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soner to Granfire, his landlord on his promising that Hogarth should not go out of this house till he was to embark for England. In 1753 he appeared in the character of an author, and published a 4to. volume entitled the Analysis of Beauty, written with a view of fixing the fluctuating ideas of taste. This work was translated into German by Mr. Mylius when in England, under the author's inspection; and the translation was printed in London, price five dollars. A new and correct edition was in 1754 proposed for publication at Berlin, by Ch. Fr. Vok; with an explanation of Hogarth's satirical prints, translated from the French; and an Italian translation was published at Leghorn in 1761. Hogarth had one failing in common with most people who attain wealth and eminence without a liberal education: he affected to despise every kind of knowledge which he did not possess. Previously to his commencing author one of our artist's common topics of declamation was the uselessness of books to a man of his profession. But Garrick himself was not more open to flattery. A word in praise of Sigismundi, his favorite work, might have commanded a proof print, or an original sketch from Hogarth. A specimen of his propensity to merriment, on the most trivial occasions, is observable in one of his cards requesting the company of Dr. Arnold King to dine with him at the Mitre. Within a circle, to which a knife and fork are the supporters, the written part is contained. In the centre is drawn a pye, with a mitre on the top of it: and the invitation concludes with the following words in three Greek letters, H B II,-Eta, Beta, Pi. In the Miller's Feast Mr. Hogarth thought proper to pillory Sir Isaac Shard, a gentleman proverbially avaricious. Hearing this, the son of Sir Isaac, a young man of spirit, just returned from his travels, called at the painter's to see the picture; and, among the rest, asking the Cicerone Whether that odd figure was intended for any particular person?' on his replying that 'it was thought to be very like one Sir Isaac Shard' he immediately drew his sword and slashed the canvas. Hogarth appeared instantly in great wrath to whom Mr. Shard calmly justified what he had done, saying 'that this was a very unwarrantable license; that he was the injured party 3 son, and that he was ready to defend any suit at law;' which, however, was never instituted. About 1757 his brother-in-law, Mr. Thornhill, resigned the place of king's serjeant-painter in favor of Mr. Hogarth.

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Of his lesser plates many were destroyed. When he wanted a piece of copper he would take any plate from which he had already worked off such a number of impressions as he supposed he should sell. He then sent it to be effaced, and altered to his purpose. The plates which remained in his possession were secured to Mrs. Hogarth by will, dated August the 12th 1764, chargeable with an annuity of £80 to his sister Anne, who survived him.

HOGH, n. s. Dut. hoogh. A hill or rising ground.

That well can witness yet unto this day, The western hogh, besprinkled with the gore Of mighty Gomot.

VOL. XI

Faerie Queene.

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HOG'S DUNG is by Mortimer reckoned one of the richest manures we are acquainted with; and the next in value to sheep's dung; and is found to be equal in virtue to twice the quantity of any other. It is an excellent manure for pasture grounds, and excels all other kinds of dung for trees. The farmers, who use it for their lands, generally take care to save it, by well paving the styes; and increase the quantity by throwing in bean-stalks, stubble, and many other things of a similar nature. By this management, many farmers have procured fifty or sixty loads a-year of excellent manure out of a small stye. The best way of using this dung is by mixing it with horse dung: and for this reason the stye should be near the stable, that the two cleansings may be mixed in one heap, and used together. They have, in many parts of Staffordshire, a poor light, shallow land, on which they sow a kind of white pea: the land is neither able to bear this nor any thing else to advantage for their reaping; but, when the peas are ripe, they turn in as many hogs as the quantity of peas will fatten, suffering them to live at large, and to remain there day and night and thus the land produces a good crop of hay for several years afterwards; or, at worst, it raises grass enough to make good pasture.

HÖGSTIES, THE, a dangerous rocky reef among the Bahamas, situated between the Great Heneagua and Crooked Island. Ships sailing to Europe from Jamaica, through the Crooked Island passage, clear them safely by steering from Ocean Bight, in the Great Heneagua, twelve leagues north-west, then north by west, half west about eleven leagues to Castle Island, the south point of South Crooked Island. Long. 73° 50' W., lat. 21° 40′ N.

HOGUE, a fishing town and cape of France, on the north-west point of the department of the Channel, and late province of Normandy; near which admiral Rook burnt the French admiral's ship, called the Rising Sun, with twelve more large men of war, the day after the victory obtained by admiral Russel near Cherburg, in May 1692. Long. 1° 35′ W., lat. 49° 50′ N. The town contains about 2000 inhabitants and has a small fort.

HOHENBERG, a county of Suabia, in the Black Forest, now belonging to Wirtemberg, It consists of two parts, the Upper and the Lower; in the former is the source of the Neckar, and at no great distance that of the Danube. Both divisions are woody and hilly; the Lower, however, admits of tillage, and produces some wine. Iron abounds in both. The chief town is Rothenburg.

HOHENLINDEN, a village of Germany, in Bavaria, on the Danube: near which the Fren under general Moreau defeated the Austrians, on the 3rd of December, 1800, killed and wounded 12,000, and took 10,000 prisoners, among whom were three generals, together with eighty pieces of cannon and 200 loaded waggons, &c. At this place, too, the emperor Francis II signed

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the convention in 1800, by which he gave up the forts of Ulm, Ingoldstadt, and Philipsburg, to the French.

HOHENLOHE, a district in the circle of Franconia, forming part of an extensive tract of country which has the Danube on the south, and the Maine on the north. The rivers of this country are the Jaxt, the Tauber, and the Kocher: the produce is corn, flax, and vines. Here are also extensive woods, and some few iron mines. The princes of Hohenlohe have now only their titles: the territory has belonged to Wirtemberg

since 1806.

HOHENZOLLERN, a small principality of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, divided into two parts, Hohenzollern Hechingen, and Hohenzollern Sigmaringen. It is surrounded by Baden and Wirtemberg. The surface of the country is hilly and woody: but there is some good pasturage in various parts. The chief town is Hechingen, a small place, situated on the Starzel, containing about 2600 inhabitants, with an unimportant manufacture of woollen cloth. It is the residence of the prince, and the seat of the courts and public offices of the principality. Population about 50,000.

HOIDEN, n. s. & v. n. Welsh hoeden; Lat. famina levioris fame. An ill-taught awkward country girl to romp indecently.

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Some of them would get a scratch; but we always discovered, upon examining, that they had been hoi. dening with the young apprentices. Swift. HOISE, v. a. Fr. hausser; Low German HOIST. hissen, from Goth, ha; Saxon heah, high. A variation from the same word as heave the idea here is to raise on high, with effort; it is a transitive verb requiring an agent and an object; thus sailors hoist the long boat; whales when killed are hoisted into the vessel.

They loosed the rudder-bands and hoisted up the

mainsail to the wind, and made toward the shore. Acts xxvii. 40. Auria had hoised sail, and was on his way toward the bay of Naupactus. Knolles's History. "Tis the sport to have the engineer hoist up with his own petar. Shakspeare. Humlet.

Join you with me; We'll quickly hoist duke Humphrey from his seat. Shakspeare.

That man which prizeth virtue for itself, and cannot endure to hoise and strike his sails, as the divers natures of calms and storms require, must cut his sails of mean length and breadth, and content himself with Raleigh.

a slow and sure navigation.

Hoise sail, and fly;
And in thy flight aloud on Cratis cry.

Chapman.

We thought for Greece
The sails were hoisted, and our fears release.

Dryden.
They hoist him on the bier, and deal the dole,
And there's an end.
Id. Persius.
What haste she made to hoist her purple sails!
And to appear magnificent in flight,
Drew half our strength away.

Id. All for Love. Their navy swarms upon the coasts: they cry To hoist their anchors, but the gods deny. Dryden. What made Absalom kick at all the kindnesses of his father, but because his ambition would needs be fingering the sceptre, and hoisting him into his father's South.

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Byron. Don Juan. HOISTING, the operation of drawing up any body by the assistance of one or more tackles. Hoisting is never applied to the act of pulling up any body by the help of a single block, except in extending the sails by drawing them upwards along the masts or stays, to which it is invariably applied.

HOKE-DAY, HOCK-DAY, or HOCK-TUESDAY, in ancient English customs (dies Martis quem quindenam paschæ vocant), the second Tuesday after Easter week; a solemn festival celebrated for many ages in England, in memory of the great slaughter of the Danes, in 1002. This is still kept up in some counties; and the women bear the principal sway in it, stopping all passengers with ropes and chains, and exacting some small matter from them to make merry with. This day was used on the same footing with Michaelmas for a general term or time of account. We find leases without date reserving so much rent payable ad duos anni terminos, scil. ad. le hoke-day, & ad festum sancti Michaelis. In the accounts of Magdalen College, Oxford, there is yearly an allowance pro mulieribus hockantibus of some manors of theirs in Hampshire; where the men hock the women on Mondays, and the women that on that day the women in merriment stopped hock them on Tuesdays. The meaning of it is, the way with ropes, and pulled passengers to them, desiring something to be laid out for pious

uses.

HO-KIEN, or HO-KIEN-FOU, a city of China, in the province of Pe-tcheli, between two rivers, eighty-seven miles south of Pekin. It has two cities of the second, and fifteen of the third class, in its district. Long. 133° 29′ E. of Ferro, lat, 38° 28' N.

HOLAIVA, or HOOLAIVA, one of the Hapaee Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean, thirty miles from Annanooka. It was uncultivated and uninhabited when visited by captain Cook, except by one man employed in catching turtle. The trees and plants are similar to those of Lefooga, to which it is joined by a reef.

HOLBEACH, a market town of Lincolnshire, eight miles east of Spalding, and 109 north from London. The town is of great antiquity, but indifferently built, and is seated in the fens. The church is a Gothic building, with a lofty tower and spire, which may be seen at a great distance. Market on Thursday.

HOLBEIN (Hans or John), a celebrated painter born at Basil in Switzerland, in 1498. He learned the rudiments of his art from his father, who was also a painter; but soon showed his superior genius. In the town-house of Basil he painted our Saviour's Passion; and in the fish market of the same city Death's Dance, and a Dance of Peasants, which were very much ad

HOLBERG (Lewis), a Danish author, born at Bergen in Norway, in 1685. He rose from a menial state to be assessor of the Consistory court at Copenhagen. He wrote a History of Denmark, some comedies and miscellanies; for which he was created a baron. He died in 1754.

mired. Erasinus was so pleased with them, that he desired him to draw his picture, and was ever after his friend. He staid some years longer at Basil, till his necessities, occasioned by extravagance and an increasing family, made him comply with Erasmus's persuasions to go to England. In his journey he staid some days at Strasburg, where it is said he applied to an emi- HOLCROFT (Mr.), was born in Orangenent painter for work, who ordered him to give court, Leicester-fields, December 22d, 1744. His a specimen of his skill. On which Holbein father was a shoemaker, and, when Holcroft finished a piece with great care, and painted a was in his teens, he was a servant to the honor fly on the most conspicuous part of it; after able Mr. Vernon, his chief employment being which he privately withdrew, and pursued his to ride his master's race-horses, which were in journey. When the painter returned home, he training to run for the plate at Newmarket. He was astonished at the beauty and elegance of the persevered to the age of twenty-five years, with drawing, and especially at the fly, which he at some little interruption, in his father's trade. first took for a real one, and endeavoured to re- About that period of life, however, he conceived a move it with his hand. He now sent all over passion for the stage, and offered his services at the city for his journeyman; but, after many en- the same time to Mr. Charles Macklin, and Mr. quiries, discovered that he had been thus de- Samuel Foote. Foote encouraged him, but ceived by the famous Holbein. Holbein, having Macklin talked to him in so specious a style, in a manner begged his way to England, pre- and held out to him so many temptations and sented a letter of recommendation from Erasmus prospects which were never realised, that he was to Sir Thomas More, and showed him Erasmus's induced to decide for Macklin and Ireland, a picture. Sir Thomas, being then lord chancellor, decision which he continued long to repent. In received him kindly, and kept him in his house the profession of a player, Mr. Holcroft contibetween two and three years: in which time he nued, not with the most flattering success, till drew Sir Thomas's picture, and those of many of after the production of the play of Duplicity, his friends. The chancellor, having now adorned in 1781. Immediately on the exhibition of this his apartments with the productions of this great comedy he withdrew from the stage as an actor, painter, resolved to introduce him to Henry VIII. and for several years devoted his attention prinFor this purpose he invited that prince to an cipally to dramatic composition. His writings entertainment; having, before he came, hung up of this kind were:-The Noble Peasant, an all Holbein's pieces in the great hall. The king, opera. The Choleric Fathers, an opera. The on his first entrance into this room, was so Follies of a Day, a comedy, translated from the charmed with the sight, that he asked whether French of Beaumarchais. Seduction, a comethe artist was living, and to be employed for dy, 1786. The German Hotel, a drama, transmoney. Upon this, Sir Thomas presented Hol- lation, 1790. The School for Arrogance, a bein to the king, who immediately took him into comedy, partly from the French of Destouches, his service. While he was here an affair hap- 1791. The Road to Ruin, a comedy, and the pened which might have proved fatal to him, best of his dramatic writings, 1792. Love's had he not been protected by the king. His Frailties, a comedy, 1794. The Deserted Daughfame attracted a nobleman to see him when he ter, a comedy, 1795. The Man of Ten Thouwas drawing a figure after the life. Holbein sand, a comedy, 1796. The Force of Ridicule, sent to desire his lordship to defer the honor of a comedy, 1796. He is much to Blame, a cohis visit to another day; which the nobleman medy, very successful, 1798. Knave or Not, a taking for an affront, broke open the door, and comedy, 1798. Deaf and Dumb, a comedy, very rudely went up stairs. Holbein hearing a from the French, very successful, 1801. The noise, came out of his chamber; and meeting his Tale of Mystery, an after-piece, from the French, lordship at his door, fell into a violent passion; 1802. Hear Both Sides, a comedy, 1803. The and pushed him down stairs. Immediately, Vindictive Man, a comedy, 1806. Mr. Holhowever, reflecting on what he had done, he croft also exercised his talent, with advantage to made the best of his way to the king, and the his reputation, in the Novels of Anna St. Ives, nobleman following him, the king ordered Hol- published 1792, and Hugh Trevor, published bein to ask his pardon; when the courtier would 1794. He also produced a third novel, entitled not be satisfied with less than his life. Upon Brian Perdue, in the year 1807. The public is this the king sternly replied, my lord, you have further indebted to the pen of Mr. Holcroft for not now to do with Holbein, but with me--I many translations. The Private Life of Volcan whenever I please make seven lords of seven taire, 12mo. The Memoirs of Baron Trenck, ploughmen, but I cannot make one Holbein of in 3 vols. 12mo. The Secret History of the even seven lords.' Holbein died of the plague Court of Berlin, by the Count de Mirabeau, at his lodgings at Whitehall, in 1554. He 2 vols. 8vo. Tales of the Castle by Madame painted with equal excellence in every manner; de Genlis, 5 vols. 12mo. The Posthumous in fresco, in water-colors, ir oil, and in minia- Works of Frederic II. King of Prussia, 13 vols. His genius was sufficiently shown in the 8vo. An Abridged Display of the Physiognomy historical style, by two celebrated compositions of Lavater, 3 large vols. 8vo. Holcroft at the which he painted in the hall of the Stillyard beginning of the French revolution displayed company. It is worthy of remark that Holbein much zeal in the cause of liberty; and, his conalways painted with his left hand. duct having excited the alarm of government,

ture.

ne was included in the prosecution for treason instituted against Hardy, Horne Tooke, and Thelwall, in 1794. But, these persons having been acquitted, Holcroft and the rest were discharged. He died in 1809. Holcroft is stated to have been the first who introduced on the English stage those popular entertainments termed melo-dramas.

HOLCUS, Indian millet or corn, a genus of the monœcia order, and polygamia class of plants, natural order fourth, gramina. Hermaphrodite CAL. an uniflorous or biflorous glume: COR. a glume with an awn; there are three stamina, two styles, and one seed. Male CAL. a bivalved glume: COR. none; but three stamina. There are thirteen species, two of which are natives of Britain. The most remarkable of

these is

H. lanatus, or the creeping soft grass of Hudson. Anderson, in his Essays on Agriculture, says, this is one of the most valuable kinds of meadow grasses, its pile being exceedingly soft, close, and succulent. It delights in moisture, and is seldom found in dry ground, unless the soil be exceedingly rich. It is often found on those patches near springs, over which water often flows; and may be known by the uncommon softness and succulence of the blade, the lively light green color of the leaves, and the matted intertexture of its roots. But, notwithstanding the softness of its first leaves, when the seed-stalks advance they are rough to the touch, and the plants assume a very different appearance. The ear is branched out into a great number of fine ramifications like the oat, but much smaller. The seeds adhere to the stalk, and to each other after being separated from it, as if mixed with cobweb, so that they do not spread readily in sowing. But the running roots spread so fast, that a small quantity, sowed very 'thin, would soon stock a large field.

H. sorghum, or Guinea corn, is the most remarkable of the foreign species. The stalks are large, compact, and full eight feet high. In Senegal the fields are entirely covered with it. The negroes, who call it guiarnot, cover the ears when ripe with its own leaves to shelter it from 'the sparrows. The grain made into bread is esteemed very wholesome. With this the slaves in the West Indies are generally fed, each being allowed from a pint to a quart every day. The negroes on the coast of Guinea make of two kinds of this corn a thick-grained pap called couscous, which is their common food.

HOLD, in the old glossaries, is mentioned in the same sense with wold, i. e. a governor or chief officer; but in some other places for love, as holdlic lovely.

HOLD, v. a. Sax. healdan; low Germ. holden; Dan. holde; Germ. halten, and haben, to have. To hold is a physical act, and signifies to have in a particular mode, as by the application of bodily strength in a greater or less degree: hence to keep; detain; retain; contain as within boundaries: the different uses and applications of this word are very numerous; it is used both in a literal and figurative sense.

To grasp in the hand; to gripe; to clutch.
Lift up
the lad, hold him in thy hand. Genesis.

France, thou mayest hold a serpent by the tongue,
A fasting tyger safer by the tooth,
Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold.
Shakspeare.

To connect; to keep from separation.
The loops held one curtain to another.

Exod. xxxvi. 12. To keep; to retain; to gripe fast: not to let go. Prove all things; hold fast that which is good. 2 Thes. v.

Too late it was for satyr to be told,
Or ever hope recover her again;
In vain he seeks, that having cannot hold.
Faerie Queene.

His rugged shield was like a rocky mould,
On which an anchor bit with surest hold:
I hold by being held,' was written round in gold.
Fletcher's Purple Island.

To maintain as an opinion. Thou hast there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam. Rev.

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Shakspeare. Fell, banning hag! inchantress, hold thy tongue. Id..

Unless thou find occasion, hold thy tongue; Thyself or others, carcless talk may wrong.

Denham. When straight the people by no force compelled, Nor longer from their inclination held,

Break forth at once.

Waller. Hold your laughter, then divert your fellow-ser

vants.

To fix to any condition.

His gracious promise you might,

Swift.

As cause had called you up, have held him to.

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To solemnise; to celebrate.

He held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king.
1 Sam.

The king, the quene, and every lord,
With all the ladies, by one accord,
Helde a generall assembly. Chaucer's Dreame.
The queen this day here holds her parliament
But little thinks we shall be of her council.

Shakspeare.

To conserve; not to infringe.
Her husband heard it, and held his peace,
Numb. xxx. 7..

She said, and held her peace; Æneas went,
Unknowing whom the sacred sibyl meant.

Dryden.

To manage; to handle intellectually.
Some in their discourse desire rather commendation
of wit, in being able to hold all arguments, than of
Judgment in discerning what is true.

Great souls

Bacon.

By nature half divine, soar to the stars
And hold a near acquaintance with the gods.

Rowe.

And there they stand, as stands a lofty mind
Worn, but unstooping to the Laser crowd,
All tenantless, save to the crannying wind,
Or holding dark communion with the cloud.

Byron. Childe Harold.

To maintain. Whereupon they also made engines against their engines, and held them battle a long season. 1 Mac. vi. 52.

To carry on conjunctively.

The Pharisees held a council against them.

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To hold forth; to offer; exhibit or propose. Christianity came into the world with the greatest simplicity of thought and language, as well as life and manners, holding forth nothing but piety, charity, and humility, with the belief of the Messiah and of bis kingdom. Temple. Observe the connection of ideas in the propositions, which books hold forth and pretend to teach as truths. Locke.

My account is so far from interfering with Moses, that it holds forth a natural interpretation of his sense. Woodward.

To hold forth. To protend; to put forward

to view.

How Joyful and pleasant a thing it is to have a light held us forth from heaven to direct our steps! Cheyne. To hold in. To restrain; to govern by the bridle.

I have lately sold my nag, and honestly told his greatest fault, which is, that he became such a lover of liberty, that I could scarce hold him in. Swift.

To hold in. To restrain in general.
These men's hastiness the warier sort of you doth
not commend; ye wish they had held themselves
longer in, and not so dangerously flown abroad.
Hooker.

To hold off. To keep at a distance.
Although 'tis fit that Cassio have his place.
Yet, if you please to hold him off a while,
You shall by that perceive him.

Shakspeare. Othello. The object of sight doth strike upon the pupil of the eye directly, without any interception; whereas the cave of the ear doth hold off the sound a little from the organ. Bacon.

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