Lastly, the Christian Union asserts, with emphasis, that "the reservation must go." Why must it go? Because white men, armed with the powers and resources of civilization, want the land, and must not be excluded from it. Must not, hardly here so well expresses the idea, as will not, and therefore cannot.

Under the pressure, so obvious, constant, and almost irresistible, exerted by selfish men to subordinate the interests of the Indians to those of their own trade and profit, many of the warmest friends of the Indians have come to a conclusion like that we have just quoted: the reservation must go. But how, and when, and with what to take its place :— these are questions of great moment. They involve not only justice to the Indians, but also security for the white people in their neighborhood.

We repeat, barbarians have their inalienable rights. On the lowest ground, of legal claims, they have the rights conferred by treaties and contracts, authorized by the government. If these are put aside, it should only be with their own consent, and with equivalents satisfactory to them. In regard to Oklahoma, for example, a region of 5,000,000 acres of land conveyed by the United States in fee simple to the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Seminoles and Cherokees, a delegation of the last-named tribe has thus spoken:

*

It was not a territory of the United States, but a territory where Indians could obtain a title to their lands, and where governments of the Indian people not inconsistent with the constitution of the United States could be framed. The policy orig

inated with some of the founders of the American Republic, and much effort, law, and treaty were directed to it during the first half of the present century. The chief object was to secure the removal of the powerful half civilized tribes or nations living in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, and North Carolina, and get possession of the lands occupied there. The chief argument used was that the Indians would thus, by exchange and purchase, get a fee simple title from the United States which could not be disturbed, and would be able to build up governments of their own on the same model as state or territorial governments. Nearly all of the leading nations now occupying the Indian Territory had formed constitutional governments in the old States before that time. To induce them to dispose of their homes there the most sacred guarantees were given them. The treaty of May

*Report of R. McMurdy, L.L.D., of the American Arbitration League, 1885.

6, 1828, says, "A permanent home, and which shall, under the most solemn guarantees of the United States, be and remain theirs forever." The treaty of February 14, 1833, under which the District and Supreme Courts have affirmed it to be a fee simple title, says in Article I., "The United States agree to possess the Cherokees and to guaranty it to them forever, and that guaranty is hereby pledged." Then follows the description of the land and consideration. Under this agreement title to these lands passed from the United States and patent was issued. The Cherokee Nation owns its lands just by the same title that every citizen of the United States holds title, and in addition the solemn pledge and guaranty of the Government. On what pretext shall boomers or any one else claim any right to squat on such property? Is there to be a general confiscation of titles in the United States? Has an Indian no rights a white man is bound to respect? Are the solemn pledges of the United States government to be shamelessly violated? Can the United States give any title to any one else until they buy back the property? On what pretext are we to be forced to sell it for less than its worth in a fair market?

But, on the highest ground, of humanity, the Indians are entitled to the kind of care often expressed in the words "wards of the nation." As those under guardianship while children are carefully prepared by education for a subsequent independent life, and are meanwhile supported by their caretakers, so ought the Indians to be. Something is being done by our government to promote the education of Indians, at, and remote from, their reservations; and more still is being effected by private benevolence. But much more ought to be done for the same end. Let the Indians be prepared for citizenship as fast as possible; but, while the extension of law for his protection should be immediate, the encroachment of white men upon existing Indian territory ought to be forbidden and prevented. At the same time Christian philan thropists may well intervene for the advantage of all, by promoting such arrangements as will provide for the gradual utilization of valuable lands, while preserving to the Indians not only "life and liberty," but the means and opportunities also, which they require for the pursuit of happiness.', If the reservation must go, the Indian yet stays; and he should stay, not as a bondman under military control, nor as a scalping enemy upon the war-path; but as a citizen, with all the rights and privileges belonging to Christian civilization.

tions concerning General Grant, who has just passed away, that of the greatest moment is, did he die in the faith of a Christian? There is good reason to believe that he did so. Among the evidences of this, was his answer to a clergyman who said to him, "We are all praying for you." After writing an expression of thanks for the interest in his welfare thus shown by many people, he added: "I can only pray that their prayers may be answered; so that we may all meet in another and better world."

Many morals might be drawn from such an illustrious life. One stands out prominently; namely, that human glory is very unstable, and the greatest successes often have calamitous compensations. What St. Helena was to the first emperor of the French, and Sedan to his successor in power, General Grant's failure and impoverishment in business, after having reached the highest pinnacle of distinction at home and abroad, must have been, in humiliation and disappointment. Only, with this great difference; that it was not his own selfish ambition, as with the crowned heads just mentioned, but only his too easy confidence in others, that wrought the disaster. Still, the lesson is the same in substance: "Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils; for wherein is he to be accounted of?"

As to General Grant's public life, we may adopt the words of a Friend who had some official intercourse with him: "His course towards the Indians, the Geneva Arbitration, the magnanimous terms he offered to the rebel army, his defence of the colored people of the South against the banded violence of the Kuklux, his arrest of the current in favor of inflated currency by his letter to Representative Jones, his veto of a scandalous pension bill, and his magnanimous support of General Garfield after the latter was duly nominated for Presi dent, should all be remembered."

SAMUEL A. PURDIE makes, in our correspondence, an appeal for renewed aid, with money, in conducting his publication department, which ought not to be overlooked. An opportunity has been opened to him, for access, through his press, to many minds, not only in Mexico, but also in Central and South America. Such may, if fostered, become a mission work upon a large scale of usefulness.

DIED.

WOOD.-On the 15th of Seventh mo., 1885, Sibyl S. Wood, daughter of Greenberry P. and Hannah Wood, in the 28th year of her age; a member of Springdale Monthly Meeting, Iowa.

Gently did the life of this dear child close, and a heavenly smile in death, spoke plainly that her wish to be with Jesus was granted.

WELLS. At his residence, east of Rose Hill, Fifth mo. 28th, 1885, John Calvin Wells, in the 47th year of his age; a consistent member of Rose Hill Monthly Meeting, Butler county, Kansas.

He was born in Alamance county. N. C., in the year 1838, and has been a member of the Society of Friends 22 years. He was married in 1860, to Mary Ann Cox, who survives him, with five children, all grown up to manhood and womanhood except one. In the year 1865 he moved to Hamilton county, Ind., where he lived for 15 years, most of which time he was a member of Union Grove Monthly Meeting. From there to Nebraska for one year; from there to Kansas, where he resided until his death. He was afflicted with cancer for 12 years; a great portion of the time he suffered extremely, which was borne with and his daily life was a living example worthy of imi Christian fortitude. He was converted when young, tation. During the last two weeks he often expressed his willingness to depart and be at rest, and that he was only waiting the Lord's good time.

VESTAL.-Narcissus H Vestal, wife of Nathan H. Vestal, died Sixth mo. 3d, 1885, in the 50th year of her age. She was an esteemed member of Deep Creek Monthly Meeting, North Carolina.

She professed religion about eight years before her death, since which time, we believe, she has lived an humble, Christian life. She was a devoted wife and mother. She leaves a husband and six children and a large circle of relatives and friends to mourn her loss. Those who knew her best, loved her most. She was taken very suddenly, lived ten days, and spoke but a few words during her illness; yet, we believe, she has been gathered into the realms of the blessed.

CORRESPONDENCE.

LETTER FROM RUFUS P. KING.

BALLARAT, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, Sixth mo. 13th, 1885. Dr. Rhoads-Dear Friend:-I have been thinking for some time that I would write to thee, but have waited to see more of the meetings.

We sailed on the 16th of Second month; called at Honolulu and spent three hours, and passengers were allowed to go into the city. It is a beautiful place, with a variety of palm, cocoanut and orange trees, and beautiful flowers. It was a very hot day, the 22d.

We next called at the Navigators' Islands A number of natives with very little clothing on them, came out to us in small boats, offering war-clubs, &c., for sale. We got into Auckland on 2d of Third month, and spent three hours there; a beautiful city situated on a hill-side. It was warm and pleasant. We landed in Sydney on the 13th of the month. J. J. Neave met us and took us to his beautiful home, three miles up the Lone Cove river.

We had a very pleasant voyage; the Captain said one of the best he ever had. There were several nice passengers, on board. I earnestly prayed that I might be instrumental on the voyage in helping some

testimonies given that they had been helped. Several

of the passengers who had known little of Friends, have since attended the meetings in Sydney and Melbourne at different times. I also went among the steerage passengers every day seeking opportunities for speaking a word for Jesus.

We spent nearly a month in and around Sydney, holding meetings and visiting Friends. Sydney Meeting in the past has not always been an encouraging Since we arrived above twenty persons have been received into membership. Some of them had been attend ng meetings for some time, and they have been encouraged to take a more decided stand.

one.

We have traveled long distances to visit isolated members, and they have seemed to appreciate our visit very much.

We spent a month in Tasmania. There is a Monthly Meeting in Hobart, with several nice Friends members of it. We labored earnestly and faithfully among them and there was an awakening, and I humbly trust souls have been brought to their Saviour. We went to other parts of Tasmania visiting Friends, but there is only one meeting in the island. In two or three places Friends have "sittings" in their houses on First-days.

Our next place was Melbourne, where we found a pretty large meeting. We have been in this colony, Victoria, five weeks. We were at Melbourne Meeting several times. Truly there is an awakening in Melbourne Meeting. We have had several large and interesting meetings. Several young people have acknowledged that they have been greatly blessed during our stay.

We are now in Ballarat. There is a small meeting here. The meeting was commenced many years ago by people who knew but very little about Friends. We have had five meetings in their meeting-house, one of which was for children, and was a very precious

one.

We expect to go to Adelaide next Third day, and spend a month or more in that colony, South Australia; then back to Sydney, when I expect J. J. Neave and I will go to Queensland. Alpheus White thinks some of returning home in the Eighth month. He had a letter telling him his brother was not expected to live, and his parents were in infirm health. If he should return, I shall miss him very much. I shall not go to New Zealand before the end of Ninth or beginning of Tenth month. The hottest time of the year in Australia is about Christmas. It is winter now, and about as cold as Third month in Philadelphia. There is some beautiful scenery in Tasmania, and also in Victoria. Near Sydney are some very fine orange groves. Very few of the natives are left in the civilized parts. I have seen some half-castes, but none of the old aborigines.

In dear love to thee and all thy family, I am thy friend, RUFUS P. KING.

P. S.-Twelve months ago this day dear Edward L. Scull passed from earth to his rest in Heaven, I have thought much of him to-day, and it is my earnest prayer that I may meet him in the presence of the Saviour, in whose presence is fullness of joy, and at whose right hand there are pleasures for evermore.

MEXICAN MISSION NOTES.

Some time since I gave the readers of Friends' Review sketches of a visit to all the stations but Cadareita Jimenez and Mendez. These stations have visited us; at least, their respective laborers.

The visit of our friend José Ma. Garza, of Cadareita Mission, to Matamoros, embracing nearly all of Fifth month last, was a very memorable event in the history of the mission. He is a man of limited education, but

an earnest student of the Scriptures, and his spiritual discernment called forth especial comment from our native members, as he had no opportunity to be informed of the peculiar difficulties of individual members from other sources. His plain Scriptural teaching and eminent pastoral gift, as evinced in a visit to all our members, were eminently satisfactory. Simultaneous with his arrival was that of Santiago Garcia Gonzalez, of San Fernando, who had accepted the position of teacher of Spanish grammar in both our schools. He has been eminently successful in that line, but his ministerial labors and the wisdom of his counsels in business meetings have especially endeared him to our congregation, who were in great need of such a native laborer among them. Far above both of these has been the visit to this city of Gertrudis G. G. de Ureste, who is in charge of the mission at Mendez. She accompanied her husband, who came to settle his father's estate, and these arrangements have detained her longer than they had anticipated. Her services here have, however, been abundantly blessed to very many souls, and her cultivated mind and scientific ability have enabled her to stimulate every department of mission labor here. She was present at the school examinations, labored ably in the Dorcas Society, in the Band of Mercy, in the Bibleschool, in the public ministry, family visiting and business meetings; although it is the first time she has been privileged to attend such gatherings.

There were some misgivings among our members as to the results of the public ministry of women in Mexico, and a fear lest it might hinder the general acceptability of our mission among the people here. However, as the voice of conviction and those pene. trating words of self-examination have met an echo in every heart, not a word of opposition has been heard. Her distinguishing trait in preaching is a solicitous care to be led by the Holy Ghost, and with it a discernment of the condition and needs of the persons she addresses. Her labors have been abundantly helpful to all our missionaries, as well as to our native members, and a visit from a sister in our native land could hardly have been more beneficial, nor could it have been more in consonance with the spirit and teaching of Quakerism. If we might set down any one feature of the teachings of Friends as being more prominent in the meetings here, we believe this would be the principal one. These visits have greatly strengthened the band at Matamoros, which had otherwise been greatly weakened by emigration, and had many trials from within its fold.

The work on the Girls' Boarding School is going rapidly forward, our aim being to open the fall session in Ninth month next in the new structure. Its general plan is Spanish architecture, and it is hoped to be hurricane-proof, whilst special care for ventilation and for heating each room is in bold contrast with the inconveniences we have ever experienced in houses devoid of chimneys. The school examinations were creditable, and show the interest and application of the pupils and the earnest efforts of the teachers, especially in the girls' school.

The only feature of our work which is languishing is the publishing department. Whilst the issues from our stereotype plates show a favorable amount of work done, yet scarcely anything has been done in going forward with new books. Less even than ten years ago, when we had one-tenth of our present facilities. Sales have been very slight, and donations for this department have been less than during any one of the fourteen years of our sojourn in this land. It has at times seemed as though we must throw out of employment laborers who have been in our em

we think, paralyze the great soul-saving work we have in hand, both in our home and foreign fields."

Certainly, it is very desirable that such "circumstances" should not arise, as the acceptance, teaching and administration of what are called the ordinances, by acknowledged ministers in the Society of Friends. But when they do, deliberate action by Yearly Meetings and their Representative bodies might be very reasonably looked for. Two Yearly Meetings, and the Representatives of two others, have therefore unitedly issued clear testimonies on this subject within a few weeks. Are we to suppose that the revival and evangelizing work with which the editor of the C. Worker is familiar is so quiet, so free from all excitement, that a Minute of New York or New England Yearly Meeting, or of the Representatives of Indiana or Western Yearly Meeting, is too disturbing for his sensitive readers? I am one of those most deeply, it may be said intensely, interested in the progress of the evangelizing and soul-saving work of the church. But, to be successful in soul-saving and evangelizing, for permanent results, a church must be united; and this the Society of Friends cannot be, while some of its members, against the long known and now reiterated testimony of the body, accept, teach and administer water baptism and the sacramental supper.

The Society of Friends either is or is not a non-sacramental Christian church. It cannot be neither cold nor hot " upon such a subject. Will not all the Yearly Meetings unite with those which have already spoken, so that this question may be rightly and fully settled, at once and forever?

A GORDON MEMORIAL.

ADELPHOS.

Cardinal Manning writes as follows in a letter to the London Tablet:

"England has a perfect right to intervene and protect the millions that cannot protect themselves against the dealings, I will not say unjust, but inhuman and abominable, of savage invading aggressors. I may, perhaps, be asked what form of intervention shall we take, and I say without hesitation the form of a Nile Association analogous to the Association of the Congo. If the waters of the Upper Nile were covered with industry and commerce the Slave trade would die a natural death. Even the Arabs would cease to sell men if they could obtain greater wealth by selling the products of industry. The soil of the Soudan is described as fruitful to exuberance. It can grow corn and cotton and sugar cane and every form of seed. Mr. Johnston, in his adventurous and valuable experience, has ascertained that this peaceful race is especially apt in agriculture and in the cultivation of the soil. He supplied them with seed, and found habits of simple industry to spring up at once. We need not quote the opinion of Sir Samuel Baker, who has told us that a commercial company with a few steamers on the Nile, and, in the then con. dition of the country, two military stations by way of a police, would have stopped the Slave-trade; nor need we quote the opinion recently given by Mr. Stanley, that a commercial association on the Upper Nile would surely not only extinguish the Slave trade, but spread civilization in the basin of the Nile-and not this only, but that the civilization of the Nile and the civilization of the Congo'

would, in the end, become confluent. In this way the heart of Africa would be opened to the Christian world. This, then, is the true memorial of the heroic life and death of Charles Gordon."

Academy of Natural Sciences of PhiladelphiaNotes on the Cicada.

At a late meeting of the Academy, Dr. H. C. McCook made a communication on the habits of the seventeen-year locust or cicada. After some introductory remarks he called attention to a num ber of specimens illustrating the burrows and turrets of these insects. The material will form a part of the large collection illustrating insect architecture recently presented by Dr. McCook to the Academy.

On

About May 25 the immature insects began to issue from the ground in West Philadelphia. the fourth of June his attention was especially attracted by the vast number of insects climbing the trees and railings at the point of observation. They appeared for the most part after sunset and distributed themselves over every portion of the neighboring trees, the motion of the immature insect being very deliberate. It took about an hour to break through the shell, the slit beginning at the head and proceeding back over the thorax. When the insect first emerges from its pupa case it is pure white, and the multitudes of them slowly crawling up the branches of the trees presented quite a weird appearance. It took the wings twelve minutes to expand to their full size. To give an idea of the number of insects produced over a given area, it was stated that in a space of ten feet by four 668 burrows had been counted. In another space six inches square there were 17 openings, while another space six feet square contained 665 outlets. Under one tree there were 9600 burrows, and under another, a small birch, 22,500 were estimated. Nor did these figures indicate the number of insects liberat ed, as the burrows frequently interlace underground and several individuals will emerge from one opening. The deepest burrow was found to extend down about one foot, although another observer had not found any deeper than eight inches. The number of eggs deposited is small when compared to the swarms of insects, a fact which may be accounted for by the persistent enmity of the sparrows, which eagerly devour both the pupa and the mature insect.

Each female lays about thirty eggs. They are little translucent bodies, and are deposited in double rows in a slit in the bark. A description was then given of the specimens in the collection, including a number of mud turrets erected above the burrows. It had been suggested that these turrets were for the purpose of protection against moisture. The speaker believed this position to be untenable, the turrets probably being built as a protection from other adverse agencies. No trace of the varnish or glaze described in the text books could be found in the burrows or turrets, nor were the former closed by a partition near the entrance as had been also asserted.