docks, and the erection of two light-houses, on a perpendicular cliff about a league from the town. It was bombarded by the British in 1759, 1794, and 1795. It is forty-five miles west of Rouen, and 112 north-west of Paris.

VOL. XI.

HAURIANT, in heraldry, a term peculiar to fishes; signifying their standing upright, as if refreshing themselves by sucking in the air. See HERALDRY.

HAURUCA ISLE, one of the Amboyna Isles, a small island in the eastern seas, about twentyfive miles in circumference. Long. 128° 40′ E. lat. 3° 40′ S.

HAUSRUCKVIERTEL, i. e. the Quarter of Hausrude, a circle of Upper Austria, bounded by the Danube, the circle of the Traun, and Bavaria. It was formerly of more than double its present extent of about 733 square miles; for, after the disastrous campaign of 1809, the western part was ceded to Bavaria. This district is named after the Hausruck, a mountain and great forest within its circuit. The most remarkable circumstance here is a subterraneous bed of wood, impregnated with bituminous matter. Wood deposited in the shafts of the mines becomes speedily impregnated with bitumen. In the summer of 1817, part of the mountain having fallen in, its place was occupied by a lake: ten cottages on the verge of the mountain were destroyed, but no lives lost. Population 109,000. The capital is Lintz.

HA'UTBOY, n. s. Fr. oboe, or haut and bois. A wind instrument.

I told John of Gaunt he beat his own name; for you might have trussed him and all his apparel into an eel-skin: the case of a treble hautboy was a mansion for him. Shakspeare.

Now give the hautboys breath; he comes, he comes.
Dryden.

The HAUTBOY is shaped much like the lute; only it spreads and widens towards the bottom, and is sounded through a reed. The treble is two feet long; the tenor goes a fifth lower when blown open: it has only eight holes; but the bass, which is five feet long, has eleven. The name is French, haut bois, q. d. high wood; and is given to this instrument because the tone of it is higher than that of the violin.

HAUTBOY STRAWBERRY. See FRAGARIA and STRAWBERRY.

HAUTE FEUILLE (John), an ingenious mechanic, born at Orleans in 1647. Though he was an ecclesiastic, and enjoyed several benefices, he applied almost his whole life to mechanics, in which he made a great progress. He had a particular taste for clock-work, and made several discoveries in it that were of singular use. He found out the secret of moderating the vibration of the balance by means of a small steel spring, which has since been made use of. This discovery he laid before the members of the Academy of Sciences, in 1674 ; and these watches are called pendulum watches, not that they have real pendulums, but because they nearly approach to the justness of pendulums. M. Huygens perfected this happy invention; but having declared himself the inventor, and obtained from Louis XIV. a patent for making watches with spiral springs, the abbé Feuille opposed the registering this privilege, and published a piece on the subject against M. Huygens. He wrote a great number of other pieces, most of which are small pamphlets consisting of a few pages, but very curious; as, 1. The Perpetual Pendulum; 4to.

G

of significations, as, a bird of prey, anciently used in sport to catch birds: to fly hawks; to fly at or attack on the wing. Hawked, formed like a hawk's bill. Hawk, as derived from hoch, is to force up phlegm from the throat with a noise, from hock: to sell by proclaiming in the streets; and a hawker is one thus employed. Hawkweed is a plant. Of the birds there are several kinds, as goshawk, sparrowhawk, &c.

Gret was the sorwe for that haukes harme, That Canace and all hire women made.

Chaucer. The Squieres Tale. There was the tirant with his fethers don And grene, I mene the goshauke, that doth pine To birdes, for his outrayious ravine.

A long-winged hawk, when he is first whisteled off the fist, mounts aloft, and for his pleasure fetcheth many a circuit in the ayr, still soaring higher and higher, till he be come to his full pitch, and in the end, when the game is sprung, comes down amain, and stoops upon the sudden.

Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. Hawking comes near to hunting, the one in the ayre as the other on the earth, a sport as much affected as the other, by some preferred. Id. It can be no more disgrace to a great lord to draw a fair picture, than to cut his hawk's meat,

Peacham.

Blood, cast out of the throat or windpipe, is spit out with a hawking or small cough; that out of the gums is spit out without hawking, coughing, or vomiting. Harvey.

Flat noses seem comely unto the Moor, an aquiline or hawked one unto the Persian, a large and prominent nose unto the Roman. Browne.

Whether upward to the moon they go, Or dream the Winter out in caves below, Or hawk at flies elsewhere, concerns us not to know. Dryden.

One followed study and knowledge, and another hawking and hunting. Locke.

He that hawks at larks and sparrows has no less sport, though a much less considerable quarry, than he that flies at nobler game.

Id.

A falc'ner Henry is, when Emma hawks; With her of tarsels and of lures he talks. Prior. She complained of a stinking tough phlegm which she hawked up in the mornings. Wiseman.

To grace this honoured day the queen proclaims, By herald hawkers high, heroick games : She summons all her sons; an endless band Pours forth, and leaves unpeopled half the land.

Pope. I saw my labours, which had cost me so much thought, bawled about by common hawkers, which I

HAWKE (Edward), lord Hawke, a brave British admiral, was the son of an eminent barrister, and entered into the navy at an early age. In 1734 he obtained the command of a man of war, and distinguished himself by his bravery in the famous engagement in 1744, wherein the British fleet was commanded by Matthews, Lestock, and Rowley. See ENGLAND. In 1747 he was made rear-admiral of the White, when he defeated a large French fleet, and captured five ships of the line; on which he was created a knight of the Bath. In 1759 he defeated admiral Conflans off Belleisle, and was rewarded with a pension of £2000 a-year. In 1765 he was appointed vice-admiral of Great Britain, and first lord of the admiralty. In 1776 he was created a British peer, and died in 1781.

HAWKERS were anciently persons who went from place to place buying and selling brass, pewter, and other merchandise, which ought to be uttered in open market. In this sense the word is mentioned, 25 Hen. VIII., cap. 6., and 33, cap. 4. The appellation seems to have arisen from their uncertain wandering, like those who, with hawks, seek their game where they can find it. The term is now used as synonymous with pedlar; a person who travels about the country selling wares. Every hawker must take out an annual license, for which he must pay £4; and if he travels with a horse, ass, or mule, for every one of them £8. If he travels without a license, or contrary to it, he forfeits for every offence, to the informer, and the poor of the parish where discovered, £10. The acts relating to hawkers do not extend to makers of goods or their agents; or to those who sell goods in fairs or markets; to the sellers of fish, fruit, or other victuals; nor to the venders of newspapers. But hawkers shall not, by virtue of such license, sell or offer to sale any tea or spirituous liquors, though with a permit, under the penalty of having the same seized, and imprisonment and prosecution of the offender.

HAWKESWORTH (John), LL.D. a celebrated English writer, born in 1715, and brought up to the profession of a watchmaker. He was a member of the Rev. Mr. Bradbury's church, from which he was expelled for irregularity. He afterwards devoted himself to literature, and became an author of considerable eminence. In the early part of his life his circumstances were rather confined. He resided some time at Bromley, in Kent, where his wife kept a boarding school. He afterwards became known to a lady who had great property and interest in the East India Company, and through her means was chosen a director of that body. His Adventurer is his principal work, and its merits procured him the degree of LL. D. through archbishop Herring. When the design of com piling a narrative of the discoveries in the South