tion to the consideration of that part of the osseous system. Notwithstanding the generosity of the authors in allotting such a goodly share of their space to the treatment of this part of their subject, it has materially suffered, in common with the other systems of the economy, by the too extensive condensation of matter which characterizes the entire volume. Space will not permit us here to show the numerous instances wherein this is evident, and an example or two must suffice. As an instance, we fail to discover even a mention of such structures as are presented us in the vestiges of a pelvis in the whales and other marine mammals; and a similar omission applies to the limbless Reptilia, as in Ophisaurus, for example. Nor (were these well-known facts alluded to) would the absence of external limbs imply that 'pectoral and pelvic arches are also wanting,' as our authors would have us believe (p. 87). And in regard to these vestiges of organs, and rudiments of the same, we are, in view of the fact of the highly important part they play in general morphology, compelled to deplore the exceedingly slight attention they have had bestowed upon them throughout the book.

Without the assistance of some such handbook as Parker's Zoötomy,' we are quite certain that the special student would find but little to serve him in the chapter devoted to the musculature of the trunk and its appendages, for the subject has been generalized to the last degree; nor is this section entirely free from error, as, to instance, we are told that no trace of a transversalis can be distinguished' in birds, - a statement that is by no means true, for a well-developed one is found in Apteryx, and this muscle is also found in some of the higher groups.

"

It will be out of the question to even enumerate the many slips that have been allowed to creep into the section devoted to the Nervous system,' certain portions of which must be read with great caution by the student, who perhaps may have to rely upon this manual as final authority.

So far as the defects among the figures are concerned, one of the principal ones to be noted is the inaccurate representation of the lancelet on p. 247, as compared with the far more correct drawing of the same animal on p. 114. A side from these strictures, however, and many others that could be made, this work, with its long list of brilliant, and for the most part accurate, woodcuts, some of which are even colored, greatly enhancing their usefulness, its excellent bibliographical references at the end of each section, and its list of general works following the preface, and finally its admirable arrangement and clearness of diction, will be sure to commend itself to Eng

lish students and readers of the subject of which it, as a whole, so ably treats. R. W. S.

THE LIFE OF HAMILTON.

EARLY in the third volume of Science, at p. 28, we left Hamilton at the age of twenty-seven, young in years, but with the foundation of that superstructure, which is and always will be the marvel of mankind, well and deeply laid. Nothing can be of profounder interest than, in this second volume of his life, to watch the completion and growth to maturity of that imposing intellectual edifice so ably delineated by the accomplished author, whom Hamilton had nominated as his literary executor.

more.

Mr. Graves finds enough in a year of Hamilton's life for a single sizable chapter, if not for So important an event to Hamilton as his marriage is given the prominence it ought to have in fact, subsequent events justify his biographer in terming it a crisis of his life.' As might be surmised, the period of his courtship of Miss Bayly was no less a period of his courtship of the Muse; but it was not with Hamilton as it would have been with a mere poet, a period devoid of intellectual activity in other directions. His head was full of the mathematics of conical refraction, while his heart craved the satisfaction of that complete consent, long delayed, which he prized above every thing else.

On the whole, this book, as well as its companion volume, is a most diffise one - at least, it so seems; but its compiler might well have made it even more so without undergoing in the longrun any charge of error in judgment; for every scrap of even meagre information becomes of importance, no one can tell how great, when related to a man like Hamilton, of whom it may more truly be said than of any other man of the present century, that his highest fame is still of the future. While the slow progress of the quaternion method is not a little remarkable, Hamilton appears to have been himself conscious that this might be the case, and to some extent foreshadowed it, somewhere speaking of the mathematicians of a thousand years hence, and their gratitude to him for the discovery of the new calculus.

We have nothing but the highest praise for Mr. Graves's delicate and trustworthy descriptions of Hamilton's character, and the incidents of his life. We have also to thank him for the charming glimpses he gives us of other distinguished names, in the space allowed their letters: what we see of

Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton. Vol. ii. By ROBERT PERCEVAL GRAVES. London, Longmans, Green & Co. 8°.

Sedgwick, De Morgan, Maria Edgeworth, and a number of others, leads us to the strong wish that their correspondence might have been presented in even greater fulness. We have, indeed, the promise of an extended correspondence between Hamilton and De Morgan in the appendix to the succeeding volume of Hamilton's life. Mr. Graves has considerately provided indexes to both these volumes with a minuteness to suit the most exacting librarian: their thoroughness, in fact, nearly doubles the value of his work. The possibility of a collection of the strictly scientific and technical correspondence of Hamilton has already been hinted at, and will, on the completion of the present work, supplement this literary biography in a most important direction. Still beyond that, are the abounding mathematical remains of Hamilton, to edit and publish which in proper form would require the work of a genius little inferior to that of Hamilton himself. Mr. Graves promises to complete his biography in the next succeeding volume let us hope that his promise is not well grounded, and that he will give us a fourth.

a view to determining how many cones must receive simultaneous stimulus to produce the sensation of a particular color, show that yellow is seen as red or green even when the retinal image is considerably smaller than the section of a cone; while, to be seen as yellow, the image must be large enough to cover two or three cones.

— In a paper read before the chemical section of the fifty-ninth versammlung deutsch. naturforscher zu Berlin on the 23d of September, Herr Liebreich calls attention to the curious fact that certain chemical reactions, which proceed readily enough under ordinary conditions, are delayed or fail altogether when the liquid reagents are in the meniscus of a narrow tube. Herr Liebreich is inclined to regard this phenomenon as due to cohesion, and to conclude that certain reactions may be delayed, or permanently prevented from taking place, by the action of this force. Whether this be the true explanation or not, the fact is a very interesting one, and likely to be of the highest importance in its bearing on physiologico-chemical processes, which go on in the capillaries of the body. Many reactions which are readily effected in the laboratory may be altogether impossible in the living organism; and, since the character of the capillary walls may be of considerable influence, reactions which give normal results in the healthy organ, may yield quite different products or be entirely suppressed when the organ is diseased.

A thesis on the geology and vein-structure of south-western Colorado, by Prof. T. B. Comstock of Champaign, Ill., lately published in the Transactions of the American institute of mining engineers, is one of the few detailed geological studies of a western locality, not the work of a government surveyor. It contains a general account of the geology of the region, in greatest part from original observations, and examines with especial care the succession of the volcanic rocks and the phenomena of mineral veins. The division of the paper that will perhaps excite most comment is the one that contains the author's views on the relation between the direction and the minerals of the veins in the Redpeak district. Six zdes of mineral veins radiate from the peak as a centre, as follows: N. 38° E., arsenical; N. 79 E., bismuth; S. 34 E., galena-gray copper ; S. 35 W., antimonial; S. 76 W., argentiferous galena; N. 36 W., silver sulphuret. Between these mineral zones there are wedge-shaped barren areas, which begin to be particularly noticeable along the course of the Animas River, skirting around the peak. Reference is made to the criticisms of Professor Ihlseng, who does not accept Mr. Comstock's views.

Abbé's microscope objective, 335.
ABBOTT, C. C. Trenton natural history
society, 36.

Abnormal embryos of trout and sal-
mon, 516.

Acarina as an index to date of death,
454.

Acclimatization in New Zealand, 426.
Actinomycosis, 536.

ADAMS, H. C. Economic laws and
methods, 103; economics and juris-
prudence, 15.

Addison's disease, 629.

Adelaide exposition in 1887, 142.

Adriance's Laboratory calculations, 98.
Adulteration of butter, Dr. T. Taylor's
tests for. 223.

Adulterations, food, 296, 322; food and
drug, 431; of butter in India, 359; of
cream-of-tartar, 344.

Advertising for professors, 575.
Aesthetics, physical basis of, 419.
Afghan frontier commission, 364; fron-
tier question, 363.

Agricultural chemistry, 159; chemists'
association, 316; experiment farm
near Raleigh, 76; experiment station,
Maine, 290; experiments, 138; sci-
ence, society for the promotion of,
56; society, experimental farm of the
Royal, 53.

Agriculture in Michigan, 574.
Air, compressed, distribution of power
by, 372; on cable-roads, 275.
Alabama, geological survey of, 421.
Alaska, 27, 523; and the Seal Islands,
565.

Aldrich and Meyer's Geological survey
of Alabama, 421.
Algebra, multiple, 180.

ALLEN, H. T. Copper River, Alaska,
glacial action, 145.

Cable street-railways, 415; compressed
air on, 275.

Cakchiquels, annals of the, 22.
California, 66; meteorology in, 634.
Canal between the White Sea and Lake
Onega, 334; the Panama, 517, 632.
Canned goods in France, 199.
Cannon, a pneumatic, 552.
Capillaries, chemical reactions in, 640.
Capitalists and laborers, 155.
Carnegie's Triumphant democracy, 109.
CARPENTER, W. H. Natural method of
language-teaching, 611.
Carpenter's Surveying, 463.
Carus and Engelmann's Bibliotheca
zoologica, 366.

Cattell, J. M., 480.

Cave air for house-cooling, 413.
Cellulose in animal tissues, 299.
Census of Paris, 95.

Challenger reports, 399, 480, 524, 572.
CHAMBERLIN, T. C. Artesian well, 276;
glacial drift, 156.

CHANUTE, O. Mechanical science, 182.
Character indicators, ears as, 535; re-
vealed by shoe-soles, 185.
Charleston earthquake, 211, 224, 225, 229,
246, 271, 301, 348, 362, 363, 369, 390, 438,
470, 534, 630.

Chemical industry, society of, 53; insti-
tutes in Nancy, France, 270; reac-
tions in capillaries, 640; section of
American association, 206.
Chemist of Botanical gardens at Ma-
naus, 99.

Chemistry, agricultural, 159; volumes
in, 235, 281.

Chemists, association of agricultural,
14, 316.

Chester's Catalogue of minerals, 230.
Chestnut-trees in Italy, 400.
Chevreul, 29, 57, 211, 231, 248.
Chicago water-supply, 452.
Childhood, 288.

Children's aid society, 504.
Chinese explorations, 514; revenues,
105; voyages to America, 402.
Chlorate of potash as a poison, 312.
Chloride of iron and the teeth, 387.
Chloroform, death from, 45, 292.
Cholera in Buenos Ayres, 536; in Eu-
rope, 322, 363; Dr. Shakespeare on,
345; and America, 513; in Italy, 122;
in Japan, 302; in superstitious coun-
tries, 268; scare in the west, 177;
study of, 245.
Christianity, politics and, in the Ha-
waiians, 74.

Eiffel tower, 94.

120;
launch Volta, 301; light and human
eyes, 185; and plant-growth, 482;
compared with gas, 186; in osteotomy,
434 in London, 583; log, an, 256;
storm at sea, 536; street-railways,
387.
Electrical engineers, 121; phenomena
on a mountain, 564; transmission of
power, 137, 210.

Electric battery, 120; lamps,

Electricity and gas in England, 431; in
surgery, 297; the age of, 397.
Electromotive force, 181.

Elliott, E. B., corrects an error, 279.
ELLIOTT, H. W. Elliott's Alaska, 565.
Elliott's Alaska, 523.

ELY, R. T. Ely's Labor movement, 388;
philosophy of wealth, 551; the eco-
nomic discussion, 3.

Ely's Labor movement, 353, 388, 413.
Embryos in eggs, 387; of trout and sal-
mon, abnormal, 516.

Encyclopaedia, a new German, 481.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 411, 482.
Encyclopédie, Grande, 30.

Engineering at Massachusetts institute
of technology, 55.

England and Russia, 454; primary
education in, 485.

England's prosperity, 504.

English colonies, timber of, 440.
Entomological club of the American
association, 55; commission, report
of U. S., 139; society of Washington,
140.

Ericsson, John, 334.

Ether, death from, 344; safer than
chloroform, 32.

Ethics, history of, 265.

Europe, political situation in, 624.

EVANS, E. W. Sweating sickness, 190.
Everman, B. W., 123.

Evolution of to-day, 264; versus involu-
tion, 442.

Exhibition at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 367.
Experiment station, report of Wiscon-
sin, 138.

Explosives in Great Britain, 9; Mun-
roe's index, 411.

Exports of France, 140.
Exposition at Adelaide, 142.

Extraordinary structure, a most, 57.
Eye, blinding of a student's, 386.
Eyeless animals, 88.

Eyes of ants, experiments on, 630.

Flying-fish, 10.

Gases, liquefied, 56.

Gas-lamp, new, 299.

Gas-supply, 136.

Gas-wells, 534; Neff's, 101.

Geikie's Geology, 443.

Geneva, Forel's Lake of, 298.

Genius, precocity of, 62.

Geodetic congress, international, 344.
Geographical names, 327;

notes, 26,

119, 582; publications, 432; society,
American, 628.

Geological maps, coloring, 413, 455;
section of American association, 205;
survey of Alabama, 421.

Geology, Geikie's, 443; of Colorado, 640;
of Long Island, 352; of the Sierra
Nevadas, 629; school-books on, 443;
Winchell's, 443.

Geometrical conics, syllabus of, 480.
Geometry, Cremona's, 617, 631.
Gerhard on the prevention of fire, 411.
Germ theory of disease, 3.

German association of naturalists and
physicians, 336, 401; encyclopaedia, a
new, 481; girls high schools, 479;
language, importance of, 586; modern-
language association, 576.
Germany, population of, 187; suicides
in, 535.

GIBBS, J. W. Multiple algebra, 180.
Gilt to a medical academy, 410.
GILBERT, G. K. Archeological enigmas,
564.

GILDERSLEEVE, B. L. Classical study, 59.
GILES, P. Source of the Mississippi,

280.

GILMAN, D. C. Universities, 37.
Girls and what they read, 379.
Glacial action, 145; in Russia, 510; drift,
156; period, 188; theory of, 347.
Glaciation in the Lackawanna valley,
422.

Glaciers and glacialists, 76, 162, 325; in
the Alps, 585.

Gladstone's The Irish question, 230.
Glanders, 231, 291, 510.

Glass railway-ties, 363; tubes, cutting,
302.

Goblet, M., 587.

GOODNOW, F. J. Primary education in
England, 485.

GOODWIN, F. The Panama canal, 632.
Goodyear, 111.

Gopher, a new, 588.

Gordenia, W., first doctor, 364.

Goss's Birds of Kausas, 99.

Government, our, 615; reports, 503;
science, 35.

Grace, Mayor, and industrial educa-
tion, 576.

Grain, crossing of, 433.

GRATACAP, L. P. An archeological fraud,
403; Liberty's torch, 587.
Graves's Life of Hamilton, 639.

Gray and Woodward's Seaweeds, shells,
and fossils, 99.

Greece, railways in, 585.
Greek-English lexicon, Thayer's, 636.
Greely Arctic expedition, 122.
Greenland, 120.

Greylock, topography of, 622.
Guadalajara pottery, 405.

Gulf Stream current, 535; observations
on, 139.

Gunpowder factory, 121.

Guyot's Les fôrets, 478.

Gymnastics in French girls' schools,
480.

HADLEY, A. T. Economic laws, 46.
Hair, indestructibility of, 185.

HALE, H. Origin of languages, 191;
studies in ancient history, 569.
HALL, A. Cremona's Projective geome-
try, 631.

Hall and Mansfield's Bibliography of
education, 500.

Hall's Reading, 499; appendices to the
Washington observations, 321.
Hamilton, W. R., life of, 639,
HAMMOND, H. Mosquitoes, 436.
HARROWER, H. D. Source of the Missis-
sippi, 322.

HART, A. B. Triumphant democracy,
109.

Harvard college, annual report of presi-
dent of, 302; authorities sued, 513;
Bush's, 432; chapel attendance at,
425; Journal of economics, 385; the
250th anniversary of, 229, 423.
Haupt's Topographer, 463.
Hawaiian Islands and their formation,
73; leprosy in, 75; politics and Chris-
tianity in, 74; population of, 75;
sugar-raising in, 75: topographical
survey of, 74; volcanic activity in, 67.
HAWORTH, É. Millerite, 369.

HAYDEN, E. Earthquake sounds, 369;
New Zealand and the recent erup-
tion, 68; study of the earthquake,
225; the Charleston earthquake, 246.
Hay-fever, 364.

Haymond, R., 123.

HAYNES, H. W. Americanists, 588.
Head. See Jewitt and Head.
Headache from over-study, 187.

Health association at Toronto, 367; de-
partment of New York, 199; laws and
Massachusetts state
politics, 313;
board of, 230; national board of, 30;
of children at school, 138; of New
York, 505; during June, 92; July, 200;
August, 316; September, 426; Octo-
ber, 529; November, 624.
Heat in muscular tissue, 384.
Helmholtz as a benefiter, 141.
Helmholz, R. v., on condensation in
moist air, 388.

Hereditary inebriety, 526; neuroses,
536; trait, stature as an, 2.
Heredity, 125.

Herring fishery in Scotland, 312.
Herzen's vivisectional experiments, 433.
A small library,
HEWINS, Miss C. M.

395.

Hibernation of bats, 281.

HINMAN, R. Source of the Mississippi,
142.

Historians, American, 479.

Historical study of local institutions,

421.

History, studies in ancient, 569.
Holbrook's

How to strengthen the

memory, 582.
HOLDEN, E. S.

work, 348.

How astronomers may

HOLMES, W. H. Great Serpent Mound,

624.

Home, Douglas, 55.

Honey or maple-sugar, adulteration of,
76.

Honolulu, drinking-water in, 74; letter,
73; social science in, 75.

Horses from France, 211; in New
York, 99.

HOUGH, W. Thumb-marks, 166.
House-cooling, cave air for, 413.
A remarkable swarm of
HOWARD, L. O.
Sciara, 102; voracity of the Mantis, 326.