tutes and practice of medicine, will commence at the School of Medicine in Ireland on the 6th of November, at their respective hours. Anatomical demonstrations will commence the 1st of December.

Mr. SINGER will commence a course of Lectures on Electricity and ElectroChemistry, at the Scientific Institution, 3, Prince's-street, Cavendish-square, on Monday the 6th of November.

A Second Volume of Discourses on the Principles of Religious Belief, as connected with Human Happiness and Improvement; by the Rev. ROBERT MOREHEAD; is in the press.

Col. BEAUFOY has invented an instrument to measure and register the rise and fall of the tide throughout the whole flow and ebb.

WILLIAM MONCK MASON, esq. has in the press, the History of Dublin and its Environs, forming part of a work to be entitled, Hibernia.

The Dublin Society has appropriated 1001. for trying, before the committee of Natural Philosophy, experiments upon wheel carriages, under the conduct of Mr. R. L. EDGEWORTH.

The Antiquary, a Novel, by the author of Waverly and Guy Mannering, is in the press.

Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry; by E. V. UTTERSON, esq. will soon be put to press.

The Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, published by the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, Vol. VI. is nearly ready.

Mr. SOWERBY has announced his intention to sell separately coloured prints of such British plants as are introduced into the last edition of the Materia Medica. A great part of the plants recommended in the Materia Medica of the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis are indigenous to Great Britain, and are described in Sir J. E. Smith's Flora Britannica, and figured in English Botany. Many of these by experience are understood to supersede the use of some of the foreign ones, the identity of which must certainly be more dubions. The Royal College of Physicians have very commendably decided upon the propriety of medical practitioners having a sufficient knowledge of botany to distinguish those plants which are more particularly useful in medicine; wherefore it has been thought desirable by some to procure such figures of medical plants as are published in English Botany; and Mr. Sowerby considers it his public duty

to say, that he will furnish to those professional persons who desire it,plates only of the fifty-four medical plants figured in English Botany.

one

Messrs. THOMAS and JOHN LEAN were lately appointed to the general superintendance of the STEAM-ENGINES employed in the mines in Cornwall, to ascertain their power and consumption of coals. Their first monthly report was for August 1811, and included eight engines, which had in that month consuined 23,661 bushels of coals, and lifted 126,126,000 pounds of water foot high, being an average duty of 15,760,000 pounds, lifted one foot high with each bushel of coals. In January 1812, the number of engines reported was 14, and by the end of that year they were increased to 19: and the average duty performed by all the engines in the last-mentioned month had advanced to 18,200,000. In 1813 the number of engines, included in the monthly reports, continued to increase, till in December they were 29, and the average work 20,162,000. During some of the months of 1814, the engines reported were 32, and the average duty performed during December was 19,784,000 pounds, lifted one foot high with each bushel of coals. It appears that the average duty of 34 engines reported, exclusive of Woolf's patent engine, is at this time about 20 millions. One of Mr. Woolf's engines has been lately erected at Wheal-Vor mine, of 53 inches diameter in the great cylinder (the smaller cylinder being about one-fifth of the contents of the great one) and nine feet stroke. According to Messrs. Lean's Report for May, the duty performed by this engine, was 49,980,882 pounds lifted one foot with every bushel of coals consumed; and the duty per formed by Woolf's engine in the month of June was 50,333,000. Thus it appears that the average duty of the patent engine for the months of May and June was fifty millions, while the aggregate average duty of all the other engines is only twenty millions. Those who are not acquainted with the magnitude of somė of the mining concerns in this kingdom, can form no adequate opinion of the importance of such a saving in the article of fuel, as is effected by Woolf's engine. They may, however, form some idea of it, when informed that the expense of one of the large mines for coals only, to work their engines, and keep the mine free from water, is about twentyfive thousand pounds a year.

A mineral water of the saline class

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Eschholz of the university of Dorpat, M. Clammisso, the naturalist from Berlin, the Danish naturalist, Wormskild, and the Russian painter Choris, also accompany the expedition. The Rurik, it is said, will double Cape Horn, in the month of November next, and the expedition will employ the whole of 1816 and the beginning of 1817 in visiting in the South Seas those places which have not been as yet sufficiently examined. During the summer of 1817 they will coast along the inner shores of America to Behring's Straits, and return by the Straits of Torres, to the Cape of Good Hope; so that they will probably return to Cronstadt in August 1818. It is left, however, to M. Kotzebue to prolong his

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it acts as a diuretic, and, in a larger dose, as a cathartic. It is likewise supposed that its composition may render it a remedy of efficacy in some constitutional affections, particularly in serofula.

Capt. HALL has published, in the last volume of the Edinburgh Transactions, a description of the Table Mountain at the Cape of Good Hope, by which it appears that the lower part of it is composed of granite, that the granite at the bottom is covered with clay-slate, and that veins of granite pass through this slate. The summit of the mountain consists of red sand-stone.

RUSSIA.

COUNT NICOLAS ROMANZOW, a most enlightened and public-spirited Russian Robleman, has at his own expense built and equipped a ship for a new voyage of discovery. This vessel sailed from Cronstadt on the 31st of July last, and has since touched at Plymouth on her way out. She is called the Rurik, carries the Russian military flag, and is commanded by Captain Kotzebue (son to the celebrated author of that name), a lieutenant in the Russian navy, and who has already sailed round the world in the Nadeshda, Captain Krusenstern. There are on board two other lieutenants in the Russian navy, Messrs. Schichmarew and Sacharün, the former of whom, although longer in the service than M, Kotzebue, has cheerfully consented to eve under him.

Dr.

necessary for the purposes in view. The whole plan of the voyage has been drawn up by Captain Krusenstern.

About a league from Saltzburg the remains of a Roman building have lately been discovered, in which has been found a mosaic pavement of incompa rable beauty, 18 feet by 15, represent ing, in four divisions, each of four or five feet square, the history of Theseus and Ariadne: 1st, Theseus receiving the clue from Ariadne;-2d, His combat with the Minotaur in the labyrinth3d, Theseus conducting Ariadne on board his ship;-4th, Ariadne alone, immersed in grief. The centre represents the labyrinth. Some parts are damaged, but those which are preserved are as perfect as if just made. It is expected that a corresponding chamber will be discovered, where, it is hoped, the story of Ariadne and Bucchus will be found.

INDIA.

In an eloquent speech lately made by the present enlightened GOVERNOR GENERAL of India, to the members of the College at Calcutta, lus lordship introduced the following valuable obser vations on the English language.

"It may appear singular," said Lonn MoRA, that on a day professedly des voted to applaud and stimulate proficiency

in the Asiatic languages, I should beg permission to expatiate for a few minutes on our English tongue. I am far from feeling entitled to do it by any notion that I possess pre-eminence of strength in it. That would indeed be to imagine myself capable of drawing the bow of Ulysses. But, although my knowledge of myself must tell me how far short I fall in the sinew requisite for such an attempt, I do feel that just conception of the powers of the English language which may enable me to indicate them to others more capable of employing their force successfully, and thence more likely to add to the honours of our native tongue. Regard it not, I beseech you, as the mere medium of ordinary intercourse. It is a mine whence you may extract the means of enchanting, instructing, and improving communities yet nameless, and generations yet unborn. Our English language has never had adequate tribute paid to it. Among the languages of modern Europe, specious but subordinate pretensions have been advanced to cadence, terseness, or dextrous ambiguity of insinuation, while the sober majesty of the English tongue stood aloof and disdained a competition on the ground of such inferior particularities. I even think that we have erred with regard to Greek and Latin. Our sense of the inestimable benefit we have reaped from the treasures of taste and science, which they have handed down to us, has led us into an extravagance of reverence for them. They have high intrinsic merit without doubt, but it is a bigotted gratitude, and an unweighed admiration, which seduces us to prostrate the character of the English tongue before their altars. Every language can furnish to genins casually a forcible expression; and a thousand turns of neatness and delicacy may be found in most of them; but I will confidently assert, that, in that which should be the first object of all language, precision, the English tongue surpasses them all; while, in richness of colouring and extent of power, it is exceeded by none, if equalled by any. What subject is there within the boundless range of imagination, which some British author has not clothed in British phrase, with a nicety of definition, an accuracy of portraiture, a brilliancy of tint, a delicacy of discrimination, and a force of impression, which must be sterling, because every other nation of Europe, as well as our own, adusits then perfection with enthusiasm? Are the fibres of the heart to be made to tremble with anxiety, to glow with animation, to thrill with horrow, to startle with amaze, to shrink with awe, to throb with pily, or to vibrate in sympathy with the tone of pictured love, know ye not the mighty magicians of our country, whose potent spell has commanded and continues in

sistibly to command those varied impulses? Was it a puny engine, a feeble art, that achieved such wondrous workings? What was the sorcery? Justly conceived collocation of words is the whole secret of this witchery, a charm within the reach of any one of you-and remember that there was a period, not remote, when all these recorded beauties of our language were a blank; were without form, and void. The elements of those compositions, which now so uncontrolably delight and elevate our souls, exicted; but they existed as dormant powers, inert capacities; they were the unconnected notes of the gamut; the untouched strings of the harp. The music was in the instrument; but the master's hand had not thrown itself across the chords to rouse them from their slumber, and hid them scatter ecstasies. Then do you make trial of their force; fear not that: the combinations are exhausted. Possess yourselves of the necessary energies, and be assured you will find the language exuberant beyond the demand of your intensest thought. It has no assignable compass. One of its most admirable qualities is, that, if a term sanctioned by usage or precedent does not present itself to express a conception adequately, a word may be moulded for the purpose, which, if it be legitimately framed, will be as nuiversally understood, as if it had been con stantly employed in colloquial discourse. The appropriation of words to defined and specific senses, (either direct, or through that allusion to similitudes which we call metaphor), has arisen from the high will of those powerful minds, who have exercised splendid despotism over opinion. right of domination which they asserted over the multitude, ensured a willing adop tion of their application of words, and a ratified sanction of their extension of simple meaning to all the subdivisions of shade, and affinity. Not that they coined arbitrarily: for you are not to suppose that the licence has not its law and limits. The boundaries of the privilege are strictly laid down--for they exist in nature. You have only to impose upon yourselves a rigid and never deviating observance of those analogies which are the fundamental rule and essence of speech. If you fabricate the word consonantly to this principle, it will be as surely jutelligible, as if it had been used for years. The piece will bear an image and superscription which every one will recognize to be Cæsar's; and your mintage will have unquestioned currency. Hence has flowed, and hence will endlessly flow, "the power of giving to airy nothings a local habitation and a name." Astonishing faculty! never regarded, as I think, with sufficient admiration. Enjoying the treasures thus heaped up, we do not deign attention to the efforts by which they have

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