advocates for the full re-establishment of the old régime. Of these parties, the first had a manifeft fuperiority.

The confpiracy of Babeuf is not placed by our author in the clearest light; but he affirms, that the contrivers of it intended to murder all the members of the directory, fome of the legislators, the minifters and various fubordinate officers, to pillage the metropolis, and proclaim the constitution of 1793.

Reverting to the incidents of the war, M. Fantin cir cumftantially describes the celebrated retreat of Moreau. He then relates the expedition of Hoche against Ireland, The number of foldiers that accompanied this general, amounted, he fays, to 15,000; and the fleet confifted of 22 fhips of the line, befides fmaller veffels. This fleet (he adds), braving the fea in its utmoft fury, carried the French warriors into the bay of Bantry. Never before did republican energy fo daringly difplay itself; and, though the inceffant rage of winds baffled the well-concerted fcheme, the boldness of the enterprise must have convinced the English how much they had reafon to dread the efforts of a people whofe projects nothing could check but fuch obftacles as were abfolutely infurmountable by human force.'-He does not mention the lofs of any one of the fhips employed in this expedition; but affirms, that they all re-entered the road of Breft.

The progrefs of Buonaparte in Italy, the victories obtained at Arcole and Rivoli, the reduction of Mantua, and the feifure of fome of the provinces of the ecclefiaftical ftate, are fucceffively recounted. The contests between the republican general and the archduke Charles, and the fuc-. cefs which intimidated the latter into an affent to preliminaries of peace, are afterwards particularifed.

The aristocratic plot which was discovered in January, 1797, is detailed at greater length than it deferved. The mal-contents who were pronounced guilty, were not capitally punished; and we may therefore prefume, that their criminality was not deemed very atrocious, or that the confpiracy was not fully proved.

The next fubject is the revolution of Venice, on which no new light appears to be thrown. We may extend the

fame remark to the account of the revolution of Genoa.

The indulgence fhown to the royalifts who were tried for the laft-mentioned plot, is reprefented by M. Fantin as the chief encouragement of the party to thofe intrigues andmachinations, or to that regular confpiracy (for he agrees with the directory in maintaining that a grand plot had really been formed), which led in its confequences to the triumph of the republican caufe. He animadverts on the

conduct of the legislative majority, as being calculated to favour the aims of the anti-republican faction; and does not condemn, as he ought to have done, the unjustifiable treatment of the fuppofed delinquents who were banished without trial.

At the conclufion of the work, the writer boasts of the flourishing ftate of the republic, and expreffes his confi dence in the permanency of the new government. Upon the whole, we may allow fome merit to M. Fantin; but it is merely that of mediocrity. Many parts of his perform ance feem to have been haftily compiled: the mode of nar ration is rarely elegant or energetic; and the remarks are, in general, of the ordinary caft: but the work is far from being deftitute of utility or entertainment.

Efai fur les Maladies Phyfiques et Morales des Femmes, par le Cit. Boyveau Leffecteur, Medecin, Proprietaire du Rob Anti-fyphilitique, &c. Paris.

Effay on the Phyfical and Moral Disorders of Women, by the Phyfician Boyveau, Proprietor of the Anti-fyphilitic Juice or Syrup. 8vo. 65. Boards. Imported by De Boffe. WE obferve, in this performance, an affectation of delicacy, fenfibility, and humanity; qualities of which the appearances are fo often employed by phyficians, in large cities, to captivate the attention and fecure the good offices of the weak and trifling part of both fexes; but fuch arts, though frequently fuccefsful, degrade both the prac titioner and his fcience. The profeffed object of the effay is to inftruct women in the fundamental principles of pathology and medicine; but the real defign feems to be to obtain, at an eafy rate, a little popularity, and perhaps to promote the fale of the Rob Anti-fyphilitique;' for many diforders are attributed to a fvphilitic fomes lurking in the conftitution, for which the ufe of fuch a remedy must be obvious. The author's attempt at popularity, however, does not wholly depend on thefe circumftances. He will foon be the favourite of the elder fcholars of every female feminary; for he recommends early marriage in terms which we cannot with propriety tranflate. We fhall extract, however, a few lines from the end of that chapter which treats of refrigerants, fupposed to check defire.

Why should amorous inclinations be checked by medicine, when philofophy alone can regulate them?-Muft a woman become ftupid, to be the ornament of her sex;

and cannot fhe render herfelf dear to the Governor of the Univerfe, without injuring her body and enervating her understanding? Continence, in an unmarried ftate, is effential to a woman who refpects herself; but to prolong it by dangerous means to a period when it is no longer a virtue, is deftruction to her constitution, and an insult to nature.'

Our author notices the principal writers of every age: who have written on the diseases of women; and then confiders, under the title of Phyfical relations,' the drefs, food, &c. of perfons of that fex. • Moral influences' refpect the paffions moft confpicuous in females; fear, credulity, extreme fenfibility, &c.

The 5th and 6th chapters relate to the conftitution and diseases of women, from the time of puberty to that of marriage, and also after the contraction of that union.

The 7th and 8th chapters contain the advice neceffary in the laft period of female difeafes, and fome inAtructions to women refpecting fyphilitic affections. In thefe chapters there is undoubtedly much found and judicious advice: that which relates to the diseases which forbid the conjugal connexion, deferves much attention: what relates to geftation is alfo juft and proper: but we will felect a fpeciinen from fome part of more general im

portance.

It is a prevailing opinion, that, in warm climates, the fex is most favoured by nature; and, in fupport of it, the beautiful forms of the Georgian, the Perfian, and other eastern females, are adduced. But I am not fpeaking of beauty. I am only confidering that vigorous conftitution, without which beauty is as tranfitory as grace. In this refpect, it is allowed that the women of the North have, in general, great advantages over thofe of the South. The exercife which preferves the former, would enervate their rivals. Though thefe are more lively, yet, from the relaxation occafioned by heat, they would foon lofe that appetite which is the principle of life in all animated nature, were it not conftantly irritated by the ufe of aromatic chocolate, as in Spain, and fpices, as in the Eaft and the Antilles.

It must also be remarked, that, in warm climates, women, to recruit their exhaufted powers, find fleep more particularly neceffary than it is in colder regions. This fhortens the period of their activity, and confequently their In hot countries, it is remarked, that beauty too foon fades, and paffes away like its brilliant image, a

flower; that the impulfe to love is extreme, and that its exceffes are most dangerous.

What would clearly fhow, that nature has not placed her most finished productions in the Tropics, is, that the women, there, are lefs fruitful. It is not the fame in the North, whence the Cimbri, the Goths, and the fwarm of conquerors that deftroyed the Roman empire, proceeded. There, with refpect to population, nature feems to have displayed her energy; it was juftly called, by Jornandes, officina humani generis. I am, however, inclined to think that beauty and health, conjoined, are found neither in the North nor in the South: extremes are injurious to both. The temperate zone of our hemifphere feems moft favourable to the female fex; fince nature fmiles in three feafons; and, even in winter, the cold is calculated to preferve the tone, reftore weakness, and check contagion.

The most favourable fituation for finding the precious gifts of nature feems to be in an habitation where the neighbouring mountains break the moft piercing winds, and ftop every peftilential contagion. Shropshire, a county of Great-Britain, is defervedly commended as the moft healthy spot in the three kingdoms, where all the men are of a robust frame, and the women vigorous. It was there that Thomas Parr lived to the age of 152; whole body was found by Hervey in a found ftate, except that the brain was much offified. In the fame line of falubrity, we may place our islands of Hyeres; that part of the canton of Berne, which, flanked by mount Jura, rifes over the lake of Geneva; and, above all, the Bannat of Temeswar, where, in the middle of this century, there were 30 old men, 15 of whom were almost 100, and others above that age.

This volume is agreeably written, and the advice which it contains is falutary. We only regret that the language is fometimes too warm, and may occafion thofe injuries which the precepts might otherwife prevent.

oyage à la Guiane & à Cayenne, fait en 1789 & quelques Années fuivantes, par L. M. B. Armateur. Paris. 1798. ·Travels in Guiana and Cayenne, in 1789, and fome following Years. 8vo. 75. fewed. Imported by De Boffe. ON examining the continent of America in a map, we find its oppofite fhores approach; and the fea feems nearly to divide it at the ifthmus of Darien. It foon, however, again expands; and the coaft trends northward and to the eaft.

Its direction is afterwards to the fouth. The coast of Guiana is in this part, and extends from the river Oronoque to the northern point of Brafil: inland, the territory reaches the north-eaftern borders of Peru. The vaft mountainous chain, which is almoft the vertebral chain of the American continent, runs in moft parts near the western coaft; and thofe elevations which are the fource of Cook's river, run in their principal direction to the weft of the Allegany mountains, are washed by the fea at Panama, and form the confines of Peru and Chili very near the Pacific. The land which forms Guiana feems to have been gained from the fea. It is not improbable that the boundaries of this country, the Oronoque on the north, and the river of Amazon's on the fouth, with the intermediate rivers of Oyapoco, Apronago, and Marauny, have driven back the Atlantic, and produced, by the accumulation of foil brought from the mountains, this part of the continent. What ftrengthens, the fuppofition is, that the whole of this region is flat, and the rivers fall from a flight elevation, rolling their muddy ftreams with very little velocity. The fea feems to have burft on the continent, leaving the highest hills uncovered to form the different iflands; while fome others feem to have arisen from volcanic eruptions. This we collect from the different conftruction of thefe mountains, fome being of the original granite, and fome volcanic. Guiana may have been gained from the fea in confequence of the change which occafioned the formation of the gulf of Mexico; for the current which paffes weftward into the gulf, again rufhes with great force to the north and east, so as to form the ftream which has not loft its force and direction even at the banks of Newfoundland. The coaft of Guiana is therefore in the eddy; and the fea is, of course, liable to be driven back by the rivers.

Having endeavoured, in this detail of philofophical geography, to explain the probable formation of this part of the continent of America, we fhall attend more particularly to our author. He early treats of the river of the Amazons, the most remarkable stream in the new world. Its fource is in the Andes; and it is faid to be navigable for boats of fome burthen, above 2000 miles. Numerous rivulets form the firft ftream, which receives a great acceffion from Rio Negro, fo called from the dark hue of its waters. Thefe rivers unite with a fullen dignity, as if difdaining to be indebted to each other, and continue to flow ten or twelve leagues in the fame channel with little union of their streams. The Oronoque rifes among the mountains which separate Peru from New Grenada, and is remarkable for its depth. It is, in-many parts, from 60 to 100 fathoms deep: it

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