'must be finished with a hot iron, and the crown is done. The brim must, in like manner, be cemented to a substance or body made with willow, or other fit material, sufficiently thick to make the inside of the brim. The brim and body are now to be pressed together, after which the under side of the brim may be covered with another shell of beaver or silk shag. The crown and brim are now to be sewed together: the edge of the brim must be oiled and varnished with copal-varnish and boiled linseed oil, to preThe cement used for vent any rain getting in. sticking the parts together may be made with one pound of gum Senegal, one pound of starch, one pound of glue, and one ounce of bees'-wax, Hats made in to be boiled in a quart of water. this way, require only to be wiped dry after they have been exposed to the heaviest rain.

Hats are likewise made, for women's wear, of chips, straw, or cane, by platting, and sewing the plats together, beginning with the centre of the crown, and working round till the whole is finished. Hats, for the same purpose, are also woven, and made of horse-hair, silk, and other substances. See SILK and SATIN HATS, and STRAW.

HATCH, v. a., v. n. & n. s. Į Saxon, œcan; HATCH'WAY, n. s. Germ. hecken, as Skinner thinks, from Sax. heghen, eghen, 3, egg. To produce young from eggs by incubation: to form, contrive, or bring to perfection; to disclose (from hacher, to cut); to shade lines in drawing: hatch, a brood excluded from the egg; a discovery, a preparation, from Sax. hæca; Dut. hecke, a bolt. A half door; a door with opening over it: perhaps from hacher, to cut, as a hatch is part of a door cut in two also, in the plural, the doors or openings by which they descend from one deck or floor of a ship to another: hatches also signify floodgates.

Which thing they very well knew, and I doubt not will easily confess, who live both to their great toil, and grief, where the blasphemies of Arians are renewed by them; who, to hatch their heresy, have chosen those churches as fittest nests where AthanaHooker. sius's creed is not heard.

There she's hid;

The mariners all under hatches stowed.

Shakspeare. Such as Agamemnon and the hand of Greece Should hold up high in brass! and such again As venerable Nestor, hatched in silver, Should with a bond of air, strong as the axle-tree On which heaven rides, knit all the Grecian ears

To his experienced tongue.

Something about, a little from the right, In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Something's in his soul,

Id.

Id.

O'er which his melancholy sits on brood :
And, I do doubt, the hatch and the disclose
Id. Hamlet.
Will be some danger.

To the king's ship, invisible as thou art,
There shalt thou find the mariners asleep
Under the hatches.

Id. Tempest. He was a man harmless and faithful, and one who never hatched any hopes prejudicial to the king, but always intended his safety and honour. Hayward. Who first shall wound, through others arms, his blood appearing fresh, Shall win this sword, silvered and hatcht. Chapman.

Their callow young.

Milton.

and begin to sit.

Ray.

HATCHET, n. s. 2 Fr. hache, hachetée; HAT CHET-FACE, n. s. Lat. ascia. A small axe. Hatchet-face, an ugly face, such perhaps as might be hewn out of a block by a hatchet; it is sometimes also used for a thin, sharp physiognomy.

His harmful hatchet he hent in his hand, And to the field he speedeth. Spenser. Ye shall have a hempen caudle then, and the help of a hatchet. Shakspeare. Henry VI. Nails, hammers, hatchets sharp, and halters strong. Crashaw.

Tyrrheus, the foster-father of the beast,
Then clenched a hatchet in his horny fist.
Dryden.

An ape his own dear image will embrace :
Id.
An ugly beau adores a hatchet-face.
The hatchet is to hew the irregularities of stuff.
Mozon.

Our countryman presented him with a curious hatchet, and, asking him whether it had a good edge, tried it upon the donor.

Addison.

HATCH'MENT, n. s. Corrupted from achievement. See ACHIEVEMENT. Armorial escutcheon placed over a door at a funeral.

His means of death, his obscure funeral,
No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones,
No noble rites nor formal ostentation,
Cry to be heard.

Shakspeare. HATE, v. a. & n. s. Sax. pabian; Goth. HATEFUL, adj. hata; Swed. hat. To HATEFULLY, adv. detest; to abhor; to HATE FULNESS, n.s. abominate. These HA'TER, n. s. words are all expresHA'TRED, n. s. sive of a feeling contrary to love, and implying abhorrence, detestation, malignity, ill-will. Hateful is applicable either to the object or agent.

Those old inhabitants of thy holy land thou hatest for doing most odious works. Wisdom xii. 4.

You are, I think, assured I love you not. -Your majesty hath no just cause to hate me. Shakspeare.

My name's Macbeth.

The devil himself could not pronounce a title More hateful to mine ear. Id.

Whilst he stood up and spoke,
He was my master, and I wore my life
To spend upon his haters.

Id.

And, worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's conquest. Dryden.

Hate to Mezentius, armed five hundred more. Id. But whatsoever our jarring fortunes prove,

But Umbriel, hateful gnome! forbears not so; He breaks the phial whence the sorrows flow. Pope. She is a Presbyterian of the most rank and virulent kind, and consequently has an inveterate hatred to the church. Swift. Nausicaa teaches, that the afflicted are not always the objects of divine hate. Broome's Notes on the Odyssey. Why dost thou shun the salt? that sacred pledge, Which, once partaken, blunts the sabre's edge, Makes even contending tribes in peace unite, And hated hosts seem brethren to the sight.

Byron. Corsair.

HATFIELD, or BISHOP'S HATFIELD, a market town of Hertfordshire, nineteen miles and a half north of London. It was called Bishop's Hatfield, because it belonged to the Bishop of Ely. Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, held a synod in it, A.D. 681, against the Eutychian beresy. It had once a royal palace, wherein prince William, son of Edward III., was born, and whence Edward VI. and queen Elizabeth were conducted to the throne. King James I. exchanged the manor with Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards lord Salisbury, for Theobalds; and the lordship still remains in that noble family, who have a fine seat here. The rectory is reckoned worth £800 a-year. Here are two charity schools, and a market on Thursdays, with fairs in April and October. Hatfield is seven miles W.S.W, of Hertford.

HATFIELD BROAD OAK, HATFIELD REGIS, or KING'S HATFIELD, a town of Essex, seated on a branch of the Lea, twenty-nine miles N. N. E. of London; so called from its tenure by king William the Conqueror and his successors, and from a broad oak growing in the town. The church is an ancient Gothic structure, having a curious monument and cross-legged effigy to the memory of Robert Vere, the first earl of Oxford, lord high chamberlain of England. A priory of black canons was founded here by his ancestors. It formerly had a market on Saturday. It lies eight miles south-west of Dunmow.

HATHAZ, a town of Hungary, in the county of Szabolcs, belonging to the tribe of Haiduks, and containing 4000 inhabitants, chiefly Calvinists. Eleven miles north of Debreczin.

HATHERLEIGH, a town of Devonshire, near

Id.

Hatred is the passion of defiance, and there is a kind of aversation and hostility included in its very essence; but then, if there could have been hatred in the world when there was scarce any thing odious, it would have acted within the compass of its proper object. South.

They never wanted so much knowledge as to in

form and convince them of the unlawfulness of a man's being a murderer, an hater of God, and a covenant-breaker. Id.

Sherlock.

Hatred has in it the guilt of murder, and lust the guilt of adultery. Retain no malice nor hatred against any be ready to do them all the kindness you are able.

:

Wake.

considerable woollen manufacture, and markets on Tuesday and Friday. It is twenty-eight miles W. N. W. of Exeter, and 201 west of London.

HATTEMISTS, in ecclesiastical history, a modern Dutch sect, so called from Pontian Van Hattem, a minister in Zealand, towards the close of the seventeenth century, who, being addicted to the sentiments of Spinoza, was degraded from his pastoral office. The Verschorists and Hattemists resemble each other in their religious systems, though they never formed one communion. The founders of these sects deduced from the doctrine of absolute decrees a system of uncontrollable necessity; they denied the difference between moral good and evil, and the corruption of human nature: whence they concluded, that mankind were under no obligation to correct their manners, improve their minds, or

obey the divine laws; that the whole of religion consisted not in acting, but in suffering; and that all the precepts of Jesus Christ are reducible to this one, that we bear with cheerfulness and patience the events that happen to us through the divine will, and make it our constant and only study to maintain a permanent tranquillity of mind. Thus far they agreed; but the Hattemists farther affirmed, that Christ made no expiation for the sins of men by his death, but had only suggested to us by his mediation, that there was nothing in us that could offend the Deity; this, they say, was Christ's manner of justifying his servants, and presenting them blameless before the tribunal of God. It was one of their distinguishing tenets, that God does not punish men for their sins, but by their sins. These two sects, says Mosheim, still subsist, though they no longer bear the names of their founders.

HATTER, v. a. Perhaps corrupted from batter. To harass; to weary; to wear out with fatigue.

Dryden.

He's hattered out with penance. HATTERAS CAPE, one of the most dangerous and most remarkable capes on the coast of the United States, North America: it is the salient point of the sand-bank that encloses Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, in N. lat. 35° 15′. Off the cape is a cluster of shoals, at the distance of five leagues, with channels within them. In bad weather the combined forces of the gulf stream, and the winds, produce the most tremendous breakers on these shoals; but in fair weather they may be sailed over by vessels of eight or nine feet. Their seaward, or exterior edge, goes off perpendicularly from ten fathoms to no soundings, and by a comparison of the old and modern charts they seem to have greatly decreased. A little north of Cape Hatteras, with the wind off shore, a boat may land and procure fresh water by digging a foot or two deep in the sand of the beach.

HATTIA ISLE, a low island of Bengal, formed by the mud of the great rivers Brahmapootra and Ganges, at their junction with the ocean in Bengal Bay. In length it is about fourteen miles, by ten the average breadth. At spring tides, during the rains, it is nearly submerged. Salt of an excellent quality is manufactured here for the company.

HAVANNAH, a city of the West Indies, the capital of the Island of Cuba, is situated on the north coast, at the mouth of the Lagida. Its port is capable of containing 1000 ships in perfoot shelter; the depth generally six fathoms. The entrance is by a passage one mile and a half long, and very narrow, and three large ships have been sunk in it to render it more difficult. It is defended by the Morro Castle on the east, and by the fort of Punta on the west. The Morro is situated on an elevation that renders it impossible to cannonade it from shipping; it consists of two bastions towards the sea, and two towards the land, with a covered way and deep ditch cut in the rock, and can bring many guns to bear on the entrance of the harbour. Punta fort is situated on a low point, and forms a square, with casemates, and a ditch cut in the rock. The other fortifications are numerous and

formidable. The city is on the west side of the port. When old Spain preserved the command of her colonies, the annual fleet sailed from the Havannah in September, and, besides merchandise, it usually conveyed 30,000,000 of piastres in coin. A packet sailed from Corunna to the Havannah and Porto Rico every month. The city contains eleven churches, two hospitals, a dock-yard, lazaretto, and numerous public buildings; an aqueduct supplies the shipping with water, and turns the saw-mills in the dock-yard. The houses, which are elegant, are mostly of stone. There are several convents; and the great square is a fine ornament to the place. The churches are magnificently ornamented with gold and silver lamps, images, &c. The manners of the inhabitants are said to be polished, and they have societies for the encouragement of the arts and sciences. The importance of this city and harbour has caused it to be repeatedly attacked. In 1536 it was taken by a French pirate, but ransomed for 700 dollars; it was again taken by the English, and by the French, and by the Buccaneers; but the most memorable attack was that by the British in 1762. Admiral Sir George Pococke and lord Albemarle conducted a fleet and troops to the Havannah; and after a determined resistance of two months and eight days, on the 14th of August, the Moro Castle and place surrendered, as well as a district of 180 miles to the west of the town. The victors captured nine sail of the line; three more were sunk by the Spaniards; two on the stocks were burnt; and a great many merchant vessels completed the spoil. merchandise and specie found in the place was supposed to amount in value to £3,000,000 sterling. This city was restored to Spain at the peace of 1763; since which the government has been often employed in increasing its strength and resources. The trade is computed to amount, by importations (the exportations being chiefly in sugar, wax, and coffee), to £20,000,000 of piastres. Population 25,000.

The

HAU BERK, n. s. Old Fr. hauberg. A coat of mail; a breast-plate.

and at the last
The statue of Mars began his hauberke ring;
And with that soun he heard a murmuring
Full low and dim, that sayde thus Victorie,
For which he yaf to Mars honour and glorie.
Chaucer. The Knightes Tale.

And over that a fin hauberk
Was all ywrought of jewes work,
Ful strong it wos of plate.

Id. The Rime of Sire Thopas.
Him on the hauberk struck the princess sore,
That quite disparted all the linked frame,
And pierced to the skin.
Faerie Queene.
Hauberks and helms are hewed with many a wound ;.
The mighty maces with such haste descend,
They break the bones, and make the solid armour
bend.
Dryden.

HAVE, v. a. in the present I have, thou hast, he hath; we, ye, they have; pret. and part. pass. had. Sax. Fabban; Fr. avoir; Ital. avcre; Goth. haban; Dut. hebben. In the Mæso-Goth. we have haba and habaith; whose progress a aga, aha, ha, hava, says Mr. Thomson, was easily. traced to the Latin habeo.

To be engaged, as in a task or employment. If we maintain things that are established, we have to strive with a number of heavy prejudices, deeply rooted in the hearts of men. Hooker.

The Spaniard's captain never hath to meddle with his soldiers' pay. Spenser on Ireland. Of the evils which hindered the peace and good ordering of that land, the inconvenience of the laws was the first which you had in hand. Spenser.

Kings have to deal with their neighbours, their wives, their children, their prelates or clergy, their nobles, their merchants, and their commons. Bacon. To wish; to desire; in a lax sense.

I had rather be a door-keeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Psalms.

I would have no man discouraged with that kind of life or series of actions, in which the choice of others, or his own necessities may have engaged him. Addison.

To buy.

If these trifles were rated only by art and artfulness, we should have them much cheaper. Collier.

It is most used in English, as in other European languages, as an auxiliary verb to make the tenses; have, hast, and hath, or has, the preterperfect; and had, and hadst, the preterpluperfect.

If there had been words enow between them to have expressed provocation, they had gone together by the ears. Congreve.

I have heard one of the greatest geniuses this age has produced, who had been trained up in all the polite studies of antiquity, assure me, upon his being obliged to search into records, that he at last took an incredible pleasure in it. Addison.

I have not here considered custom as it makes things easy, but as it renders them delightful; and, though others have made the 'same reflections, it is possible they may not have drawn those uses from it.

Id.

That admirable precept which Pythagoras is said to hav given to his disciples, and which that philesopher must have drawn from the observation I have enlarged upon. Id.

The gods have placed labour before virtue. Id. This observation we have made on man. Id. Evil spirits have contracted in the body habits of lust and sensuality, malice, and revenge. Id.

Their torments have already taken root in them. Id. That excellent author has shown how every particular custom and habit of virtue will, in its own nature, produce the heaven, or a state of happiness, in him who shall hereafter practise it. Id.

Have at, or with, is an expression denoting resolution to make some attempt. They seem to be imperative expressions; have this at you; let this reach you; or take this; have with you; take this with you; but this will not explain have at it, or have at him, which must be considered as more elliptical; as, we will have a trial at it, or at him.

He that will caper with me for a thousand marks, let him lend me the money, and have at him.

Shakspeare.

I can bear my part; 'tis my occupation: have at it with you. Id.

I never was out at a mad frolick, though this is the maddest I ever undertook; have with you lady mine; Dryden. I take you at your word.