were afterwards disregarded by Tippoo, who said that the British had forfeited their title to liberty, by a breach of the articles of capitulation, in embezzling and secreting the public money, which was all, in good faith, to be delivered up. That this was really the case seems to be universally acknowledged. By this circumstance the fate of the garrison was decided. General Matthews was sent for next morning to a conference. He was not, however, admitted to the presence of Tippoo, but immediately thrown, into chains. Most of the other principal officers were, on various pretences, separated from the army. The general and his companions were conducted to Seringapatam, the capital of Mysore; and, after having experienced a variety of severities, were at last put to death by poison. We now proceed to give some account of the war with the Mahrattas, begun by reason of the protection afforded to the assassin Rogobah Row. This man had formerly obliged the Mogul to take shelter in the English factory at Bengal; but, losing his credit among his own countrymen, was expelled. On his arrival at Bombay an alliance was formed between him and the English government; by which the latter engaged to replace him in the Mahratta regency, in consideration of some valuable cessions of territory. The supreme council of Bengal, however, disowned this treaty, and concluded one with the Mahrattas in March 1776; by which it was agreed, that they should provide for Ragobah's subsistence according to his rank, on condition of his residing in their country. This being not at all agreeable to Ragobah, he fled once more to Bombay, where a new confederacy was entered into for his restoration. "The council of Bengal approved of this, on account of the approaching rupture with France; and a detachment was, in February 1778, ordered to march across the continent of India. By some mismanagement in this expedition, the whole army was obliged to capitulate with the Mahratta general on the 9th of January 1779. One of the terms of the capitulation was, that a body of troops which were advancing on the other side should be obliged to return to Bengal. But general Goddard, the commander of these forces, denying the right of the council of Bengal to remand him, proceeded on his march, and arrived on the 18th of February. Here he received orders to conclude a new treaty, if it could be obtained on easier terms than that of the capitulation, by which it had been engaged to cede all our acquisitions in the country of the Mahrattas. Such flagrant disregard to any stipulations that could be made greatly provoked the Mahrattas, and induced them to join in the confederacy with Hyder Aly. The war, however, was successfully begun by general Goddard, in January 1780. In three months he reduced the whole province of Guzerat. Madajee Sindia, the Mahratta general, advanced to oppose him; but, as he did not choose to venture a battle, the English general stormed his camp, and totally routed him. Other exploits were performed in the course of this campaign; during which Mr. Hastings, the governor-general, seeing no hopes of an accommodation, entered into a treaty with

the rajah of Gohud, and with his consent major Popham reduced a fortress in his dominions, named Guallior, garrisoned by the Mabrattas, and hitherto reckoned impregnable. These successes were followed by the dreadful incursions of Hyder Aly above related, which put a stop to the conquests of general Goddard; all the forces he could spare being required to assist the army under Sir Eyre Coote. The last exploit of general Goddard was the reduction of the island of Salsette, and of a strong fortress near it, named Bassein. The army of Sindia, consisting of 30,000 men, was also defeated this year by colonel Carnac; and the Mahrattas, disheartened by their losses, consented to a separate peace with the British.

The expenses incurred by these wars were so great, that Mr. Hastings was reduced to the greatest difficulties. All the treasure of Bengal was exhausted, and it was found necessary to draw extraordinary contributions from the British allies. One of the most remarkable results was the revolt of Benares. The rajah of this country had formerly put himself under the protection of the English, who, on their part, agreed to secure his dominions to him, on condition of his paying an annual subsidy to the nabob of Oude. In 1770 the rajah died, and was succeeded by his son Cheit Sing, who held the sovereignty at the time we speak of. On the death of the nabob, in 1775, a new treaty was made with his successor, by which the sovereignty of Benares was transferred to the East India Company, an acquisition equivalent to £240,000 per annum; at the same time that the subsidy paid by Suja Dowla, and which by lord Clive had been fixed at £36,000, and afterwards raised to £220,000, was now augmented to £312,000 per annum. On receiving intelligence, in July 1778, that war had actually commenced between France and Britain, Cheit Sing was required to pay £50,000 as his share of the public burdens. This demand was met with extreme reluctance by a prince who already contributed £240,000, and probably thought that an abundant equivalent for the protection he enjoyed. The same requisition, however, was made the two succeeding years, but with a promise that the demand should cease when peace was restored. A body of troops was also quartered upon him, and he was obliged to pay for their maintenance, lest he should not voluntarily pay the additional £50,000. In November 1780, in addition to these requirements, he was also ordered to send into the field such a body of horse as he could spare; but this was never complied with. In July 1781, Mr. Hastings having, it is said, received some intelligence that the oppressed rajah meditated rebellion, set out on a visit to the nabob of Oude, and in his way proposed to clear up the misunderstanding. The method by which he intended to do this was to lay a fine upon the prince of £400,000 or £500,000; and as a reason for doing so, it was alleged, that the late rajah had left £1,000,000 sterling in his treasury; a sum which was continually increasing. Cheit Sing advanced to the borders of his territories to meet the governor-general, behaving with all imaginable submission; and, having received

private intelligence of what was meditated against him, offered to pay down £200,000. This was refused; and the governor-general, having reached the capital, forbid the rajah his presence, and by a letter acquainted him with his causes of complaint. Cheit Sing sent a respectful answer; but, as he endeavoured to exculpate himself, Mr. Hastings was so far from being satisfied, that he put the prince under arrest. Such an unheard-of proceeding excited the utmost surprise and resentment, in subjects accustomed to regard their sovereign with a degree of reverence little short of adoration. On the very day of the arrest they assembled tumultuously, cut in pieces the guard which had been set on the palace, and carried off their prince in triumph. It does not appear, however, that this was any other than a transitory tumult; for, though they could easily have cut off the governor-general, they made no attempt against him. Cheit Sing protested his innocence, and made the most unlimited offers of submission, but all in vain. His government was declared vacant, and the zemindary bestowed on the next heir; while the annual subsidy to the government of Bengal was augmented from £240,000 to £400,000 annually. The miserable rajah was forced to fly his country; and his mother, though promised leave to retire upon conditions, was attacked in her retreat, and plundered by the soldiers. After all his endeavours to procure money, however, Mr. Hastings found this adventure turn out much less profitable than he had expected; for the treasury of the fugitive prince was seized and retained by the soldiers.

With the nabob of Oude a new treaty was concluded; the design of which was evidently to ease him of some of the burdens to which he was at that time subjected. Part of the British troops were therefore withdrawn from his dominions. As Fizulla Khan, the most prosperous of his dependents, had been called upon to furnish a body of 5000 horse to join the nabob's army, and had not complied with the requisition, the guarantee of his treaty with the nabob, formerly executed, was withdrawn; but, it being afterwards discovered that his territory was not equivalent to the claims of the governor, the treaty was renewed on payment of a slight fine. As the widow of Sujah Dowla was suspected of favoring the late rajah Cheit Sing, the reigning prince was allowed to reclaim the treasures of his father in her possession, and likewise to deprive her of a small province she had in possession, on condition of paying her a certain stipulated allowance annually. The treasures were seized as payment of the debts of the prince to the company.

Hostilities continued in India between the French and British, till the year 1783 was far advanced, and long after tranquillity had been restored in other parts of the world. In the beginning of the season for action, the governor and council of Bengal determined to send an ample supply to the presidency of Madras, that so they might be enabled to put an end to the war, which Tippoo seemed willing to prosecute with even more vigor than his father had done. For this purpose Sir Eyre Coote, who, for his

health, had gone to Bengal by sea, set sail once more for Madras, being entrusted with a large sum of money for the expenses of the war. In his passage he was chased for forty-eight hours by two French men of war. The solicitude and fatigue he underwent during this time, being almost constantly upon deck, occasioned a relapse, so that he died in two days after his arrival. The invasion of Tippoo's dominions having called him off from the Carnatic, general Stuart took the opportunity of attacking him in another quarter. Colonel Fullarton was despatched with a large body of troops to invade the province of Coimbatour. This he executed with great success. General Stuart, however, having still greater designs in view, was obliged to recall this gentleman in the midst of it. The siege of the strong fortress of Cuddalore was the operation which engaged his attention. It was now become the principal place of arms belonging to the French; was strongly fortified, and garrisoned by a numerous body of the best troops of France, as well as a considerable number of Tippoo's choicest forces. The siege therefore proved so difficult, that, though the British displayed the utmost valor and military skill, they were not able to reduce the place until hostilities were interrupted by the news of a general pacification having taken place in Europe. In this siege a corps of sepoy grenadiers encountered and overcame the French troops opposed to them with fixed bayonets. For this remarkable instance of valor, they not only received the highest applause at the time, but provision was made for themselves and families by the presidencies to which they belonged. After the reduction of Hydernagur, and the destruction of the army under general Matthews, the British possessed only three places of consequence in the kingdom of Canara. These were Mangalore, Onore, and Carwa. The siege of all these places was undertaken at once. Mangalore, the principal port in the country, was defended by a very numerous garrison under major Campbell. Tippoo sat down before it on the 19th of May; and the attack and defence were both conducted with the greatest spirit and activity. Notwithstanding the utmost efforts of the beseigers, however, and that the garrison were reduced to the last extremity for want of provisions, they held out in spite of every difficulty, until, peace being concluded, the place was afterwards delivered up. In other parts nothing more happened, than an indecisive engagement between M. Suffrein and admiral Hughes

A combination of various causes contributed to produce the war of 1789. The splendid embassy sent by Tippoo to the court of France, soon after the peace of Mangalore in 1784, had given reason to suspect that some plan was concerted between that court and the tyrant of Mysore, for the annoyance of Great Britain; but this plan, whatever was its extent, was defeated by the French revolution. The Dutch were no less jealous of the increasing power of Tippoo, on account of the vicinity of their flourishing settlement at Cochin to the sultan's territories. They also possessed the forts of Crangamore and Acottah in this vicinity. To

procure possession of these forts, Tippoo marched a formidable force, in June 1789, towards Cranganore, of which the Dutch had taken possession, when in alliance with his father Hyder Aly. The Dutch afterwards sold them both to the rajah of Travancore, an ally of Britain; and thus, with their usual policy, placed Britain as a barrier against Tippoo's encroachments on their settlement at Cochin. The rajah gave farther offence to the sultan, by purchasing some territory from the rajah of Cochin, a tributary of Tippoo, without consulting him. Tippoo, therefore, made a direct attack upon the lines of Travancore, on the 29th of December 1789; but, on receiving a remonstrance from the British government at Fort George, he desisted, sent back the prisoners, and affirmed as an apology, that the rajah's people had first fired on his troops. On the 1st of May, 1790, the rajah attacked Tippoo, who had continued quiet from December 29th. For this step the rajah alleged in excuse the hostile preparations of Tippoo, in erecting batteries, &c. This attack was expected by the British, and some say concerted with them. The grand Carnatic army was instantly assembled, under general Meadows, in the southern pro ́vinces, and a plan of operations agreed on, between him and general Abercrombie, who had the command of the Bombay army, and colonel Kelly of the centre army; so named from its position between Madras and Mysore. The Nizam and the Poonah Mahrattas were appointed to penetrate into the territory of Tippoo across their respective frontiers, and Seringapatam was fixed on as the common centre. On the 24th of May general Meadows joined the grand army, and on the 15th of June entered Tippoo's dominions, when the fort of Carroor immediately surrendered. Seven days were spent in marching fifty-nine miles to Duraporum, where they found a supply of grain, and heard that Tippoo had ascended the Ghauts. On the 22d of July the army entered Coimbettore, which was evacuated, though it contained much grain and military stores. Several other forts were also reduced. In the end of August colonel Floyd reduced Sattimungalum, though garrisoned by a battalion, and well supplied with provisions. But on the 12th of September Tippoo began a smart cannonade on this detachment, who retreated to Coimbettore on the 13th; but, being closely pressed, repulsed the Mysorean troops on the 14th. On the 18th general Meadows marched to the east to offer Tippoo battle, but found he had retreated to Sattimungalum, on which he returned to Coimbettore.

On the 12th of October he heard that Tippoo had retaken Daraporum, and the British garrison arrived in camp on the 17th, speaking warmly of the honorable treatment they had received from Tippoo. General Meadows left Coimbettore on the 20th; and the history of the grand army is nothing but a journal of its marches in pursuit of the enemy till the 17th of November, when it formed a junction with the centre army at Poolamputty; and on the 18th they came in sight of the rear of Tippoo's cavalry. From this period the united armies under general Meadows took their course back to Trichinopoly to procure VOL. XI.

supplies, but did not arrive till the 8th of December, the weather being bad. Here they learned that Tippoo had arrived at Munsurput, on the Coleroone, opposite Trichinopoly, on the 28th of November, where he continued encamped till the 6th of December, but without attacking that city. Meantime a detachment from the Bombay army, under lieutenant-colonel Hartley, rendered great service to the rajah of Travancore; and on the 5th general Abercrombie, with the remainder of the forces from Bombay, arrived at Tellicherry. On the 14th Sir Ralph marched to attack Cannanore, which, with the garrison, surrendered on the 17th, and the troops engaged not to serve against the British during the war. About the same time colonel Hartley took Ferokabad, the capital of the Malabar coast. On the 27th Barragurry and Cootahpoor surrendered; so that the whole coast, from the Billipatam to Cape Comorin, was now in possession of the British and their allies.

On the 15th of January, 1791, the army under general Meadows left Trichinopoly, and proceeded to Madras, where lord Cornwallis had arrived on the 13th of December. On the 29th his lordship joined the grand army at Vellont, which proceeded early in February to Vellore; and, having deceived Tippoo by a feint, passed the Muglee on the 22d of February with all its stores and baggage. On the 24th lord Cornwallis proceeded for Bangalore. On the 6th March the town was stormed and taken, with the loss of 100 men. On the 12th batteries were opened on the fort, and on the 17th and 21st Tippoo drew out his army, but without effect. The fort was stormed on the evening of the 21st, with a dreadful carnage, though with little loss on the British side. Not less than 1000 fell, t is supposed, by the bayonet, and 300, mostly wounded, were taken. The army remained at Bangalore till the 28th of March, when they proceeded towards Chinna-Balabaram; and on the 7th of April were joined by 15,000 of the nizam's troops. On the 17th colonel Oldham joined them with 700 Europeans, 4500 Indians, and a supply of provisions.

On the 3d of May they set out for Seringapatam, and on the 13th arrived at Arakeery, whence they had a view of Tippoo's capital, nine miles distant, and observed the main body of his army crossing from the island to the north side of the Cavery. Mean time lord Cornwallis, having received intelligence that general Abercrombie had ascended the Ghauts on the Malabar side, resolved to form a junction of their forces, but finding it impracticable to make a ford across the Cavery, determined to march round the ridge of mountains on the right. On the morning of the 15th the enemy's line was seen in a strong position. The British army was then formed into two divisions under colonel Maxwell and general Meadows. The former having successfully stormed a height occupied by Tippoo's troops, the action became general along the front. Colonel Maxwell then advanced rapidly to gain another height on the enemy's left flank, while the cavalry under colonel Floyd attacked their right; on which Tippoo was forced to give way,

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though his retreat was gradual and masterly. Four grins were taken, and the enemy were pursued, till the fire from the island batteries obliged the British to desist, and encamp partly on the field of battle. After destroying his battering train, and sending orders to general Abercrombie, who had obtained possession of Periapatam, to return with all speed, lord Cornwallis moved from his encampment to return to Bangalore: and on the 28th was joined by 30,000 Mahrattas, with a supply of provisions. In their route they took several forts, and on the 18th of July Ousoor, with the forts near it, submitted. On the 30th the combined troops encamped six miles from Bangalore. General Abercrombie, having also destroyed his battering train, was obliged to lead back a sick and dispirited army, over those almost impassable mountains they had so lately passed.

While the army lay encamped near Seringapatam, a present of fruit had been sent by Tippoo to lord Cornwallis, with some overtures for a separate peace. The present, however, was returned, and the sultan assured, that no peace could be granted unless the allies were included. Tippoo next sent a vakeel with full powers to treat, but still the mission proved unsuccessful. During the winter months lord Cornwallis omitted nothing that tended to ensure the success of the next campaign. After reducing the hill forts north-east of Bangalore, Nundydroog, the capital of a large district, was besieged; and, being built upon the top of a mountain 1700 feet high, three-fourths of which were inaccessible, it stood a siege from the 22d of September to the 18th of October, when a breach was made. The carnage which would have followed was prevented, partly by a number of the garrison escaping over a low part of the wall, but chiefly by the humane and laudable exertions of captain Robertson, who commanded the storming party. On the 31st of October colonel Maxwell took Fort Penagra by storm, but one half of the garrison was put to the sword. At Kistnaghery he met with a more serious resistance. The lower fort was easily reduced, but the garrison in the upper fort defended it with great obstinacy. Immense rocks and showers of stones were hurled down; the scaling ladders were broken, and, after two hours of vigorous assault, colonel Maxwell desisted from the attempt. In September Coimbettore was besieged by a detachment sent by Tippoo, and was so bravely defended by lieutenant Chalmers, that the Indians were obliged to raise the siege. But being again besieged by a fresh party sent by Tippoo, and a detachment sent to its relief by lord Cornwallis, under major Cuppage, being defeated by the Cawn, lieutenant Chalmers was obliged to capitulate on the 2d of November, and the garrison marched out with the honors of war.

On the 10th of December colonel Stewart encamped within three miles of the celebrated fortress of Severndroog, on the north side; on the 17th he opened two batteries, at 700 and 1000 yards' distance; and on the 19th another within 250 yards, which, on the 21st, effected a breach at 11 A. M. when the assault was made, and in an hour the valor of the British

troops made them masters of a fortress hitherto deemed impregnable. On the 4th of December Outredroog, another fort twelve miles distant, was also taken by storm. Several other forts were now reduced, and Gumuncondah was blocked up by Hafez Jee, one of the nizam's best generals. It was relieved, however, by Hyder Saib, Tippoo's eldest son, who took Hafez Jee and great part of his troops prisoners. Early in November general Abercrombie returned to Tellicherry, and, on the 5th of the next month, he proceeded on his march through the Ghauts towards the Mysore country; while the Mabrattas, under Purseram Bhow, reduced several forts on the Tam and the Budra, which gave them access to a fertile district, that af forded seasonable supplies. The grand object, the reduction of Tippoo's capital, was now to be attempted. The allied armies on the 1st of February, 1792, commenced their march, and on the 5th arrived within sight of Seringapatam, under the walls of which Tippoo was strongly posted. His front line was situated on the north side of the Cavery, behind a strong hedge, and defended by heavy cannon in the redoubts. In the front there were at least 100 pieces of cannon; and in the fort and island which formed his second line there were three times as many. The allies encamped six miles from Tippoo, in two divisions separated by the small river Lockarty. The British army formed the front line: the reserve was about a mile in the rear, where the armies of the nizam and Mahrattas were also posted at a further distance. On the 6th of February orders were issued to attack Tippoo's camp and lines at 7 P. M. The right division, consisting of 3300 infantry, was commanded by general Meadows; the centre, consisting of 3700, by lord Cornwallis; and the left, of only 1700 men, by colonel Maxwell. At eight o'clock the whole body was under arms, the evening was serene, and the troops moved on in silence by the light of the moon. While they were on their march colonel Duff's camp was struck, which gave the first notice of the intended attack to the allies, who were astonished when they found that lord Cornwallis had ventured on this desperate enterprise with only a part of his infantry unsupported by artillery, between ten and eleven at night; the centre column, within a mile of the hedge, touched upon Tippoo's grand guard of cavalry, who were coming with rockets, &c., to disturb the British camp, but immediately galloped off to the lines. Finding themselves thus discovered, the column advanced with the utmost rapidity, and entered the enemy's lines within fifteen minutes after the news could have reached them. The right column, having met with more impediments, was later in reaching the hedge than the centre column; but it entered the lines about eleven, when the battle became general; the enemy at last gave way, and at day-break general Meadows found himself complete master of the field.. The chief object of the centre column being to gain possession of the island, the front division dispersed the enemy, and passing Tippoo's tent, which had been abandoned, pressed forward to the river, in two parties, The first under captain Monson

erossed the ford under the walls without opposition, and proceeded to the east gate of the city, but, finding it shut, marched to an extensive market-place, where they made a great slaughter of the enemy. They were followed by the other party, under colonel Knox, who proceeded to the rajah's garden, and thence to the suburb Shaher-Gangam, the gates of which they forced open, and drove the enemy from all their batteries. The centre division advanced to the sultan's redoubt, which they found abandoned, and afterwards co-operated with colonel Maxweil in defeating Tippoo's right wing. Lord Cornwallis, with the reserve, remained close by the hedge, where the column had first entered, and two hours before day-break was joined by captain Hunter's party; soon after which they were attacked by a strong body of troops, part of Tippoo's centre and left, who, being now recovered from their panic, rallied with redoubled resolution.

The conflict was carried on with inflexible courage on both sides, and it was near day-light, before the enemy was repulsed. Lord Cornwallis then retired to the Pagoda Hill, where he was met by general Meadows. Mean time the left division under colonel Maxwell, after ascending the Carighaut Hill, with little resistance, and marching down to the river, where they were much galled by the firing from Tippoo's right line, crossed the ford and joined the victorious parties, who had got possession of the east extremity of the island. The battle was continued in different parts during the whole of the 7th of February. The most desperate conflict was at the sultan's redoubt, which was defended by a small party under colonel Kelly, against three vigorous attacks, seconded by a heavy cannonade from the forts. The enemy being driven from every post on the north side of the river, the camp was advanced as near to the hedge as the firing from the fort would permit; and a chain of posts along the north and east faces of the fort was formed, so as to invest Seringapatam on its two principal sides. Thus pressed on every quarter, and his whole power reduced within the narrow limits of a citadel, the sultan became anxious to procure peace. He therefore released lieutenants Chalmers and Nash, who had been captured at Coimbettore, and had been well treated, presented the former with 500 rapees and two shawls, and sent a letter by him to lord Cornwallis, requesting he would return with the answer. On the 16th of February the Bombay army, under general Abercrombie, after a fatiguing march, wherein they were much harassed by detached parties of the enemy, joined lord Cornwallis, and afforded a reinforcement of about 2000 Europeans and 4000 natives. Vigorous preparations were therefore made to attack the fort on the north side; where trenches were opened and batteries constructed. Meantime, to draw off the attention of the enemy from these operations, major Dalrymple and captain Robertson, with the seventy-first regiment and thirteenth battalion of sepoys, were sent to attack his cavalry, encamped on the south side of the river. They entered the camp undiscovered, killed with the bayonet above 100

men and 200 horses, and returned without losing a man. On the night of the 19th a parallel and redoubt were completed near the walls of the fort, on the opposite side of the river; which the sultan, next day, in vain attempted to overthrow. He then endeavoured to deprive the camp of water, by altering the course of a large canal, but in this attempt too he was disappointed, a party being despatched under captain Wahab, who soon dislodged the enemy and repaired the canal.

On the 19th the grand operation of the siege commenced by opening the trenches, and by a heavy discharge from all the batteries: in the mean time the Bombay army crossed the river to invest the west side of the capital. But, in consequence of the application through lieutenant Chalmers, lord Cornwallis agreed to receive Tippoo'e envoys to treat of peace. On the 15th, 16th, 19th, and 21st, Sir J. Kennaway and Mr. Cherry, assisted by vakeels, or envoys, from the nizam and Hurry Punt the Mahratta chief, met with Tippoo's vakeels, to treat of peace, but little progress was made in the negociation. The siege continued without intermission, and general Abercrombie, on the 22nd, took possession of a redoubt and grove between his camp and the fort, but with the loss of 104 men. During the night of the 22nd and 23rd new batteries were erected, and Purseram Bhow, with 20,000 horse, several thousand foot, and thirty cannon, was daily expected. In the mean time, Tippoo had been obliged to send off all his cavalry and camp followers to Mysore, and was in want of every thing, while the British army was well supplied. In this hopeless situation, he was compelled to accept of any terms proposed by lord Cornwallis. These, all things considered, were moderate. Preliminaries of peace were signed on the 23rd of February, on the following terms: 1. That Tippoo should cede one-half of his dominions to the allied powers; 2. That he should pay three crores, and thirty lacks of rupees; 3. That all prisoners should be restored; And, 4, That two of his eldest sons should becoine hostages for the performance of the treaty. On the 24th hostilities ceased, and on the 26th the two princes, Abdul Calick aged about ten, and Mooza Ud Deen about eight, mounted each on an elephant richly caparisoned, arrived in the British camp, and were received with kindness by lord Cornwails. On the 19th of March the definitive treaty was finally adjusted and signed.

For seven years the affairs of India continued in a state of doubtful tranquillity. But from 1796, the sultan of Mysore is accused of having constantly excited the jealousy of the British government. This was in no small degree increased by a proclamation of the French governor of the Isle of France in 1798, which openly mentioned an alliance formed between Tippoo and the French republic, for the destruction of the British power in India. It was also alleged, that Tippoo had sent an embassy to Zemaun Shah, to encourage hin in his threatened invasion of Hindostan. Mean time Tippoo professed the most friendly intentions of preserving concord and harmony. The British governor-general, however, giving little credit to these profes