my bond of love holding me to this country not yet loosened. I believe there is yet a service for me here, both towards Friends and the school, and towards the people generally.

"Since being here I have made the acquaintance of the parish priest, whom I found rather stiff and clerical at first; but with longer intercourse he has opened heart and house to us, and he will get me the town hall free for a Bible meeting, and himself take part in it, when my health allows my holding one. It is often a matter of grateful surprise how my Heavenly Father opens the door for me to such persons, often by singular modes. In this case it was by a mistake that I first called on him, understanding he was one to whom I had an introduction. but it was an error in the name. So I can hardly think otherwise than that there is still a work for me here, after this time of waiting and proving has had its intended work in my own soul."-British Friend.

RURAL.

PLANTING NEW PLACES.-A young farmer, who has occupied a new place and built a new house this season, asks for advice in preparing, this Fall, so far as he can, for active operations another season in planting fruits, ornamentals and kitchen garden. In compliance with, his request, we suggest the importance first of all of securing for his fruit and kitchen garden, perfect under-drainage. Nearly all soils need it, as the foundation for all success. A few soils have a porous, gravelly bottom and do not require underdraining, but these are exceptions, while many other soils, supposed to be dry enough, would be greatly benefited. The kitchen garden should be more thoroughly ditched than for field tillage, in order that the owner may have perfect command of it and be able to work it on any day. Such a soil will give richer crops, through the agency of the manure applied, than one which is Occasionally water-soaked below. Good tile drains, laid three feet deep and fifteen or twenty feet apart, will assist in bringing any hard or heavy land into a rich and mellow condition, which may be worked in Spring as soon as the frost disappears. Autumn is a very convenient time for doing the work, when the operation is least liable to be impeded with water and mud, and this thorough underdraining will make all the difference between a mellow soil, which is a comfort to work, and a bed of mortar followed with crusts and clods.

The next work, which may be performed in the Autumn, as soon as the ditching is finished, is the copious application of manure. A part, or one coat, may be first finely broken and partly mixed into the top soil with the harrow, and then plowed in; and another coat, evenly spread and well harrowed, may remain at the surface till early Spring. The quantity to be thus applied will depend on its condition, and the state of the soil. If the manure is free from coarse fiber, the first coat may be ap plied copiously, and then thoroughly broken up and intermixed with the soil; and a heavy second

coat, after remaining at or near the surface, and imparting its soluble portions to the earth as the rains wash it, will be well incorporated by the Spring culture. If fibrous manure only is to be had, less can be intermixed; but a heavy top dressing may remain all Winter. This treatment should be given to the ground intended for vegetables and for small fruits, as strawberries, raspberries and currants.

This is about all that can be done in Autumn, except in selecting and procuring plants and trees, which may be heeled in for Winter, and set out early the next season. To secure an early supply of fresh fruit on a new place, a sufficient amount of small fruit should be planted. Strawberries set out in the Spring, and well taken care of, will give an abundant crop the following season. The plants may be had of nurserymen, and often from a neighbor. Different cultivators, and in different localities, have their various favorites; but the most popular sorts at present are Crescent, Wilson, Downing, Sharpless, Cumberland, Manchester, Triomphe de Gand, and Kentucky. Newer sorts, not yet sufficiently tried, will supersede some of these, Under ordinary treatment and on most soils, the best time for procuring them and setting out is early in Spring. Other small fruits, however, may be obtained in Autumn before freezing weather, and carefully heeled in, taking special care to fill in solid all the interstices among the roots; and where there is danger from mice, to surround them with a solid and smooth mound or bank of earth, up which mice will not pass under

snow.

Raspberries should never be omitted. The ease with which they are raised, and the abundant crops they afford with little labor, remove all excuse from every owner of a garden who neglects them. Among the cap varieties, the Tyler, Ohio, Caroline, Shaffer and Gregg are good sorts and heavy bearers; and among the red sorts are the Clarke, Fastolf, Reliance, Turner, and Cuthbert. Two or three dozen bushes of almost any of these will supply the table daily for weeks. The crop for one day will repay all the labor of taking care of them through the year.

Currants should never be omitted. A row fifty feet long will give a bountiful supply. You may select the Red Dutch, White Grape, and the Cherry or Versailles. If bushes are not at hand, you may make your own plants by taking off the cuttings in Autumn, planting nearly their whole length, and pressing the soil compactly about them their full depth. Cover with two or three inches of manure for the Winter, and they will make a free growth next year.

The addition of gooseberries and blackberries will give you, with the others, plenty of fresh and delicious fruit through the whole Summer months, and will afford a good supply the second year after planting. To these may be added grapes for early and late Autumn, and in a suitable apartment they will keep till mid-winter if long keepers are selected. Among the varieties which may be

chosen, the Concord is easily managed and will give an abundant crop. The Worden is like it, but better and ten days earlier. Moore's Early is as good as the Concord, and earlier still. These are not long keepers. Agawam and Lindley are among the best of the Rogers hybrids. Lady is a valuable, very early grape; Prentiss is one of the best later light-green sorts. Diana ripens late, and is a good long keeper.

Of the larger fruits you will want several plum trees, if you are willing to take the small and necessary trouble of killing the curculios. A few cherry trees of such varieties as Early Richmond, Mayduke, Morello, Coe's Transparent, Black Tartarian, etc., will give a pleasant Summer supply. You may plant a selection of peach trees, from Waterloo and Amsden, the crops of which ripen at the North before August, all the way to the Crawfords, Foster, Stump, and Salway, which, with a regular succession, will afford fine peaches through the entire period of three months. A few dwarf pears, of Boussock, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Angoulême, will come into bearing in two or three years, and precede the later standard trees. You will doubtless be able to make your own selection of apples. A part of all these fruit trees may be procured in Autumn and heeled-in for Winter as already directed, and a part next Spring.

In procuring and setting out fruit trees and plants, it is well to avoid the mistake, which many make, of trying to plant everything at once. Errors are thus made in selection, too much is undertaken, and the work hurried and performed superficially. To keep up a constant supply of the best sorts, additions must be made frequently, or more or less every year. If you do not want to wait long, plant

strawberries and other small fruits the first year, and the cherries, peaches and apples may be added as fast as circumstances and the best attention will admit.-The Cultivator.

Gospel trumpet to a similar effect. Samuel Morris well said in the discussion upon the "state of society," that parents should "find, or if they do not find, make" opportunities for instructing their children in the doctrines of the Society of Friends. "If this be done in sincerity," he added, "the Holy Spirit will surely assist and bless such instruction." As those doctrines are simply the truths of the Gospel, this advice involves religious instruction by all parents, as a instruction by all parents, as a "God-given duty." But, can such a duty stop there? Shall any one, in or out of the Society, say, "we are not our brothers' keepers?" God has made of one all nations to dwell upon the earth. In modern times, the lesson of the parable of the good Samaritan extends in its application across the earth. "All men are brothers." Ethiopia stretches out her hands to God; and the answer to her cry is meant to be sent, so far as its outward benefits are concerned, through men. A church which is not a missionary church, during the latter part of this and in the coming century, must die. May this end be averted from each and all of our Yearly Meetings!

ONE OF THE MOST instructive expressions during the Yearly Meeting just passed, was that of an elderly and influential Friend, who earnestly asked that we might endeavor after "more positive religion, rather than so much of a negative character." This is the key-note of the great, deep, long-standing need of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. few of its members seem to appreciate it or even recognize it as existing. But, with very high respect for much that is positively spiritual in many of its

Yet but

PHILADELPHIA, FIFTH MO. 2, 1885.

IT MAY BE HOPED that it is only a question of time, when Philadelphia Yearly Meeting will take a strong hold of the subjects of Bible-school instruction and the promotion of the knowledge of the Gospel in heathen lands. The possible energy of work in this body is shown by its active distribution of the standard writings of Friends, and by the prompt and efficient labor of its Representatives in regard to Temperance legislation and the enforcement of the liquor laws by municipal authorities.

Appropriate allusion was made, during the late sessions of this Yearly Meeting, to George Fox's ringing appeal to Friends in America to teach the Gospel to Indians and Negroes; and that appeal was by no means the only "certain sound" of his

for the most part, and a large degree of self-denial in life, we honestly believe that this body is hindered from holding its right place in the army of the Lamb, by spending too much of its energy in hedging; in earthworks; in fortifications; instead of exercising a holy boldness in active warfare in the open field. Our times require such warfare. If it has its dan

gers,

which must be met, these are much less to be dreaded than the manifest dangers of indifference, stagnation, numerical decline and spiritual death, now to be felt and seen everywhere around us. These words are uttered in sincere love, and with a longing that the existing dispensation of fear may be ended by the overcoming power of that "perfect love" which "casteth out fear."

ALREADY, nearly or quite a thousand men are reported to have perished, either in battle or after

A stupendous conflict this is likely to be if it does occur;-between two of the powers holding in possession the largest territorial domains on the globe. Why should they fight? What can either gain by it? A determined boundary? Negotiation ought to arrange that; deliberately, "scientifically," dispassionately. It ought to be an affair of business; about which two nations should no more think of going to war than two neighbors who refer their boundary line to a competent and impartial

surveyor.

minds, is shown by its being proposed in the House of Commons by three members; one of whom is Henry Richard, the leading advocate of peace in that body and elsewhere in the United Kingdom. From the editorial article in the same number of the Herald of Peace, we quote the following pas. sages:

"Without going farther into the merits of the question in dispute, we merely wish to ask this common-sense question: Is it not possible to find means of adjusting this matter, without involving two great nations in a war which may prove one of the most extensive and disastrous on record? Is there not wisdom and judgment enough to be found among the statesmen of the two countries, to devise some mode of deciding what is to be done with a

professedly Christian people into a fierce conflict, out precipitating some one hundred millions of

"What was the present position of their military force? They were sending to the Soudan the pick of their English troops, at a time when they might have been better employed preparing to go to Afghanistan. Look again at the effect of this policy on the relations of this country with foreign Governments. Russia, following her usual policy, was advancing on the Afghan frontier, in a way which no member of the House could shut his eyes to. Russia, it seemed, had always found the difficulties of other countries to be her own opportunities; and seeing this country engaged in this fruitless, bootless errand in the Soudan, she was taking advantage of that position to advance on the Afghan frontier. This policy of advance, on the part of Russia, could only be met by a display of firmness which, he hoped, would characterize Her Majesty's Govern

ment."

"A display of firmness" is, according to cable reports, being now made by England. Troops are being rapidly equipped; artillery, men of war and vessels of transport are obtained and fitted out on an enormous scale, and the Afghans are stimulated to armed resistance, with the promise of aid from India and Great Britain. Meanwhile, diplomacy is active between the two powers; but without retarding for a moment the preparations for war on both sides. Here we may see the great difficulty in the way of international arbitration. As purely and only selfish ends are held in view by both nations, neither will trust the pacific intentions of the other; all must be secured by force. Moreover, pride supplements selfishness; the British Lion will not yield anything to the Russian Bear. That arbi

the end of which no man can foresee?

"We say that there is a method provided by the foresight of the great Powers of Europe, to which' Russia and England were willing parties, which furnishes for them an escape from so terrible a contingency, in a manner which may be perfectly accordant with what is called the honor of both. We refer to the Protocol of the Treaty of Paris in 1856, to the Premier, in Parliament, on March 14th, and which was quoted by Mr. Richard in his question which recommended that States between which any serious misunderstanding may arise, should before appealing to arms, have recourse to the good offices that this was adopted on the initiative of Lord Clarof a friendly Power. Let us remind our readers, endon, the British Plenipotentiary, that it was agreed to by the representatives of all the other Powers who were parties to the treaty, and that upwards of forty Governments subsequently gave

in their adhesion to it. Let us further remind them

that this provision of the Treaty of Paris has been spoken of in the highest terms by many distinguished statesmen. Mr. Gladstone, discussing the terms of the treaty, at the time, in the House of Commons, said, in reference to the Protocol, Asto the proposal to refer international differences to arbitration, I think it is, in itself, a great triumph. It is, perhaps, the first time that the representatives of the principal nations of Europe have given an emphatic utterance to sentiments which contain at least a qualified disapproval of a resort to war, and asserted the supremacy of reason, justice, humanity and religion.' The late Lord Derby, years afterwards, referred to it as the principle which to its endless honor, was embodied in the Protocol of the Conference of Paris.' Lord Malmesbury, when he was Foreign Secretary of Lord Derby's Government, said that the British Government had always considered that act as one of the most important to civilization and to the security of the peace of Europe.' Lord Clarendon, speaking in the House of Lords of its successful application by the Con

ference on the Luxembourg question—a question which at one time threatened war between France and Prussia-said:

"The Conference has, I think, proved in one more instance the soundness of the principle laid down at the Congress of Paris-that nations between whom any serious difficulty has arisen, ought always, before resorting to arms, to appeal to the friendly offices of neutral States. The success of this case will, I hope, lead to a more general adhesion to that principle.' M. Drouyn de Lhuys when explaining the project of the Emperor of the French for a European International Congress, appeals to the same Protocol, as affording ground for the proposal of the Emperor, and quotes the words used by Lord Clarendon in introducing the matter to the Plenipotentiaries in 1856, that such a dec laration might become a barrier against conflicts which frequently only break forth because it is not always possible to enter into an explanation, and to come to an understanding.' The same distinguished French statesman, a few years ago, reverted to this Protocol and said: In trying to realize the idea embodied in the Treaty of Paris, we obey a senti ment which, evoked at that epoch, will not cease to manifest itself among civilized nations, until it

has obtained satisfaction.'"'

If war does break out, the conflict between Russia and England will, almost literally, shake the world. A hundred thousand lives or more are likely to be sacrificed, throwing a shadow of widowhood and orphanage over many hundred homes; millions of money will be spent, more, perhaps, than Afghanistan would be worth to either power; and with what result? When one or both of the belligerents shall have nearly exhausted available men and means, fighting will stop; and they will be where they were before upon the question in dispute, ready for negotiation. On such an occasion, the often quoted saying of a noted statesman is especially applicable: "With how little wisdom the world is governed!"

MARRIED.

WHITE-JARRETT.-At the residence of Elizabeth L. Jarrett, Richmond, Indiana, Fourth mo. 16th, 1885, by Friends' ceremony, Josiah T. White and Mary Jarrett.

DIED.

DUELL.-Stephen Duell, a beloved Elder of Stanford Monthly Meeting, in the State of New York, died suddenly on the 13th of Third mo., 1885.

His family, the community in which he lived, and the church have experienced a loss. He was modest in manner, and naturally of a very retiring disposition, yet his daily life was an exemplification of his "walk with God," while in meetings his testimony for Jesus was clear, and his instructive words of admonition are greatly missed. Truly it may be said of him, "Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord." GREEN. Died, at her home in Glens Falls, N. Y.,

on the 31st of Third mo., 1885, Lydia O. Green, aged 82 years. She was a member of the Society of Friends, She died in great peace.

STUART.-At Carthage, Rush county, Ind,, Fourth mo. 17th, 1885. John Stuart, in the 83d year of his age; a member of Carthage Monthly Meeting.

He moved with his parents from Guilford county, N. C., to the farm where Earlham College now stands, when he was about seven years of age. He was a very unassuming man, never making much display by words of what he professed; endeavoring at all times and under all circumstances to manifest his faith by his works. He expressed at different times that he was an adopted member of the family of Christ.

PHILADELPHIA YEARLY MEETING

(Continued from p. 603.)

Third-day, Fourth mo. 21st.-Shortly after the gathering of the meeting, supplication was offered by Samuel Morris. The verbal committee appointed to examine two epistles from individuals to this Yearly Meeting, reported that it did not seem to them expe dient for them to be read in the meeting.

Joseph Walton and Joseph Scattergood were reappointed Clerk and Assistant Clerk for the year.

The essay prepared by the Meeting for Sufferings Worship and in Families, was read. Its statements upon Singing and Instrumental Music as a part of

and considerations were such as are already familiar to most readers of Friends' Review. As it could not be denied that singing in worship occasionally took place amongst the early Friends, and was recognized by R. Barclay and others as acceptable when "with the Spirit,"-stress was laid on the fact that the ripen. ing experience of the Society led to its being dropped out of actual use; while prearranged "artificial music, vocal or instrumental" was never countenanced by Friends. Congregational singing among Friends is a revolutionary innovation of late years; still confined to a very few Meetings. In regard to music in the family, the severe view, aiming at its exclusion on the ground of unfavorable tendencies, was maintained in this essay.

Several suggestions presented in the Minutes of the Meeting for Sufferings were then taken up. They concerned subjects chiefly of local and subordinate interest, except one, which referred to the position of this Yearly Meeting in relation to foreign missionary work. Information having been received that an or ganization has been formed amongst Friends of Philadelphia, one of whose objects is to send persons to foreign countries to aid in converting the heathen to Christianity, the Meeting for Sufferings was thereby · brought under much exercise"; and it was thought best to call the attention of the Yearly Meeting to the subject. The objection to it was said to be, the danger of unauthorized and unqualified persons being thus sent out to act as ministers of the Gospel; our prin. ciple concerning the only true ground of ministry, under the call and qualification of the Holy Spirit, being thus violated; while at the same time the right order of the Discipline in regard to the acknowledg ment and oversight of religious service is set aside. These dangers, it was urged in the discussion on the subject, are illustrated by the various innovations and excesses into which those Yearly Meetings in other parts of the country have been led, which have entered into foreign mission-work. One Friend spoke of it as a mistaken interpretation of our Saviour's com mand to "Go, teach all nations" to suppose that it applies to all Christian men and women now and