TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY WRIOTHESLEY,1 EARLE OF SOUTHAMPTON, AND BARON OF TITCHFIELD. The loue I dedicate to your Lordship is without end: wherof this Pamphlet without beginning is but a superfluous Moity. The warrant I haue of your Honourable disposition, not the worth of my vntutord Lines makes it assured of acceptance. What I have done is yours, what I have to doe is yours, being part in all I haue, deuoted yours. Were my worth greater, my duety would shew greater, meane time, as it is, it is bound to your Lordship; To whom I wish long life still lengthned with all happinesse. Your Lordships in all duety. 1 See note to Venus and Adonis, which is dedicated to the same patron. ร a superfluous Moity] a trivial portion. "Moiety" is often used by Shakespeare in this vague sense. Cf. Sonnet xlvi, 12: "The clear eye's moiety and the dear heart's part." 5 THE ARGUMENT1 LUCIUS TARQUINIUS, for his excessive pride surnamed Superbus, after he had caused his own father-in-law Servius Tullius to be cruelly murdered, and, contrary to the Roman laws and customs, not requiring or staying for the people's suffrages, had possessed himself of the kingdom, went, accompanied with his sons and other noblemen of Rome, to besiege Ardea. During which siege the principal men of the army meeting one evening at the tent of Sextus Tarquinius, the king's son, in their discourses after supper every one commended the virtues of his own wife; among whom Collatinus extolled the incomparable chastity of his wife Lucretia. In that pleasant humour they all posted to Rome; and intending, by their secret and sudden arrival, to make trial of that which every one had before avouched, only Collatinus finds his wife, though it were late in the night, spinning amongst her maids: the other ladies were all found dancing and revelling, or in several disports. Whereupon the noblemen yielded Collatinus the victory, and his wife the fame. At that time Sextus Tarquinius being inflamed with Lucrece' beauty, yet smothering his passions for the present, departed with the rest back to the camp; from whence he shortly after privily withdrew himself, and was, according to his estate, royally entertained and lodged by Lucrece at Collatium. The same night he treacherously stealeth into her chamber, violently ravished her, and early in the morning speedeth away. Lucrece, in this lamentable plight, hastily dispatcheth messengers, one to Rome for her father, another to the camp for Collatine. They came, the one accompanied with Junius Brutus, the other with Publius Valerius; and finding Lucrece attired in mourning habit, demanded the cause of her sorrow. She, first taking an oath of them for her revenge, revealed the actor and whole manner of his dealing, and withal suddenly stabbed herself. Which done, with one consent they all vowed to root out the whole hated family of the Tarquins; and bearing the dead body to Rome, Brutus acquainted the people with the doer and manner of the vile deed, with a bitter invective against the tyranny of the king: wherewith the people were so moved, that with one consent and a general acclamation the Tarquins were all exiled, and the state government changed from kings to consuls. THE ARGUMENT] This, with the prose dedications prefixed to Venus and Adonis and the present poem, forms all the non-dramatic prose from Shakespeare's pen which is extant. 2 Collatium] The correct name was Collatia; see lines 2 and 50. ROM THE Ardea all in post, BESIEGED Borne by the trustless wings of false desire, Lust-breathed Tarquin leaves the Roman host, And to Collatium bears the lightless fire, Which, in pale embers hid, lurks to aspire, And girdle with embracing flames the waist Of Collatine's fair love, Lucrece the chaste. Haply that name of "chaste" unhappily set This bateless edge on his keen appetite; When Collatine unwisely did not let 1 Ardea] a town in Latium. The penultimate e is in classical Latin, short, as at line 1332, infra. all in post] in post-haste. 10 To praise the clear unmatched red and white Where mortal stars, as bright as heaven's beauties, For he the night before, in Tarquin's tent, That kings might be espoused to more fame, O happiness enjoy'd but of a few! 4 Collatium] The correct name of the town is Collatia. The name is repeated at line 50 in the correct form in all editions, save in a single copy - the Bodleian copy of the First Quarto which gives Colatium. That exceptional reading is admitted to the present text of line 50. lightless] smouldering. 9 bateless] not to be blunted. 10 let] forbear. Cf. line 328, infra. 11 red and white] Cf. Venus and Adonis, 346: "conflict of her hue," and line 56 seq., infra. 14 aspects] an astrological term; applied to the influences of the stars. Shakespeare invariably accents the word on the second syllable. 21 peer] Thus the 1594 Quarto. The later editions read prince. ... 26 An expired date . . . begun] Cf. Daniel's Rosamond, 249: "Cancell'd with Time, will have their date expired." 20 Honour and beauty, in the owner's arms, Of that rich jewel he should keep unknown His high-pitch'd thoughts, that meaner men should vaunt That golden hap which their superiors want. But some untimely thought did instigate Orash-false heat, wrapp'd in repentant cold, Thy hasty spring still blasts, and ne'er grows old! 37 Suggested] Tempted. 40 Braving compare] Challenging comparison. 44 all-too-timeless] quite unseasonable. 49 Thy hasty spring still blasts] Cf. line 869, infra: "Unruly blasts wait on the tender spring." 30 40 |